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KeaieWickennaeteae|NOTICE:ScansareforreferenceuseonlyunderFairUse.FurtherreproductionorpublicationreandtheDepartmentofSpecialquirespermissionfromthecopyrightholderCollections,StanfordUniversityLibraries.
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MARCH/APRIL1984$2.00OOOOABostonComputerSocietyPublicationSCRUTINIZINGMACINTOSHANIN-DEPTHLOOKATAPPLE’SNEWARRIVAL|04(Mt|
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COMPUTERVOL.7,NO.2GOCSABostonComputerSocietyPublicationMARCH/APRIL198422Hewlett-PackardsticksitsfingerinthepieTheinnovativeHP150—withits‘‘touch’’screen,smallfootprint,and16-bitset-up—lookslikeatrimcontenderinthefightagainstIBM.ByRobertA.Mamis.Bored?TryBulletinBoard-ingComputerizedbulletinboardsarebecomingthe‘‘in””wayofmeetingpeopleandexchangingallsortsofinformation.Whatyouneedandwhatyouget.ByJohnJ.Xenakis.HowtodeductyourcomputerIfyou'relookingforwrite-offsinyouryearlyshowdownwiththeIRS,yourpersonalcomputermaybejusttheticket.ByMichaelE.Lytton.Macintosh:ApplereinventsthecomputerIstheMacintoshworthyofallofitsadvancehype?Wesubmitittoanexhaustiveevaluation.ByJonathanRotenberg.CreatingorderfromchaosHarvardProjectManagersoftwareuntanglesthelabyrinthofprojectschedules,dead-lines,andcoststhatcandriveyoucrazy.ByDennisP.Curtin.TheglareisgoneThetaleofoneman’squesttofindtheperfectremedyforscreenglare.ByRobertEpstein._CIPmanagesyourpaperworkwhileyour5UnderCover69TheLearningCurve‘yourortuneGettingtheinsidestoryHackergroupie:e~6TheViewFromCenterPlaza72LetterstotheEditoraoeSees2511Commentary73StraightTalkInbusinessesofalmosteverysizethesedays,themorechangesinyourbusinessandthepowertogrowalongToprogram,ornottoprogramCompatoiiy,continuedsuccessfulyouare,thelesstimeyouhavetospendwith—_withyourneeds.*AskyourlocalIBMPCdealerto_paperwork.NowyoucanturnallthatpaperworkovershowyouhowC-I-Pcankeepinventoryundercontrol,foeoteCopevine75ClassifiedAdvertisingHieSoncentricInfiilinglitoGitheConcentricInformationProcessor,andmanagemailinglists,writereports,calculateduedates,yourIBM"PC.+YoullbeusingC-I-Pcon-figuresalestax—inotherwords,takeoverthefidentlyandprofitablywithinhours.Designedpaperwork,whileyouconcentrateonrunningforfirst-timeusers,C-I-Pletsyoucreatefiles,thebusinessandincreasingprofits.C-I-Pfromalterformats,anddesignreportsvisually.SoConcentricDataSystems,18LymanStreet,20BostonComputerSocietyNews76_Inside/OutTheZenofnew-productannouncements‘OntheCoverMagnityingglassinhand,RosemaryONeilpreparestosubjecttheMacintoshfoacarefulence-overwith,5ieeeaiecen}:simple!YetC-I-PhastheflexibilitytoadapttoronWestboro,MA01581,(617)366-1122.herpractSivaneyeseerinningoninwhichApplesGoneGinocfteingiecevosiscososscrutinyever.PholographcopyrightThenextgenerationofinformationmanagmentsoftware.4984byGeorgeDillon.C1isatrademarkofConcentricDataSystems,Inc.IBMisaregisteredtrademarkofinternationalBusinessMachines.
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ComputerTowncanputyouintouchwithMacintosh.Ifyou’reoneofthe235millionpeoplewhodon’tknowhowtooperateacomputer,youhaven’tmetMacintosh,™thenewestpersonalcomputerfromApple.It’ssopowerful,it’sincred-iblysimpletouse.Justputyourhandonthepalm-sized“mouse”controller.Andclick—you’reMacintosh-literate.Ourprofessionalsalesstaffwillanswerallyourquestionsand,ofcourse,provideserviceandsupport.a=Soifyou’researchingfortherightcomputer,hurryinforademonstration.Andputyourfingeronit.ComputerTownMacintoshisatrademarklicensedtoAppleComputerInc.304S.Broadway,Route28,Salem,NH(603)893-8812Mon.-Fri.9-8,Sat.9-5,Sun.12-5AmericanExpress«MasterCard*VISADIRECTIONS:Only30minutesfromBostonRoute93NtoExit1,RockinghamParkSALESBoulevard;SouthonRoute28to2ndsetTAXoflights.AUTHORIZEDDEALERCOMPUTER(9000ABostonComputerSocietyPublicationEditorialDirectorStewartAlsopIlEditorMaryMcCannExecutiveEditorJonathanRotenbergContributingEditorsAlanFreedmanTracyR.LickliderAdelineNaimanJackB.RochesterJackC.StarJeffrey$.TarterJonZondermanJohnJ.XenakisContributingWritersDennisP.CurtinRobertEpsteinMichaelE.LyttonRobertA.MamisArtDirectorSusanF.ShepherdContributingPhotographersGeorgeDillonSonnyTarbiNancyWallContributingArtistsJonathanBuffingtonMadeleineFishmanKeithMacKenzieJudyRichlandTypesetterEdHoganTypeforUPublisherTerryCatchpoleAssociatePublisherTerriHamiltonAdvertisingRepresentativesMitchHallAssociatesDistributionConsultantGeorgeClarkResearchConsultantSueGladstonePublishingAdvisoryBoardRobertJ.George,ChairmanMartyButlerVidarJorgensenMichaelMcClintockHowardRausch‘ComputerUpdate('SSN0744-446%)ispublishedeveryothermonthbyTheBostonComputerSociety,Inc.,OneCenterPlaza,Boston,MA02408.(617)367-8080.JonathanRotenberg,President;TracyRLicklider,VicoPresident:AllenG.Sneider,Treasurer.SubseriptionisfroewithmembershipinTheBostonComputerSociety.Regularmembershipis$24.00per$:year,Othermembershipsare:Youth,$45,0$36.00;Overseas,$48.00;Sustaining.$42porate,$200.00;andLife,$2,000.00.postagepaidatBoston,MA,POSTMASTE!3579toComputerUpdate,OneCenterPlaza,Boston,MA02408.Copyright©1984byTheBosionComputerSocietyInc.Allrightsreserved.Nothinginthispublicationmaybereproducedinwholeorinpartwithoutthespecificwrittenpermissionofthepublisher.Computerclubsandothernon-profitorganizationsareinvitedtoinquireaboutTheBostonComputerSociety'sspecialreprintprogram.UnderCoverGettingtheinsidestoryIt’snobignewsthatmostmagazines—bothcomputerandcommercial—arecurrentlyrunningmajorstoriesonApple’sMacintosh.They’dhavetobecomatosenottoac-knowledgetheimportanceofApple’slatestentryintotheephemeralpersonalcomputermarketplace.Andyoucanbetthatallofthearticlesinallofthemagazinescontainsimilarrundownsofhardwarespecifications,marketstatistics,industry-impactspeculations,andsoon.WhatsetsComputerUpdateapartfromthejournalisticpackisnotthetellingoftheMacintoshstory(Seeourcoverstory,‘Macintosh:Applereinventsthecomputer,”whichbeginsonpage38),butthegettingofitConsider:OfthecountlesspublicationscoveringAp-ple’s1984newyear’sresolution,justsixteen—includingTime,Fortune,Forbes,BusinessWeek,Newsk,andComputerUpdate—wereluckyenoughtobeinvitedtoApple’sCupertinoheadquartersforaspecialpreview.Ofthesesixteen,fifteenwerekindlygivenuptoamaximumofonedayatAppletoconducttheirinterviewsandsam-pletheproduct.AndthencameComputerUpdate:theonlypublicationtobeinvitedtospendalmostafullweekatApplehead-quarters.Duringthatperiod,authorJonathanRotenbergtalkedtovirtuallyeverypersoninthecompanyinvolvedintheMacintosh—frompresidentJohnSculley,tochair-manSteveJobs,topersonalcomputerdesignerSteveWozniak,toformerpresident(andnowvicechairman)MikeMarkkula;ondowntothepeoplewhodesignedtheMacintosh,tothepeoplewhodesignedthenewLisa2,eventothe4personwhodesignedthefactorywhereMacsarecurrentlybeingspitout.Immersedfromearlymorn-inguntillateatnightinApple’smilieu,RotenbergwasaffordedinsightsgivennooneelseandcameawayknowingthingsthatevensomepeopleinsideAppledon’tknow.Whatresultedisanepictocomparewithnoneoftheothermagazineaccounts,aswellastheclosestthingComputerUpdatehasevercometoaspecialissue.Wehopeyouenjoyit.MaryMcCannEditorMARCH/APRIL1984
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Oe=2s=BretonJAOIMOUtErOneCenOSocetytePresident:JonathanRotenberg,VicePresident:TracyR.LickliderA4Treasur:AllenG.SneidergoBusinessManager:MaryE,McCannDirector,MemberPrograinssK&thi'kuehnManager,MemberRelations:RosemaiyQO'NeillMyRENDirectors:DanielS.Bricklin,MitchellS.-,Kapor,TracyR.Licklider,HarrisT.-Luscemb.£WM),JonathanRotenberg,AllenSneider,*BonnieTurrentineGeneralCounsel:HarrisT.LuscombIl,Cressy&LuscombSpecialCounsel:Foley,Hoag&EliotChiefResourceConsultants:TomLindsley,PaulMcGarry,JohnSturm,JeffWheatonPlanningDirector:JimZien“Controller:AlexanderH.TekeianPublicRelations:Newsome&CompanyManagementConsultant:PeterF:-RousmaniereGraphicDesign:Doliber&Skeffington’“AdamSonnenschein,TheBostonComputerSociety,Inc.jsanor-profit,educationalorganizationdedi:catedfofurtheringthegeneral:public'sunderstandingofandknowledge-aboutperSonalcomputers.ForfurtherinformationontheSociety'sactivitiesofonthe-cost-otmembership,pleasereferfothecardboundintothisissueofwriteorcallthe$9-‘cietyatOneCenterPlaza,BostonMA02108,(617)367-8080,TheBostonCom.puterSocietygratelullyacknowledgesthe,followingcompanies{67theirmajorcontrbutions.ofequipmenttotheSociely’sResourceCenter:AppleComputer,ComfodoréInfemational,IBM,Microsoft,SinclairResearchLid...andyCorporation,ondXeroxCorporation.:Patrons:Sinclair,ResearchLtd,LifetimeMembers.-RogerBaderischer:Daniel$.Bricklin,PhillD.Estridge:H.EJamesFinke:DanielH.Fylstra;WilliamHGates:WayneGreen:LewisKornfeld:A.CMarkkula;FrankMcCullough:SeymourPapen;JonShirley:CliveM.Sinclar.SustainingMembers:RooR.AdamsIlPhelpsBrown;Roger£.Clark:FrederickCCochrane;HarryConover;DavidC.‘Crocker:CurriculumAssociates;DavidDeBeracinis:RobertO.Doyle:SusanDuGottGordonE.Eubanks,JIr;HastingsAdvertising:CharlesH.Hood:J.W.vie:EdwardMKoptow:JohnLancaster:JohnLeslie:KatharineLloyd;TanTekLum:Norman-C.NapierIll:GeorgeNatarian;C.J.Puwaski:BenjaminRosen:CliveM.Sinclair;JohnJSpringfield;WilliamVonAken;ErieWeil:WilliamWolfson;SteveWozniakCorporateMembers:AbtAssociates:ActionforBostonCommunityDevelopment,Addison-Wesley:AdvancedInformationSysJems&Services;AmericanLanguageAcademy:Ashton-Tate;BankofNewEngland:Bell&Howell:BlueHillsRegionalVocationalSchoo!District;Bontronics:BoscomAssociates;BostonConsulting...6COMPUTERUPDATEZa,Massachusetts02108Group:BostonFinancialDataServices:BostonGlobe:BostonPhoenix:BostonScien-siteCorp.BostonTelétomputer;TheBétiomLine;BjddtordServices}BraxtonAssobiates;BrooklinePublicSchools;Business&Profes“sionalSoftware:BytePublications;C&'CAs:sociatesofMedford:C&CComputerCon.cepls;,CapitalMarketSystems:CentralEoatingComeciny;CharlesRiverPartnerships:Chelinsfarci,Schools;Children’sHosptal,Compuferiand.Compumart;ComputerAccessCorp.;ComputerAidedManage._mentSystems;ComputerDevices:ComputerDesignPublishing.Corp;ComputerSlideGompany:TheComputerStore;TheComPuterTutor:ConcentricDataSystems,Concord-CarlisiéSchoolDistrictCone&Company;ContinentalResources:CosmicEnterprises;Courier-Citizen;CrockerGraphics:CSAPress:CS|;CurriculumAssociatesDarkhorse.Inc.;DigitalEquipmentCorp.DigitalResearch,Inc.;DigitalRetailingMagazine;Doliber&Skeffington:Eaton&tHoward,VanceSandérs;EducationforManagement,Inc.;EECSystems;Ernst&Whinney;ExeterSchoolDistrict;ExpertSys-tems:F.W.FaxonCo.:FinancialPublishing‘Company;FirstNationalBankofBostonG.O.Graphics;GeneralElectric;TheGeneralHospital;GeneralInformationSys-tems;Gillette,Inc.PublishingCompany;J.L“HammettCompany:HayclenBookCompa:ny;D.C.Heath&Co.;CharlesHoganRegionalCenter:HomeTerminalSystems:Honeywell:indeserv;InformationSystems,inc;Houghton-Miffin;E.F.Hutton;Infocom,Infoworld,InteractionSystems:InteractiveTrainingSystems;ThéInterfaceGroup:In-stantSoftware:Joh.Hancock;KendallCompany:KernPublications;LaboratoryTechnologiesCorp.:Laventhol&HorwathListManagement;LotusDevelopmentCorp.DonaldJ.Lutz,Je:M/A-Com,Inc.;MarketTechs;Martin&Dooley:Metcalf&Eddy:MB,Inc.Microsoft;MiltonBradley;Mind-ware;MinotdeBlois&Maddison:MITibraries;Mitel;MIT,BenjaminMorse,Inc.:NavalUnderwaterSystemsCenter;NECin:formationSystems:NewEnglandBusinessService:NewEnglandJournalofMedicine;NewEnglandMutualLifeInsurance;NewEnglondNuclear.NewEnglandTelephone:NikeBRS:NikeSport,Research;NortheastEx-positions:NorthStarComputers,"NorwoodHospitalLaibs:Palier&Dodge:ParkerBrothers:PaxComputerCenters,Inc.Pedrse-PearsonCo.;Pencept;PeterElliot&Company;Philios‘Communications/Televi-sionSystems;PixelComputer;Polaroid:PriceWaterhouse!ProfessionalSoftwareTechnolo:‘Qy;ProgramCentersofNewEnglandinsurance;QEDInformationSciences;RayiheonEmployeesComputerSociety:Reader'sDigest;ReistacCorporation:RhodeIslandCollege:RhodeIslandSchoolofElectronics;SageComputerTechnology;SalemNews:SelkirkAssociates:SevinRosenManage:MentCo.;ShawmutBankofBostonSheratonCorporation;ShermanHoweCom:ulers;RichardJ.Simmons,M.D;SinclairResearchLid;SkyComputers,Inc;HaroldH.Sisson&Company:SmartSoftware;SoftwareArts:Solutions:SorcimCorp:SourceTelecompitingCoif:SpauldingGndSiye:Slateofthe-Ag.Inc.;StateStreetResearch:StephensConstruction:TheStitchery:StrayionCorporation;SuperElectronics;SweetMicros;TechnicalServices,Corp.:TenacreCountryDaySchool:ThomsonandThomson;TrantiSystems:TuftsSchool‘ofDentalMedicine;UnitarianUniversalistAssociation:Val-Tronies;Visicorp.;WadsworthElectronicPublishingCo.:WangLaborato-ries;WinthropHighSchoolSorryforthemess-up.AfterharanguingyouinthelastissuetostopcallingtheBCSInformationLineatitsoldphonenumber,wedidn’thavethenewphonelineinstalled.Thisroyalmess;upwasduetoanunanticipateddelayinourmovetoOneCenterPla-za,causedbyasevereengineeringmis-calculationandshippingdelayinthemechanicalsystemforournewoffice.Theproblemsarenowsolved,and—atlonglast—we’vefinallymovedintoournewhomeatOneCenter,Plaza.ThenewBCSInforma-tionLineisfullyinstalledandreadytoserveyou,24hoursaday.Simplycall(617)227-0170forathree-minuterecordedmessagewithup-to-the-second:informationonBCSmeetings,locations,times,andtopics.‘ThemessageisupdatedweeklyonFri-dayafternoons(notMondaymornings,aspreviouslyannounced)andgener-allycoversabout10daysof.meetings.Wheneveryouhaveaquestionaboutameeting,alwayscalltheLifoygiationLinefirstbeforecallingthemaitfofficenumber.Chancesare,you'llgetyourquestionsansweredmorequickly,andyou'llhelpconservethepreciousresourceofofficestafftime.Toallofyouwhowereconfusedbytheconflictingmessagesaboutwhatnumbertocallin‘‘TheViewfromCenterPlaza,”’theJanuaryCalendar,andonouransweringmachinpleaseacceptour’apologies.incidentally,thephonelineforthenewBCSBulletinBoardSystemhasalsobeeninstalled,though#le'systemisnotyethookedup.Youcanstillreachthebulletinboardat:itsoriginalphonenumber:(617)969-9660.Some-timeinthenexttwotothreemonths,thesystemwillbeexpanded(thankstoagenerouscontributionofequip-mentfromAppleComputerInc.);itwillthenmovetoOneCenterPlazaandwillassumeanewphonenumber:(617)227-7986.We'llletyouknowbe-forehandinCalendarexactlywhatdatetheswitch-overwillbemade.”Somenotesonpolicy.TheBCShasannouncedseveralpoliciesrelatedtomembershipinthepastsixmonthsthathavecausedsomeconfusion.Ifyou’reconfused,pleasereadthiscarefully.Regardingmembershipchargesforuserandinterestgroups:Asyouknow,BCSmembershipnowincludesmail-ingsfromtwouserand/orspecialin-terestgroups.Additionalgroupmail-ings.are,$5pergroupesyymanByJonathanRotenbergMACINTOSH:APPLEREINVENTSlittleoverayearago,IfirstsawApple’ssoon-to-be-announcedLisacomputer.Ithoughtitwassimplyamazing.Thisremarkablesystemofferedatotallynewapproachtopersonalcomputers:Insteadofakeyboardandwords,itusedamouseandgraphical“icons”’tointeractwithpeople.WithLisa’sinnovativetechnology,youcouldnowbecomeproficientwithacomputerinminutesinsteadofdays.Severalmonthslater,ApplegaveTheBostonComputerSocietyaLisa.OneweekendIdecidedtocomeinandtakeLisaoutforaspin.MyaweforLisa'sdesignersswelled.Mundaneoperationslikeeditingadocumentoropeningafilebecamespectacularevents,filledwithgraphicalfanfare.IfoundIcouldsitforhoursdiscover-ingnewfeatures.AndIrarelyneededhelpfromanyofthewell-writtendocumentation:Eachfeaturewassoin-tuitive,itsimplymadesensewhenItriedit.Thenextweek,IdecidedIwouldtryusingtheLisaforsomeoftheapplica-tionsforwhichIregularlyuseotherpersonalcomputers.Suddenly,Iwasstruckbyachillingreality:TheLisawasimpracticalforvirtuallyallofthethingsIwantedtodowithapersonalcomputer.ATHECOMPUTERIstheMacintoshworthyofallofitsadvancehype?Wesubmitittoanexhaustiveevaluation.Tobefair,theLisadidoffersomeuniquenewapplications.Inparticu-Jar,1foundLisaDrawandLisaPlanhelpfulforaprojectIwasorganizing.BothoftheseprogramsmadeextensiveuseofLisa’sadvancedgraphicsandwereextremelypowerful.Butforpracticallyeveryothertradi-tionalapplication,theLisawasdisap-pointing.TheLisaCalcspreadsheetprogramwasseriouslylackinginfea-turesandwaspainfullyslow.TheLisaListdatabaseprogramcouldhan-dleonlythesimplestdatabases.And,assomeonewhodoesalotofwriting,IfoundLisaWritealmostunusable.TheproblemsIhadwithLisaWritehelpedmeclarifymyqualmswithLisatechnology.Theprogramcoulddis-playanimpressivevarietyoftypefacesandtypesizes.Butthisextrafrillseemedtoslowitdowntoacrawl:Scrollingthroughadocumentbecameslowandtedious.AlthoughIfoundthemousehelpfulformanyoperations,IoftenwishedIcouldusetheold-fashionedcursor-controlkeys—theywouldhavebeenaloteasierformostofthecorrectionsIneededtomake.A“quickpriniout’’ofadraftbecameacontradictioninterms;althoughthedesignersthoughtofeveryconceiva-blewaytomakeprintingeasy{theLisaeventellsyouwhatphonenumberyoucancallwhentheprinterisn’twork-ingright),thisextrahand-holdingmadeprintinganoppressivelyslowprocess.ItseemedthatApplehadputsomuchofLisa’shorsepowerintomak-ingiteasytousethatitsapplicationprogramsbecameweakanddeficient.Havinganeasy-to-learn,friendlycom-puterwasterrific,butthecostsweretoohigh.Lisahadsacrificedperfor-manceandfunctionalityforeaseofuse.IfoundLisa’scompromisestoogreatformypersonalneeds.Withthesethoughtsinmind,Ipre-paredmyselfinDecemberforaninten-siveweek-longsessionatAppletolearnabouttheMacintosh.IknewthatMacintoshwouldbeaminiature,next-generationversionoftheLisa.Iknewitwouldprobablyintegratethemostdazzlingtechnologiesavailableandwouldsparkmyimagination.ButIwasdeterminedtobeobjectiveandnotletthisnewproductbeguilemeastheLisahadWhenIfirstsawtheMacintosh,Iwasovercomebyaneeriefeelingofdejavu.Objectivityhadbeenlostinaseaofemotion.TherewasnowayIcoulddenyit:TheMacintoshwasthemostdramaticleepforwardinpersonalcomputertechnologyIhadeverseen.UnliketheLisa,whichwesprimari-lyabreakthroughinsoftware,theMacintoshwasextraordinaryinalmosteveryaspectofitshardwareandsoft-ware.IdecidedthatifacademyawardsaJonathanRotenbergisexecutiveeditorofComputerUpdateandpresidentofTheBostonComputerSociety.38COMPUTERUPDATE|1
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existedforcomputers,theMacintoshwouldcertainlybenominatedinatleastadozendifferentcategories.1graduallysuppressedmyexcite-mentforthetechnologyandbegantoscrutinizetheproductanditspracti-calimplicationsmorecarefully.ThekeychallengewastodistinguishMacintosh’stechnologicaldazzlefromitsfunctionality:Isthistechnologyasusefulandpracticalasitisrevolution-ary?Ifso,canitreturnAppletothepositionofindustrydominanceiten-joyedbeforeIBMarrived?WilltheMacintoshbecomethenextVolkswa-genofpersonalcomputers,orwillitfadeintoobscuritywiththeill-fatedLisa1?BytheendofmyweekatApple,IconcludedthatMacintosh’ssuccessasaproduct(ignoringmarketingcon-siderations)woulddependonthreeissues:(1)Itssecond-generationLisatech-nologymakestheMacintoshanditsapplicationprogramsremarkablyeasytolearn.Butdoesthetechnologyim-provethefunctionalityofapplicationprograms?Ordoesitdegradetheirperformance?(2)Doesthetechnologyaddonlynewcapabilitiestothepersonalcom-puter?Ordoesitrequiretheusertocefeaturesofferedbyothercomputers?(3)Contrarytospeculation,theMacintoshisn’t—andprobablyneverwillbe—compatiblewiththeIBMPer-sonalComputerorMS-DOS.WillthesoftwareindustryaccepttheMacintoshstandard—asithastheIBMPC—andsupportitwiththousandsofsoftwarepackages?Thesequestionswillbeaddressedmoredirectlyinthesecondhalfofthisarticle,whichwillexploreMacintosh’ssoftware.First,webeginwithatourofitshardware.HardwareTheMacintoshhardwareconsistsofthreeelements:asystemunit,akey-board,andamouse.Thepackageisex-tremelycompactandlight.Thesystemunit,whichcontainsthecomputer,videodisplay,anddiskdrive,hasthesmallestfootprintofanycommercial-lyavailabledesktopcomputer:about9¥2-inchessquare.ThisislessthanathirdthesizeoftheIBMPC’s“‘hoof-print’’—afactthatwilldelightpeoplewho'vecometobelievethatacom-putercannotcomfortablycoexistwithallofthegarbagetheyliketokeepontheirdesks.lsaprettyimpressivepackageforthepriceWhatyougetwithaMacHardware:Software:Price:Availability:Options:68000microprocessor128KRAM64KROMNine-inchdiagonalblack-and-whitemonitorHigh-resolution(512x342)monochromegraphicsDetachablekeyboardMouseSingle-sided37-inchdiskdrive(stores400Kperdisk)Clockandcalendarwithbatteryback-upFour-channelsound/musicsystemRS-232connectorsforprintersConnectorformodemorAppleBuscommunicationportConnectorforseconddiskdriveCompact9%4-inch-wideby10%-inchdeepby13-inch-highchassisPortability(22poundswithcarryingcase)SystemsoftwareinROMincludesproprietarydiskoper-atingsystemandQuickDrawgraphicspackageSevendeskaccessories:Calculator,Clock,KeyCaps,Puzzle,ControlPanel,Scrapbook,andNotepadOtherdesktopsoftwareincludingdiskcopyingprogram,clipboard,wastebasket,and“GetInfo.”systemGuidedTourlearningsystemwithdisketteandcassettetapeFreecopiesofMacWriteandMacPaint(normally$200forthetwo)areincludedforalimitedtimeasaspecialintroductoryoffer$2,495fortheMacintoshsystem$2,990fortheMacintoshandImagewriterprinterComputeravailableimmediately,dependingondealersupplyMostaccessoriesavailablebeforeAprilSecond3%-inchdiskdrive,$495Imagewriterprinter,$595Numerickeypad,$129SecurityKit,$49Carryingcase,$99300-baudmodem,$2251200-baudmodem,$495AppleBuscable,TBAVarioussoftwarepackages,$99-$125MARCH/APRIL198439
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Thekeyboardissleekandfitsina13¥s-inchby5-inchspace.Itconnectstothesystemunitwithacordsimilartothecordthatconnectsatelephonereceivertoatelephone.Themouseissmallerthanapackofcigarettesandrequiresabouta10-inch-squareofdeskspacefornormaloperation.Theentiresystemweighs19pounds—significantlylessthananOs-borne,Kaypro,Compaq,orother“transportable”computers.Becauseitdoesn’tsnaptogethertoformacarry-ingcaseliketheothertransportables,theoptionalfabriccarryingcaseisagoodinvestmentforMacintoshesthatmustbemovedregularly.Aesthetically,thesystemhasclean,simplelines.AsmallApplelogoanddiskslotsitunderthedisplayscreen,whichissurroundedbyalight-beigeplasticcase.ApplehasdecidedthatitwillnolongeridentifytheproductnamesofanyofitscomputersintheLisa-Macintoshlineontheirface-plates.Thisistosimplifythecom-puter’saestheticsandtoremoveanyelementsthatdistracttheeyefromthevideodisplay.Atthebottomofthesystemunit’sbackarefiveplugs:oneforthemouse,oneforanexternalseconddiskdrive,oneforaprinter,oneforamodemorAppleBusconnector(seeaccompany-ingboxon“‘AppleBus”’),andoneforconnectinganexternalspeakerThere'salsoanaccessdooronthebacktoapenlightbatterywhichmaintainstheclock,calendar,anduser-preferencesettingswhenthecomputeristurnedoff.Thekeyboardisextremelylight.Itscordstretcheseasilyandfoldsneatlyunderthesystemunitwhenthekey-boardispusheduptoit.Thekeyshaveacrisp,professionalfeel.Thekeyboardislogicallylaidout,itskeysareclear-lylabeled,andithasnoneofthemushy“give’’ofcheapkeyboards—arealpleasurefortheseasonedtypist.ItevenhasalockingCapsLockkey(probablytothechagrinofIBM,whoseIBMPCdoesnot).Thekeyboarddoesnotincludecursor-controlkeys,userkeysoranumerickeypad.Anoption-alnumerickeypadwithcursorkeysisavailable.TheMacintoshmousehasbeenslightlyimprovedfromtheLisamouse:Ithasasleekercaseandalargerbut-ton.IfoundthebuttonabitstiffontheMacintoshIused,butwasassuredthatproductionunitswouldhaveasoftertouch,Thediskdriveusesthenew34/2-inch40COMPUTERUPDATEThedemiseofTwiggyApplehasquietlyeradi-catedwhatmayhavebeenoneofthemostexpensivemistakesinitshistory.Severalyearsago,Appleengineersdecidedthattheindustry-standard5¥s-inchflop-pydiskwasinadequateforApple’snext-generationcomputers:Itsca-pacitycouldnotbesubstantiallyin-creasedwithoutcompromisingreliability.SoAppletrodintoanareawhereithadnoexperience,investedmil-lionsofdollars,anddevelopedanewkindoffloppydiskanddiskdrive,internallycode-named“Twiggy.”’Meanwhile,IBMhadominouslydepartedfromitsancientpracticeofusingonlyproprietarycomponentsandintroduceditsPer-sonalComputerwithindustry-standarddisks,operatingsystem,andcentralprocessor.ApplepubliclyintroducedTwig-gyinNovember1982intwodiffer-entadd-ondisksystemsfortheAppleIII,calledUniFileandDuo-File(bothofwhichweresubse-quentlywithdrawn).TwiggywasthefloppydiskusedintheLisa1,unveiledinJanuary1983.TwiggywastobecomethestandarddiskfortheentireAppleproductline,in-cludingMacintoshandtheAppleHe.ButseveretroublesultimatelyforcedAppletocompletelyabandontheTwiggyprojectTwiggyturnedouttobemuchmoreexpensivetomanufacturethanApplehadplanned.Moreover,cus-tomerscomplainedaboutitsincom-patibilitywithotherpersonalcom-putersanditsawkwarddesignthatexposedalargeamountofthedisksurfacetofingerprints.AccordingtoApplefolklore,chairmanSteveJobswentintoac-tion.HeleftforJapantonegotiateadealwithSonytoprovideitsnew3%-inchdiskdrivetoApple.TheSonydiskwasconsiderablymorereliable,morerugged,morecom-pact,andlessexpensivethanthetroubledTwiggy.BypersuadingTwiggy(onright)hadalifethatwasbriefandtragicSonyexecutivesthatApple’sleadershipwouldmaketheSonydiskanewindustrystandard,JobsgotSonytoprovidethedrivesatmanufacturingcost(about$45each).Bythistime,theMacintoshwasreadyforproductionwithTwiggydiskdrives.EngineersquicklyredesignedtheMacintoshwiththenewSonydrives.TheyalsowenttoworkontheLisaandcreatedthe3¥%-inch-diskLisa2.AllremainingTwiggieswillsoondisappearasAppleprovidescurrentLisa1ownerswitharetrofitkitthatincludesanewSonydiskdrive,up-datedsoftware,andaredesignedcomputerface-plate.SomepeopleatApplehintedthatthecompanywillsoonmakethe34-inchdisksavailablefortheAp-pleIlandIIIlines.Infact,Applewillprobablyphaseoutthestan-dard5%-inchdisksusedontheIIandIIIbytheendofthisdecadeandcompletelyswitchovertotheSonydisksonallofitscomputers.Howdoesthecompanyfeelaboutthiscostlylearningexperience?“Wefeelgoodaboutwhatwe'vedonetocorrecttheproblems,andwefeelwe'reintherightplacenow,”saysmarketingmanagerBarrySmith.“Wejustwishwe'dknownthatayearandahalfago.””pR.Sonymicrodisk.Thisdiskcomesinahardplasticcaseandhasametalslidetoprotectitssurfacewhenitisnotinthecomputer.Asaresult,youcantreatthesedisksmuchmoreabusivelythanregularfloppydisks.Itssmallsizealsoletsitslidecomfortablyintoashirtpocket.AppleusesaproprietarytechniquecalledGroupCodeRecordingthatal-lowsittostore400Kofinformationononeofthesedisks.(CompetingmanufacturersthatusetheSonydisk,suchasHewlett-Packard,fitlessthan200Konadisk.)Thehighstorageca-pacitydoeshaveonedrawback:EveniftheSonydiskbecomesanistandard,itwillbetec!sibleforMacintoshusdisksfromothercomputersun.wererecordedwiththeGroupCodeRecordingsystem.Furthermore,ApplehasnoimmediateplanstolicenseitsGroupCodeRecordingtechnology,soitisunlikelythatothermanufacturerscouldeverdevelopacomputerthatwritesorreadsMacintoshdisksThe400Kfigureisabitdeceptive.TheMacintoshoperatingsystemeatsup200Kofdiskspace,andastandardapplicationprogramusesanother40to60K,leavingyouabout150Kofdiskspacefordatafiles.Youcanalsouseadiskfordatastorageonly;suchadiskwouldhold393K.Butusingadatadiskonthesingle-disk-driveMacintoshquiresyoutofacetheawkwardprospectofswitchingbackandforthbetweendataandprogramdisks.Peo-pleatApplepredictthatadouble-sidedSonydiskdrivewillbeavaila-blesometimein1985,whichwillpresumablyallowtheMacintoshtostore800Konadisk.InkeepingwithApple’sphilosophyofsimplicity,thediskdrivedoesn'thaveanejectbutton.Macintoshsoft-warecontrolsdiskejection,eliminat-ingthepossibilitythatyoucouldaccidentallyejectadiskwhilethecom-puteriswritingonit.Toejectadisk,youpointtoitscorrespondingicon(alittlepictureofadisk)onthescreenwiththemouseandselect‘‘Eject”’fromamenuofcommands.Incaseofemer-gency,youcanejectadiskbycareful-lyjabbingapaperclipintoapinholelocatedunderthediskslot.Thenine-inch-diagonalvideodis-playisthewhite-on-blackvarietyusedintheLisa.Ifounditsdisplaysharpandreadable,thoughnotquiteascom-fortableasgreenphosphorscreens.ThemostextraordinarypartoftheMacintoshhardwareisitselectronicguts.Theentirecircuitryofthecom-puter,itsmemory,diskcircuitry,videodisplay,mousecontrol,printerinter-face,andmodeminterfacearecon-tainedonacircuitboardthatis8%4-inchesby8%-inches.Asapointofcomparison,thecircuitryofanequivalently-equippedIBMPersonalComputerwouldtakenearlysixtimesasmuchspace.ThesimpledesignandeconomyofchipsmakestheMacintoshahighlyreliablesystemthatrunsfair-lycoolwithoutafan.Asaresult,thecomputerisincrediblyquiet.ThebrainoftheMacintoshisa32-bit68000microprocessorrunningat8MHz(abouttwicethespeedoftheIBMPC’s16-bit8088processor).Thereis|wasdeterminedtobeobjectiveandnotletthisnewproductbeguilemeastheLisahad.64KofROMtohandlegraphics,diskstorage,andthemouse/windowuserinterface.ThestandardMacintoshcomeswith128Kofusermemory.However,someofthismemoryisneveravailabletoyou.Thevideodisplaytakesaway21K,andtheoperatingsystemtakesatleast16K,normallyleavingyouwithabout85to90Kofspace.When256KRAMchipsbecomeavailableinthecomingmonths,Macintoshownerswillbeabletoupgradetheirsystemsto512Kofusermemory.InfatmepeopleatApplethinkthatwhenthe256Kchipsarewidelyavailable,thecompanymightdecidetophaseoutthe128KMacintoshSoftwareInarecentWallStreetJournalarti-cle,thepresidentofapersonalcom-putercompanyofferedareinterpreta-tionofanow-classicAppleadvertis-ingslogan:“Soontherewillbejusttwokindsofpersonalcomputermanufacturers,”theJournalquoted:“thosewhomakeIBM-compatiblecomputersandthosewhoareslowlygoingoutofbusiness.”GiventhewidespreadsentimentthatthepersonalcomputerindustryhasadoptedtheIBMstandardthewayAmericanhomeshaveaccepted33-rpmrecords,themostambitiousaspectoftheMacintoshisthatitisnot—andnevercanbe—compatiblewiththeIBMPersonalComputer.ThissentimentdoesnotfazeApplepeopleintheleast.“Ifyougobackjustayearago,thestandardwasCP/M,”ApplepresidentJohnSculleysays.‘Wethinkthatthestandardsfortherestofthisdecadear-en'treallyhereyet.”AccordingtoBarrySmith,market-ingmanagerforthePersonalOfficeSystemsdivision,Appleischalleng-ingthefundamentalassumptionofIBMandMS-DOSasauniversalstan-dard.‘‘We’resayingthatMS-DOSisn’ttheissue.Whatpeopledointheirjobs,whattheyneed,andhowpersonalcomputerscanmakethemmoreeffi-cientandeffectivearetheissues.Thenwehavetofigureoutwhat'sbestforthem.”“We'repushingtohaveMacintoshbethethirdindustrystandard,”saysBarbaraKoalkin,productmarketingmanagerfortheMacintosh,whobe-lievesthattheAppleIIandIBMPCwerethefirsttwostandards.Addshermarketingrepresentative:“We'llknowwe’vemadeitwhensomeoneasksanIBMsalesman,‘ButisitMac-compatible?Let’strytounderstandexactlywhattheMacintoshstandardis.Threeprinciples.MacintoshsoftwareimilarindesignandappearancetotheLisa.LiketheLisa,itisbasedonthreeprinciples:pull-downmenus,icons,andwindows.Pull-downmenusprovideasimplewaytoentercommands.Alistofthecategoriesofcommandsavailableatanymomentalwaysappearsinabaratthetopofthescreen.Youpointthemousetooneofthesecategories,pressthebuttononthemouse,andapull-downmenuofcommandsappearsun-derneathit.Youthenpointtothespecificcommandyouwant,releasethemousebutton,andthecommandisexecuted.Ingeneral,youneverhavetomemorizeanything:Youcanquick-lyfindanycommandyouwanttousebyscanningthroughthepull-downmenus.Iconsarelittlepictures—usedcopi-ouslythroughMacintoshsoftware—thatrepresentideas.Programsanddatafilesallappearasicons.Forexample,awordprocessingdocumentappearsasatinypieceofpaperwithwritingonit,andawordprocessingprogramappearsasahandscribblingwordsonapieceofpaper.Ifyouwanttodeleteafile,yougrabitwiththemouseandmoveitintothe‘‘Trash”’icon(asmallpictureofatrashcan).Soundsilly?Ac-MARCH/APRIL198441
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tually,itdoeshaveapracticalpurpostIfyoudeleteafilebyaccident,youcangobackandfishitoutofthetrash.Ofcourse,onceyouemptythetrash,yourfileislostforever(no—thereisn’tadumpstericonforretrievingemptiedtrashcans).Iconsandpull-downmenusaregenerallyusedtogether.Forexample,tocopyafile,youpointtoitwiththemouseandpressthemousebuttonto“select’’it(aselectediconturnsfromwhitetoblack).Youthenpulldownthemenuof‘‘File’’commandsandselectthe“‘Duplicate’’command.Aduplicateiconwillappearnexttoitsoriginal.Ifthissoundsconfusing,itisn’t.TheMacintoshcanbefullymasteredinun-derahalfhourbecauseitsoperationsareactuallymuchmoreintuitivethanmostpersonalcomputersoftware.WhereMacintosh’sLisatechnologyreallyshinesisinitsconsistency.It’slikedrivingintoanewcity:Youmayneedtofamiliarizeyourselfwiththestreets,butthesigns,trafficlights,andlawsareexactlywhatyouexpectthemtobe—whichmeansthatyoudon’tneedtorelearndrivingeverytimeyouvisitanewplace.BecauseeveryMacintoshprogramusesthesamesys-temoficonsandpull-downmenus,un-familiarprogramsworkthewayyouexpectthemto.Asaresult,learningtimeisreduceddramaticallycomparedtoolderpersonalcomputersoftware.AnotheraspectofconsistencyisthatyoucaneasilymoveinformationaroundwithinaMacintoshprogram,orfromoneprogramtoanother,usingessentiallythesameprocedure.Youmerelypointtothedesiredinformationwiththemouse,‘‘Cut’’it(byselect-ingthe“‘Cut’’commandfromapull-downmenu),and“‘Paste”’itintothedesiredlocation.Youcanusethisproceduretotransposesentencesinawordprocessingdocument,tomoveasetofnumbersfromaspreadsheetpro-gramintoagraphingprogram,orforanynumberofotherpossibilities.Thethirdelement,windows,iswheretheMacintoshdiffersinaseem-inglysubtle—thoughcritical—wayfromtheLisa.LiketheLisa,theMacin-toshdisplayissupposedtomimicanelectronicdesktop.Wheneveryouuseaprogram,itappearsinsideawindowthatissupposedtolooklikeapieceofpaperonyourdesk.Thesewindowscanusuallybemovedaround,resized,andlaidontopofoneanotherasdesired—justlikedocumentsonarealdesk.42COMPUTERUPDATEAworldlycomputer=Aftercarefullyinspecting|==theMacintoshsystemunit‘=andkeyboard,youmightnoticesomethingunusual:ThereisnotasinglewordprintedanywhereonthecaseexceptfortheFCCregis-trationandserialnumberinforma-tion.Instead,graphicaliconsmold-edontothecaserepresentideas.Amusicalnoteabovetheexternalspeakerplugexplainsthatsoundcomesoutofthisjack.Atelephonereceiverwithnumberscomingoutofitidentifiesthephonemodemplug.Andapictureofakeyboardshowsyouwheretopluginthekeyboard.BesidessymbolizingApple’sfer-vorforicons,thepicturesarepartofabiggerplantomakeMacintoshthefirsttrulyinternationalcom-puter.EnglishwordscontainedinMacintoshsoftwarearekeptinaspecialpartofthecomputer’smemorywheretheycanbereadilyextractedandtranslated.Asaresult,accordingtoApple’sBarbaraKoalkin,anyMacintoshsoftwarepackagecanbetranslatedinabouttwohours.ThedesignwillpermitAppletointroduceforeign-languageversionsofMacintoshhardwareandsoftwareatminimalcostindozensofcountries.Appleisworkingcloselywithin-dependentsoftwaredeveloperstohelpthemdeveloppackagesthatarefreeoflanguageandculturalbiases(i.e.,easytotranslate).Appleisalsoestablishingsoftwarecentersinvar-iouscountriestotranslateAmericansoftwareforlocalmarketsandtokeepalook-outfornativesoftwarewithcommercialvalueintheUnit-edStatesandothercountries.J-R.sy1ThebackpanelofaMac:readytotravelabroadButalthoughthewindowsandelec-tronicdesktopappearnearlyidenticalandMacintoshvideodis-plays,theLisaisamulti-taskingcom-puterandtheMacintoshisnot.WhatthismeansisthattheLisacanrundifferentapplicationprogramssimultaneouslyineachofitswindows,whereastheMacintoshcanoperateonlyoneprogramatatime.Themulti-taskingfeatureisakeywaythatAp-pledifferentiatestheLisaandMacintosh.Youmaynowbewonderingwhat'sthepointofhavingwindowsifyoucanuseonlyoneprogramatatime?And,furthermore,howcanyoucutandpasteinformationfromoneprogramtoanotherifthetwocannotbedisplayedsimultaneously?ThepointofhavingwindowsissothatMacintoshapplicationprogramscaneachhavemultipledisplays.Forexample,theMacWritewordprocess-ingprogramcandisplayuptofourwordprocessingdocumentsatonceonthescreen,andtheusermaycutpiecesofonedocumentintoanother.WithMacintoshBASICandPascal,youcanwriteaprograminonewindowandwatchitruninanother.Youcanevenwriteasmanyasthreedifferentpro-grams,watchthemrunthemsimul-taneouslyindifferentwindows,andthenmergethemtogetherintoalargerprograminanotherwindow.Asforcuttingandpastingbetweendifferentapplicationprograms,Macin-toshhastwofeaturesavailableforthis:a“‘Clipboard’’anda‘‘Scrapbook.’’TheclipboardisbuiltintotheMacin-toshoperatingsystem;thescrapbookisoneofseventoolscalled‘‘deskac-cessories”’thatarealwaysavailabletoyoufromanyapplicationprogram.Theclipboardisatemporarystoragearea.Itcanholdwords,numbers,apicture,orwhateveryouwanttoputinit.Wheneveryou‘‘Cut’’something,itautomaticallygoesontotheclipboard.Here’showyou'dcutnumbersfromaspreadsheetintoagraphingprogram.Whileusingthespreadsheetprogram,pointtothenumbersyouwantand“Cut”themontotheclipboardbyselectingthe‘‘Cut’’commandfromtheappropriatepull-downmenu.Now“Close”thespreadsheetprogramandaskMacintoshto“‘Eject’’thedisk(byselectingtheappropriatepull-downcommands).Next,insertthediskcon-tainingthegraphingprogramandselecttheiconforgraphingfromthedisk’sdirectorywindow.“‘Open’”’thisiconandnow‘‘Paste’’thenumbersintotheirappropriateplaces.Althoughthisoperationisprettyeasytofigureout(itmakessensewhenyoutyit),it’snotveryfast.UnliketheLisa,whereyoucaninstantlymovedatafromonewindowtoanother,theswappingofMacintoshdisksandtheopeningandclosingofprogramsslowsyoudown.Intheexampleshowninthe“HandsOnwithMacintosh”box,ittookmeaboutone-and-a-halfminutestocutandpastebetweenMac-PaintandMacWritefileswithoutevenchangingdisks;ifIhadneededtoswapdisks,itwouldhavetakenmorethantwominutes.Thescrapbookoffersasimilarap-proach.Unliketheclipboard,whichholdsonlythelastitemyou“Cut”init,thescrapbookcanpermanentlyholdmanyitems.Yousimply“Cut”thedesiredinformationfromyourdocu-mentand“‘Paste”’itintoapageofthescrapbook.Itcanthenberetrievedatanytimetopastewhereveryouwantit.Althoughthescrapbookoffersmoreversatilitythantheclipboard,itre-quiresanumberofextrastepsandwillprobablybyusedlessfrequentlythantheclipboard.Whethertheamountofworkre-quiredtomoveinformationfromoneprogramtoanotherisaproblemforyouwilldependonwhatyou'redo-ingwiththecomputer.Clearly,itwouldbehopelesslytedioustomoveinformationbackandforthbetweenspreadsheetandgraphingprogramstoseehowchangesinthespreadsheetlookgraphically.However,thispartic-ularproblemisamootpoint:ThemajorspreadsheetprogramsthatwillbeavailableforMacintosh(Multiplanand1-2-3initially)willincludebuilt-ingraphingcapability.Deskaccessories.Thescrapbookisavailableatanytimefromaspecialpull-downmenuofdeskaccessories.PointingtotheApplesymbolintheupperleft-handcornerofthescreen(seethe“Handson’photographs)producesthemenuofdeskaccessories.Eachoftheothersixaccessorieshasaspecializedfunction.Thecalculatorissimilarinappear-anceandoperationtoafour-functionpocketcalculator.Ithandlesaddition,subtraction,multiplication,anddivi-sion,aswellasexponents.Answersfromthecalculatorcanbecutandpast-edintoanyMacintoshapplicationpro-gram.TheMacintoshcalculatorisagreatimprovementovertheLisacal-culator(whichwassoslowitwasself-defeating),thoughithasgivenmesometroublewhenI'veusedadditionandmultiplicationinthesameproblem.Theclockdisplaysthecurrenttimeofday(hours,minutes,andseconds)inatinywindowwhich,likeallthedeskaccessories,canbeplacedany-whereonthescreen.Thenotepadismyfavoriteacces-sory.Itliterallylookslikeanotepad,withpagesthatflipjustlikearealpad.Eachpagecanhold12linesofnotes.Youcaninterruptanapplicationatanytimetoputnotesonthenotepad—forexample,ifyou'reinterruptedbyaphonecallandwanttowritedownthemessage,ifyouwanttowritereminderstoyourself,etc.AnynotesyouwriteonthepadcanalsobecutandpastedintoanyMacintoshappli-cationprogram(andyoucanpasteitemswritteninanapplicationpro-gramintothescrapbookaswell).Keycapsisprobablythemostbizarredeskaccessory.It'sessentiallyapic-tureoftheMacintoshkeyboard.Byclickingitstinykeyswiththemouse,youcantypewiththemouseinsteadofthekeyboard(Ihavenoideawhyanyonewouldwanttotypewitha=Connectingpersonalcom-|puterstogetherinanofficetenvironmenthastradition-allyposedadilemma.Althoughgreatstrideshavebeenmadeinhighspeed,local-areanetworkssuchasEthernetandArcnet,anetworkcon-nectorcaneasilycost$200to$900percomputer,plusthousands—ortensofthousands—ofdollarsforin-stallingcablesandnetworkservercomputers.Inmanycases,connect-ingacomputertothenetworkcancostasmuchastheentirecomputer.Applefeelsthatbusinessandeducationusersneedalow-costwaytoconnectcomputers,anditssolu-tionisAppleBus:a“low-speed”networkthattransfersinformationbetweencomputersat24,000characterspersecond(aboutthesamespeedasafloppydisk).Ap-pleBuscanhandleamaximumof32computersspreadoveracablethatcanextendupto1,000feet.BoththeMacintoshandLisahaveNetworkingwithAppleBusanAppleBusjackbuiltin,sothattheonlyhook-upcostsareforthecablingandsoftware.AppleBuswillbeabletosupportequipmentfromothermanufacturersaswell:“It’sallgoingtobeopenandfullydocumented,”saysofficesystemsmanagerWayneRosing.RosingpaintsanelaboratepictureofApple’sanswertoofficeautoma-tion.Eachdepartmentofacompa-nyhasitsownAppleBusnetwork.NearlyeveryworkerhasaMacin-toshonhisorherdesk,exceptforafew“powerusers”whoeachhaveaLisa2.Alaserprinter(see“Peripheralsandaccessories")ishookedontoeachdepartmentnet-workandhandlestheprintingneedsofthedepartment.Afileserv-erfunctionsasacentralfilingcabi-netforthedepartment,accessibletousersthroughAppleBus.Acom-municationsserverconnectseachdepartmentnetworktootherdepart-mentsandcommunicateswithmaincompanycomputersandregionaloffices.(Thecommunicationsserv-ercanhandlemanyindustrstandardprotocolsincludingEther-net,Asynchronous,SNA3270,IBMLAN,andX.25.)ThenetworkcanalternativelybeconnectedtogetherwithaPBXphonesystemOfcourse,noneofthisequipment—exceptfortheApple-Busplugonthecomputers—existsyet.Thelaserprintershouldbecominglaterintheyear.Asmallfileserver,witha20-megabyteharddisk,shouldbeavailablearoundthesametime.Ahigh-poweredfileserver,whichincludesa70-megabyteharddisk,a20-megabytecartridgetapedrive,andaLisa2withUnix,shouldbeshippedinvolumebytheendof1984,saysRosing.Rosingpromisesasimilardeliverydateforthecom-municationsserver,aswellasthesoftwareneededtomakethesystemwork.JR.MARCH/APRIL198443
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mouse,unlesshiskeyboardwasbroken).Themainpurposeofthekeycapsaccessory,accordingtoApple,istodisplaytheforeignlanguage,legal,andmathematicalcharactersavailableontheMacintoshkeyboard.Thesespe-cialcharactersaretypedbyholdingdownthe“‘Option’’keyonthekey-boardandpressingaletterornumber—sortoflikeaspecialshiftkey.Youneedtocallupthekeycapsdis-playwheneveryouwanttoknowwhereaspecialcharacteris,sinceAppleneglectedtoprintthesecharac-tersonthekeyboardYoumightbesurprisedwhenyoutrythecontrolpanelaccessory.WhenIfirstbroughtitup,IthoughtIhadstumbledacrossagameofPinballCon-structionSet.Actually,thecontrolpanelisnotagame,butaseriesofhighly-graphicalcontrolsforsettingvariousaspectsoftheMacintoshtoyourpersonaltastesandworkhabits.Alever,whichlookslikeitcamefromthefrontofanexpensivestereo,setsthevolumeoftheinternalspeakerorturnsitoff.Apairofpushbuttonssetsthesensitivityofthemousetomove-ment.Anothergroupofpushbuttonsallowsyoutosetthespeedatwhichyouliketodouble-clickthemouse.(Double-clickingisashortcuttech-niqueusedinmanyapplicationpro-grams.)Onasmallpanel,youcansethowquicklykeysshouldrepeatandhowsoontherepeatingshouldstartaf-teryoupressthem.Anotherpanelletsyousettherateatwhichflashingob-jectsflash,andanotherisusedtosettheclockandcalendar.OnecontrolletsyouchangeMacintosh’spleasantgraydesktopintoanyvarietyofgar-ish,distractingpatterns—andevenletsyoudesignyourowngarish,distract-ingpattern.Allofthecontrolpanelset-tingsarekeptinthecomputerwhenit’sturnedoff,thankstothebuilt-inbattery.IfyouthinkjoiningtheFortune500hascausedthefolksatAppletolosetheirsenseofhumor,thepuzzleacces-soryshouldconvinceyouotherwise.Thisaccessoryisareplicaofachil-dren’sgamethathas15numberedtileswhichslideonafour-by-fourgrid.Youwinbyslidingthetilesaroundtogettheminorderfrom1to15.Itdoeshavesomeusefulapplications.Forexample,wheneveryougetboreddoingseriouswork,youcancallupthepuzzlewithoutleavingwhatyou'reworkingon.Ithelpsyoupracticeyourmouseskillsand,asoneApplepersonpoint-edout,youcanmakeitdisappearin-44COMPUTERUPDATEPeripheralsandaccessorie=)Followinginthetraditionof===theAppleIIandIBMPer-sonalComputer,youcanexpecttosoonseeafloodofMacin-toshmagazines,crammedwithpagesofadsforeveryobscureat-tachmentandgizmoimaginable(personalizeddustcovers,gaudyfurniture,andthelike).Herearesomeofthemoreseriousadd-onop-tionswe'veheardabout,mostofwhicharecomingfromApple.Imagewriterprinter.Applein-troducedthisproductinNovemberfortheLisaandAppleIle,butitselegantMac-likecasedesignbetraystheprinter'srealpurpose:Itisin-tendedasstandardequipmentfortheMacintosh.Tounderscorethisfact,Appleisofferingapackagethatbundlesthe$595printerwiththe$2,495Macintoshfor$2,990.Isus-pectthevastmajorityofMacintosh-eswillbesoldwithImagewriters;thecomputerisn’tveryusefulwithoutaprinter,andtheIm-agewriteristheonlyprinterthatcanfullysupportMacintoshapplicationprograms(givingAppleanearmo-nopolyonprintersfortheMacintosh).DespitetheunpleasantfactthatApplehascorneredtheMacintoshprintermarket,theImagewriterisundeniablythebestdot-matrixprinterinitspriceclassIhaveeverused.Itisanengineeringtourdeforce.Applehasgreatlyimprovedthepapermechanismfromitsearli-erdot-matrixprintersothatswitch-ingfromcut-sheettopin-feedprint-ingisabreeze.Theon-offandcon-trolbuttonsareeasilyaccessibleandeasytooperate,butareprotectedfromaccidentalswitching.Igivetheprinterhighmarksforhuman-factorsengineeringandaestheticdesign.TherealpleasureofhavinganIm-agewritercomeswhenyouturniton.Itisabsolutelysilentwhenidle.Printingisevenmoreremarkable:Itracesalongat120characterspersecond,yetmakeslittlemorethanapurr.WithMacintoshsoftware,theIm-agewriterprintsinoneofthreemodes:draft,standard,orhighquality.Draftqualityisessentiallynormaldot-matrixcharacterprint-ing,thoughitslettersarecrisperthanthoseproducedbymostinex-pensivedot-matrixprinters.Draftqualityisthefastestofthethreemodes.Withstandardquality,theprinterreproducestextandgraph-icsexactlyastheyappearonthevideoscreen.TextisprintedinanyofthemanytypefacesandtypesizesAbsolutelysilentwhenidle,theImagewriterprints420charactersasecondwithnaryawhimper.availablefromtheapplicationpro-grams.Theprinterproduces120by160dotspersquareinchinstandardqualitymode—goodforadot-matrixprinter,thoughthedotsarequitevisibleandtheresultingtextisdefinitelynot“‘letterquality.’?Thehigh-qualityprintingmodeseemstobeidenticaltothestandardmode,exceptthatitprintseverythingtwice.Thedoubleprintingfillsinspacebetweenthedots,improvingthecharacterqualitysomewhatandmakingthecharactersdarkerandbolder.Second3%-inchdiskdrive.Thiscompactunitplugsintoaconnec-toronthebackoftheMacintoshandsolvesalotoftheproblemsofhav-ingasingle-diskcomputer.Thesoftwareautomaticallyrecognizestheexternaldriveand,aswiththebuilt-indrive,ithandlesdiskejec-tion.Thepriceissteep:$495.Ifyoudon’tneedtheseconddiskrightaway,youmightdowelltowaitun-tilnextyearwhenthedouble-sided,800Kdisksshouldbeavailable.(IalsosuspectthatApplewilleven-tuallylowerthe$495price.)Numerickeypad.ThekeypadmatchesandsitsnexttotheMacin-toshkeyboard.Inadditiontonumbers,itincludesmathkeysandcursor-controlkeys(thoughmostMacintoshsoftwarewon'trecognizePhotoscourtesyofAppleComputerRunningthe50-yarddashisnosweatwithyourMaccarryingcase.thesecursorkeys).At$129,thekey-padisareasonableinvestmentforthosewhoneedit.Carryingcase.Thisheavilypad-ded,waterproof,fabriccasehascompartmentsinsidefortheMacin-toshsystemunit,thekeyboard,themouse,thepowercord,somedisks,andamanualortwo.Italsohasapocketontheoutsideforpapers,aswellastwocarryinghandlesandashoulderstrap.AfterluggingthesystemaroundBostonforanafter-noon,|canattesttotheeffective-nessoftheshoulderstraparrange-ment:Itspreadsthe22-poundweightacrossyourshouldersandlowerback.Iwalkedforaboutahalfhourwiththecomputerovermyshoulderandexperiencedonlymoderatediscomfort.At$99,thecarryingcaseisexpensive,but,foritsqualityandfeatures,notreallyoverpriced.SecurityKit.This$49kitwillprovidesomedegreeofcomforttoMacintoshownersconcernedabouttheft.Itincludestwometalslidesthateachsnapintoslotsonthebackofthesystemunitandthekeyboard.Acableisthenthreadedboththroughtheslidesandthroughaholeyou'llneedtodrillinyourdesk,andcanbelockedtogetherwithastandardpadlock.(Appledoesn’tincludetheactuallock.)IwasnotabletotryoutaSecurityKit,butitseemedtobeonlyapar-tialdeterrent:Isuspectaboltcut-terappliedtothecablewouldquicklyliberateaMacintoshfromitsdesk.Modems.AppleisofferingtwomodemsfortheMacintosh:a300-baudunitfor$225anda300/1200-baudunitfor$495.AnystandardRS-232-compatiblemod-emfromothermanufacturersshouldworkwiththeMacintosh.AppleLine.ThisisaMacintoshversionofaproductfortheIBMPer-sonalComputercalledIrma.Apple-LineisasmallboxthatplugsintoMac’smodemjackandincludessoftwaretogiveitthecapabilitiesofanIBM3270dataterminal.ThisunitallowstheMacintoshtocom-municatedirectlywithcompanyIBMmainframecomputers.Apple-Linewillbeoutbyspringandwillbepricedunder$1,300.Harddisks.ApplewillnotbeofferingaharddiskfortheMacin-toshinthenearfuture.However,atleastoneindependentmanufacturerhasaharddiskreadyfortheMacin-tosh.Presumably,itwillconnectthroughtheexternaldiskdrivejack.Laserprinter.Appleishardatworkdevelopingalaserprinterthatithopestosellforabout$5,000.Ithopestofittheprinterinaspaceslightlylargerthanastandarddaisy-wheelprinter.Bothaccomplish-mentswillberemarkable;laserprinterscurrentlysellfor$20,000Mac'sexternaldiskdriveisnobargainat$495andupandfilldesk-sizecabinets.Themainadvantageoflaserprint-ingisthatitcanproduceextremelyhigh-resolutiongraphicsatlight-ningspeeds.IsawsomesampleprintoutsfromanearlyversionoftheApplelaserprinter.ItseemedtohaveatleastdoubleortripletheresolutionoftheImagewriterprinter.However,Istilldidn’tconsideritacceptableasletter-qualityprinting.ButperhapsApplewilldevelopthetechnologyfurther;someoftheexpensivelaserprintersproducecopythatisnear-Thenumerickeypadlookslikeitsmotherkeyboardlyindistinguishablefromtypewrit-ingortypesetting.Becausetheproductisstillinde-velopment,Appleisn’tmakinganyofficialcomments,butseemstobetargetingtohavetheprinterreadytowardtheendofthisyear.Colorprinting.TheMacintoshsystemsoftwarehasthelogicbuiltintoittohandlecolorprinting.TherearerumorsthatApplemaybeconsideringmarketingacolorink-jetprinterandapplicationsoftwaretoexploitthiscapability._J.R.MARCH/APRIL198445
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NOWTHEREARETWOWAYSTOMAKEdBASEIIATREAT.(ONLYONEISGUARANTEED.)LetAutocodewriteyourprogramsforyou.Forthoseofyouwithnodesiretojointheranksofcomputerprogrammersjusttogetyourworkdone,treatyourselftoAutocode.Autocodeistheeasiest,fastestwaytogetwhatyouwantfromdBaseIl,becauseitgeneratescomplete,highqualityprogramsfromsimpleinstructions.Whetheryou'readBaseIImasterorjustlearning,you'lllikethewayAutocodewritespowerful,elegantcodewithaminimumofeffort.Andyou'llappreciatethefactthatAutocode,unlikeslower,lesscapableprogramgenerators,supportssophisticateddBaseIIfeatureslikeon-screencalcula-tionsandmulti-tieredcriteriaforreportgeneration.dBaseIlisaregisteredtrademarkofAshton-Tate,‘Autocode1isatrademarkofStemmosLtd.Evenifyou’reanexperiencedprogrammer,theconsis-tentqualityofAutocode’sprogramswillwinyouover.UseAutocodewithoutrisk.Giveitatry.Foronly$195.00,yougettheunabridgedAutocodediskandourconcise,entertain-ing,clearlywrittenmanual.We'resosureyou'lllikethesimplicityofAutocode’seasytousemenu-drivenoperation,theonlyriskisthatyou'llnevergobacktodBaseIlalone.Soforatasteofthebestthingthat’severhappenedtodBaseIl,tryAutocode.Contactyourdealer,orcalltoll-free800-262-8800or(415)777-3800.OrwriteAxelJohnsonCorporation,666HowardSt.,SanFrancisco,California94105.3AmemberoftheAxelJohnsonGroup.DENISECARUSOReporterailgraminvitationscalleditthe‘annualshareholder’smeet-ing,”butwhatAppleComput-erreallyheldonTuesday,January24,varazzle-dazzle,multimediaexpositionfortheunveilingofitsnewbaby,theMacintosh.TheFlintCenteratDeAnzaCollegeinJobsdisplayedmorethanhis_usuallackofmodestywhileactingasemceeforthemeeting.Cupertino,California,wasfilledtocapacitywithnearly3,000sha¥eholdersandpressfortheMidebut.showingtheMacandvariousApplepersonneltalkingaboutthemachine,Poppedinandoutoftheceilingaboveastagedeckedwithpottedpalms.TwohugespeakersblastedoutarecordingofanIreneCarasound-alikegivingarenditionof“WeareApple—WhataFeeling,”whichwasalmostidenticaltoCara’shitsong“Flashdance—WhataFeeling.”AlthoughthestaffofmanypublicationshadalreadyseenthemachineandhadorchestratedtheircoveragetocoincidewithApple’sreleaseofthemachine(SeeInfoWorld,February13),thenewsmediawasinfullregalia.InadditiontotheannouncementoftheMacandfournewLisaproducts,Apple'schairman,StevenJobs,anditspresident,JohnSculley,alsointroducedauniversityconsortiumcomprisedof24majorAme:canuniversities,andbigwigsfromsofwareandhardwarecompaniesannouncedproductsupportforthenew,32-bitproducts.Asignificanthardware-supportan-nouncementcamefromMartinAlpert,psoffMacIt’sshowtimeasAppletakesthewraMembersoftheMacintoshdevelopmentteamareallsmilesafterthemachinewasunveiledatthecompany'sannualstockholders’meeting.Fromlefttoright:RonySebok,BurrellSmith,StevenJobs,JoannaHofman,MaryAtkinson(wifeofBillAtkinson,atlowerleft)andAndyHertzfeld.presidentofTecmar,ofCleveland,Ohio,whosaidthathiscompanywillbesellingaremovable,5-megabyteWinchestercar-tridge,calledAppleJack,fortheMacin-tosh,Alpertalsoannouncedacombinationtelephone/modeminterface,calledAppleFritter,thatusestheMac’sRS-232port,extraserialportsandanIEE488portforindustrialuses.ThemostvisiblesoftwaresupportcamefromMicrosoft’schairman,WilliamGates,whodiscussedthesharedfutureofMacintoshandMicrosoft.“Ithinkit’ssayingsomethingthatthecreatorsofMS-DOSaresoenthusedaboutthisnewmachine,”’hesaid.MicrosoftwastheonlysoftwarecompanythathadaproductreadyforshippingatthetimetheMacintoshwasreleased.Itsadvancedspreadsheetprogram,Multiplan,isal-ready“‘indealers’hands,”accordingtoGates,asisMicrosoftBasic.GatessaidthatMicrosoftwillreleasefiling,word-processingandchartingprogramssoon.ManyothermajorsoftwarecompaniesaresupportingtheMacwithproductsaswell.Thestar-studdedlistincludesAsh-ton-Tate,DigitalResearch,LivingVideotext,LotusDevelopment,SoftwarePublishingandSorcim.Appleclaimsthat73othercompaniesalreadyhaveMacin-toshproductsindevelopmentstagesTheMacintoshhaddefinitelyarrived—kitscontaininginformationforthepressweighedinat2Ibs.11.9oz,andcontainedaMacintoshT-shirtandeverytidbitofinformationthatanyonecouldpossiblyeverwanttoknowaboutApple,Macintoshand/orLisa.Jobs,wearingatuxedoandabowtie,displayedmorethanhisusuallackofmodestywhileactingasemceefortheelaborate,highlytheatricalInfoWorldFebruary20,198413
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chairmanBillGatesholdsupcopyyftBasic,oneofseveralpackagesthefirmwillbeofferingfortheMacintoshNEWpresentationoftheMacandtherevamped“family”of32-bitLisaproducts.Jobswasn’ttheonlyonebeingtheatri-cal.TheMacitself,whenfinallyletoutofitscanvasbag,reallystoletheshow,Avideocameradisplayedthecrispgraphicsoftheblack-and-whiteMacmonitoronalargeoverheadscreenasJobsputitthroughitspaces.Itspelleditsname.inrollinghorizontallettersandshowedoffitssuperbcharacterfontsandgraphicscapabilities.JobsthenlettheMactalk—andinastrong,syntheticvoice,thecomputercrackedafewjokesandendedwithapartingshotatIBM’sbigmain-framecomputers,“Nevertrustacomput-eryoucan’tlift.”AlthoughAppleissayingitisn’tcompetingwithIBMwithitsnewprod-ucts,Jobscouldn’tresistgivinghisownversionofrecentIBMhistory:“Ttis1958,”thechairmanbegansonorously.“IBMpassesupthechancetobuyasmallcompanythathasperfectedanewmethodcalledXerography,discount-ingthetechnologyas‘unimportant.’[Theaudiencebeginstochuckle.]Nowitis1968.IBMdismissesDigitalEquipment’sminicomputerascompetition,sayingitscomputersaretoosmalltodorealcomputing.[Theaudiencechucklesabitmorevigorously.]Now,itis1978.AppleComputerreleasesthepersonalcomputerasweknowittoday.IBMdismisseditastoosmalltodorealcomputing.In1981,IBMcameoutwithitsownpersonalcomputer...Nowit’s1984.IBMwantsitall![Theaudiencebreaksintohystericalcheersandlaughter.]’”WhetherBigBluedoesendup“gettingitall,”thisdayinmicrocomputerhistorybelongedtoAppleryIBMshipsjr,announcesnewsupportservicesBYJIMBARTIMOSeniorWriterntheverydaythatAppleannouncedtheMacintoshtoitsshareholders,IBMannouncedithasbeenshippingthePCjrtodealerssinceJanuary13.Alsoannouncedwastheshippingofadozensoftwareproducts,afreeservicefornewPCjrownersanda$380supportserviceforusersoftheIBMPersonalComputerIBM’sannouncementfollowsrumorsthatIBMhadalreadybeenshippingtenunitstoeachdealerearlierinthemonth.Theannouncementalsofollowsthelaunchingofareported$40millionadcampaignforthePCjr,whichbeganwithtelevisionadsonSuperbowlSunday.IBMsaidinitsannouncementthatinitialsuppliesofthePCjrandrelatedsoftwarewillbelimitedandmaynotmeetexpecteddemands.“ThedelayingfactormaybetheIntel8088availability,”saidJackHartofInternationalDataCorporation.“IBMdoesn’twanttobuildtoomanyPCjrsbecausethatwilltakeawayfromthePC.TheyknowwhatthedemandisforthePC—theydon’tknowwhatthedemandisforthePCjr.”DealerscontactedbyInfoworldsaidtherewerestillnoPCjrsavailabletotakehome.AmongthedealerscontactedwastheIBMProductCenterinBostonweresalespersonnelhad“noideawhenthePCjrwillbeavailable.”AccordingtoanIBMspokesperson,“It’spossiblethatanyunitsshippedarealreadysoldout.”Anotherreasonfordealers’ignoranceoftheshipmentmaybethatIBMdoesnotshipdirectlytodealers.“‘We’veshippedthroughourchannelssuchasComputer-Land’scorporatewarehouse.Fromthere,theunitsareshippedtodealers,”theIBMspokespersonsaid.Asexpected,anoutpouringofsoftaccompaniedthenewsoftheP(shippingdate.Fourgamecartridgeswerereleased:Mouser,ScubaVenture,MineShaftandCrossfire.HomeWord,aneasy-to-useword-processingpackagefromSi-erraOn-line,PCCommunicationsManagerforusewithamodemandHomeBudgetjrforhouseholdaccountingwerealsoreleased,accordingtothecompany.PCirversionsofsoftwareavailableontheIBMPCsuchasEasyWriter,PFS:FileandPFS:Reportwereshipped,alongwithationalgames.Inanunanticipatedmove,IBMalsoannouncedtwocustomertelephone-sup-portservices.Thefirst,thePCjrInforma-tionCenter,isahotlineforquestionsongettingstartedwiththePCjrandoperatesweekdaysfrom10A.M.-7P.M.EST.Thetoll-freenumberis1-800-:257.TheIBMPersonalComputerSoftwareSupportCenterforIBMPCuserswillcharge$380forseven“‘singletopic”phonecallstoatoll-freenumberwithinlimitedgeographicareas.Inadditiontoprovidingtechnicalassistanceoncertainsoftwareproducts,thepilotprojectwillalsosupplyamonthlynewsletter.ThesoftwaresupportcenterbeganoperationthefirstofthismonthandwillcontinueuntilJanuary31,1985.EnrollmentwillbeopenuntilJune29,1984.eAccountingfirmorders2,500MacsforitsauditorsBYMARGUERITEZIENTARASeniorWritereat,Marwick,Mitchell&Compa-ny,oneofthelargestaccountingfirmsintheU,hasordered2,500AppleMacintoshesforusebyitsteamof7,000staffauditors,whoarebasedin97officesaroundthecountry.Byplacingtheorder,theNewYork-basedcompanywillbecomethefirstmajorU.S.firmtousemicrocomputerson-siteforallitsaudits.Althoughtheothermajoraccountingfirmsarealsoontheautoma-tionbandwagon,theytrailconsiderablyintermsofvolumeandschedulesformicro-computeruse.“Ourclientsexpectthelatesttechnol-ogy,and,increasingly,staffmembersrequireit,”saidJohnCollins,aPeat,Marwickpartnerwhoisinchargeofaudit,long-rangeplanningandresearch.“It’sgoingtoresultinimprovedproductivityandbetter-qualityaudits.”Thecompany14February20,1984InfoWorldconductsabout18,000separateauditsperyear;severalmaybeforasinglecompany.AsapreludetoitsuseoftheMacintosh,Peat,Marwick’sauditdepart-menthasbeenusingmorethan400AppleIllsforthepast15months.‘Westartedonthatbasisin-ordertomakecertainwewereheadeddowntherightroadintermsofthesupportweweregivenandintermsofpeople’scomfortlevelwiththepropri-etarysoftwarethatwehaddeveloped,”Collinssaid.Furthermore,Peat,Marwickwasal-lowedtohavedetailedinformationabouttheMacintoshbeforeitsrecentintroduc-tionand,infact,hasbeenusingnineoftheMacs“underlockandkey”forthepurposeofsoftwaredevelopmentforoverayear.Thefirmestimatesthatitwillmakea10%timesavingperauditifitreplacespaper,pencilanderaserwithimmediatelyupdatableandadjustableelectronicdata.“Nowyoucanputaccountnamesinonce,prioryear’snumbersinonceandthisyear’snumbersinonce,andwhenyoukeyintheadjustment,alltheaccountsthatneeditwillbeupdated,”saidCollins.TheMacintosheswillalsoletthefirmaccessinformationfromaclient’smain-framecomputer,bytyingintoPeat,Marwick’sinternallydevelopedSystem2190generalized-auditsoftware,whichcanbeloadedontothemainframe.“ThenwecanwriteaprogramontheMac,sendtheprogramtothemainframe,instructittocarryoutcertaincalculationsandtestsandsendtheresultsbackdowntotheMac,”Collinsexplained.“Inthepastwewouldhavehadtogototheclient’sdatacentertodothis.””Willautomationlowertherisingcostsofauditingforcustomers?‘‘Wedon’texpectourauditingfeestoactuallybelessthanbefore,”Collinsnoted,“‘buttheywillbelessthantheywouldotherwisebeforexpandingfirms.Automationwillletusspendmoretimeonthemoresubstantiveareasofanaudit.””Whenthecompanydecidedtoauto-mate,inthefallof1982,itlookedatabout28typesofmicrocomputersandrapidlynarroweditschoicetoIBM,Hewlett-Packard,Xerox,DirectandApple.ThecompanychosetheAppleIIIsolelyonthestrengthofApple’sconfidentialpromiseoftheMacintosh.“TheAppleIIIisanicemachine,butweknewitwasn’twhatwewantedinverylargenumbersbecauseitwasn’tportableanddidn’thaveenoughspeedorcapacity,”Collinsexplained.ThefirsthalfofPeat,Marwick’sorderisslatedtobedeliveredonMay1,withthenext25%byJuly1andtheremaining25%bySeptember1.“WehopetohaveeveryonetrainedbynextJanuary,whichisthestartofthebusytaxandannual-auditseason,”saidCollins.eNEWSMobilerobotsscheduledfortestingasprisonguardsBYBARBARAWIERZBICKIReporterobotscouldbepullingguarddutyRinsomeofthenation’smedium-securityprisonsby1985.Den-ningMobileRoboticsofWoburn,Massachusetts,hasreportedlyagreedtosupplySouthernSteelCompany,thenation’slargestmanufacturerofdetentionequipment,withabout200robotsayearforfivsbeginningin1985.Costingaround$30,000each,the4-foot,200-poundmobilerobotswillbeusedtoaugmenthumanguardsandperformdutiesthataredangerousorboring,suchaspatrollingprisoncorridorsatnight.Themobilerobot,stillindevelopmen-talstages,hasa“brain”—two32-bitmicrochipsencasedinabulletproofcage—thatletsitknowifitismalfunctioningandthenenablesittoreportbacktoahumanguard.Theautomatonwillbeoutfittedwithinfraredandultrasonicsensorsthatcandetecthumanodors.Itcanmoveatfivemilesperhourandsurvey150feetintwodirections.Upondiscover-ingaprisonerinanunauthorizedarea,itwilldeclare,“Youhavebeendetected.Wouldyoupleasereturntoyourcell?”Therobotwillcarrynoweaponsbutitwillbeabletowithstandsomepunish-ment,accordingtoDenningvice-presidentBenWellington.Forinstance,somero-bots,equippedwithclose-circuittelevisioncamerasandtwo-wayradios,couldbeusedon“suicidemissions.”DuringaPrototypeofthenewprisonrobotwiththebulletproofbrainprisonriot,theserobotscouldtransmitsoundandpictures“foraslongastheysurvive,”saidWellington.Therobots,slatedtobefieldtestedinSeptemberatseveralprisonsites,havereceivedpositivereactionsfromprisonguardunions,accordingtoWellington.“Themoveinprisondesigntowardamoreresidentialsettingcreatesapotentiallydangeroussituationforunderstaffedcor-rectionalinstitutions,”saidWellington,whobelievesthatusingrobotstosupple-mentguarddutiescouldensurethatprisonsareadequatelystaffedandsafe.@ApplelinesupsalesoftheMactouniversitiesBYDENISECARUSOReporterheAppleUniversityConsortium(AUC),whichconsistsof24majorAmericanuniversities,expectstomakehomesfor50,000Macintoshcom-putersonitscampusesbytheendof1984.Appleclaimsthatmorethan$60.millionincommitmentshavebeenmadebytheuniversities.AUCmemberschoolsareexpectedtoeachpurchase$2millionofAppleproductsatvaryingdiscountsoverathree-yearperiod.Theplanisforstudentsandfacultytousethecomputersfordevelopingcurricu-lumandnewapplications.Eachuniversityisrequiredtodevelopinstructionalsoft-wareonApplecomputersandtomeetregularlywithotherAUCmembers.Joiningtheconsortiumgaveparticipat-inguniversitiestheopportunitytopur-chaseMacintoshcomputersforsignifi-cantlylessthanthe$2,495retailprice,Applerefusestosayhowmuchless;somesourcesclaimdealersarealreadyupsetbythebigsalestouniversities,believingthecompanyiscuttingintotheirprofits.AccordingtoApple’spresidentJohnSculley,Applehasmorethan70%oftheInfoWorldFebruary20,198417
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IE_____OOKindergartenthrough12thgrademarket.Nowitwillbepenetratingdeeplyintoenemyterritory:IBMbegantappingthecollegeanduniversitymarketsomeyearsago.Lucrativeoffersarebeingmadeonbothsidesasthecollege-dealraceesca-lates.ManyuniversitiesaremakingdealswithIBM,AppleandmajorcomputerfirmssuchasDigitalEquipment.Forexample,Carnegie-MellonUniversity(CMU)isamemberofAUCandhasalreadybought‘‘acoupleofhundredMacintoshes”fromApple,accordingtoCMUspokespersonDonHale.CMUalsohasa$20millioncontractwithIBMtodesignandbuildanewmicrocomputerthatwilleventuallybeutilizedcampuswide.Haleseesnoconflictofinterestindealingwithbothcompanies,“Thisisgoingtobeacompetitivesituation.Ithinkit’sgreat,withApplenexttoIBM.They'retheoppositeendsofthecorporatespectrum.We'resoearlyinthiswholefieldofeducationalcomputing,it’ssonew,thatmostofyourtopcollegeadministratorsdon’twanttoputalltheireggsinonebasket,”saidHale.“Theydon’twanttobankonsomeonewhomaynotdevelopthekindofMacintoshsoft-warethatwouldbemosteffective.”Bytheendofthedecade,CMUhopestonetwork10,000personalcomputersofallkindsoncampus.“LotsofschoolswhoareAppleconsortiummemberswillbeheretoo,”Halesaid,referringtotheCarnegieFoundationgrantof$1.06millionthatfundedtheCMU’sowngroup,the15-schoolInteruniversityConsortiumtionalComputing.sitiesparticipatinginAUCare:BostonCollege,Brigham-YoungUniversi-ty,BrownUniversity,Carnegie-MellonUniversity,CityUniversityofNewYork,ColumbiaUniversity,CornellUniversity,DartmouthCollege,DrexelUniversity,HarvardUniversity,NorthwesternUni-versity,PrincetonUniversity,ReedCol-lege,RiceUniversity,StanfordUniversity,UniversityofChicago,Univer-sityofMichigan,UniversityofNotreDame,UniversityofPennsylvania,Uni-ofRochester,UniversityofUtah,UniversityofWashingtonandYaleUniversity.eOverflowcrowdleavesAppleshareholdersoutsideBYDENISECARUSOANDPEGGYWATTReportersheMacintoshannouncementwas,ofcourse,thereasonwhyso.manyPeoplecametoApple’sannualstockholders’meetinginCupertino,Cali-fornia.Butthingsweren'tallpeachesandcreamonwhatwasmeanttobethehappiestofdaysforthoseinvolvedwiththeproduct’srelease.Agroupofshareholdersrepresentingaboutamillionsharesofstockwereunabletogetinsidethecrowdedauditoriumforthe10A.M.meetingbecauseitwasfilledby9:45A.M.Nearly200peoplewereleftoutsideDeAnzaCollege’sFlintCenter,li:eningtothepresentationonapublic-addresssystem.DespiteApple-vice-presidentAl-bertEisenstat’sapologiesandpromiseofavideorepeatoftheprogram“inthebiggestplacewecanfind,”34stockhold-erssignedapetitionaskingtheSecuritiesExchangeCommissiontodeclarethemeetinginvalid,“There’sameetinggoingon,andIcan'tgetinsidetocastmyvote,”protestedArcherJohnsonofSunnyvale,California,whosaidheholds100sharesofApple.“Ifyouownstock,whywouldyoufightyourowncompany?”askedDonSpicerofPaloAlto,California.Hesaidhewasdisappointedtobeleftoutsidehisfirstshareholders’meetingbutnotupsetenoughtochallengethemeeting'slegality.“Weneverexpectedacrowdlikethis,”Eisenstathurriedlytoldthemillingstock-holders.WilliamGustII,aninvestorsinceApple'sdaysasaprivatecompanyandholderof135,000shares,whosaidthathehadtraveledfromBaltimore,Maryland,atoseetheMacintosh,”wasleftstandinginthesunshine.Hequietlyshowedhisbusinesscard\toasurprisedEisenstatandpassedittothepetitioners.“ForallIknow,halfthestudentbodyofDeAnzaCollegeareinthere,”saidEdwardIsenberg,whogatheredpetitionsignaturesfromthedisgruntledstockhold-ers.“Theissueiswhytheyallowednonstockholdersinwhilestockholdersareouthere.”IsenbergsaidhemeansnoillwilltowardApple,buthefeelsstockhold-ershavetherighttoexpressdissatisfac-tionwithbeingleftoutoftheevent.SeveralbystandersgrumbledaboutthepresscorpsandtheAppleemployees,manyofwhomarestockholders,whosatinsidewhiletheystoodoutside.“Theyshould’veletWozrunit.Heaccommodatedaquarterofamillionpeople,”saidLewMelnykofCupertino,referringtoApplecofounderSteveWozniak’ssponsorshipofthemassiveUSFestivalrockconcerts,whichhavebeenheldduringthepasttwosummers.Despitetheproblemsoutside,stock-holdersintheauditoriumconductedbusinessthat,amongotherthings,result-edintheapprovalof7millionmoresharesofApplestockforsale,increasingApple’stotalavailablestockto12millionshares.Apple’spresident,JohnSculley,saidthatApplehadnolong-termdebt,astatementthathebelievednootherFortune500companycouldmake.Thecompanyisalsoincreasingitsadvertisingbudgetby92%anditsbudgetforresearchanddevelopmentby58%.eMicroProfileswithSECforinitialpubliicroProInternationalofSanRafael,California,recentlyfiledwiththeSecuritiesandExchangeCommissionforitsinitialpublicofferingof2.5millionsharesofcommonstock.Thecompanyplanstosell1.5millionshares,andshareholderswillsellanother1milliontogiveaninitialcombinationof2.5millionsharesofcommonstock,expectedtobepricedbetween$11and$13each.Theoffering,expectedtobemadeinMarch,isbeingunderwrittenbyaninternationalsyndicatemanagedbyLeh-cofferingmanBrothersKuhnLoeb,Inc.HuttonandF.Eberstadt&Compan:MicroProwillinitiallyusetheproceedsasgeneralworkingcapital,accordingtocompanyspokespersonTomHacker.Itwillsubsequentlyusethefundstofinanceproductresearchanddevelopment,toexpandthecompany’sdomesticandinter-nationalmarketsand,accordingtoHack-er,toconsideracquiringfutureproducts.MicroPro,establishedin1979,isaleadingsupplierofapplicationsoftwareandisbestknownforitspopularword-processingprogram,WordStar.ryBarInfoWorldFebruai10,198419
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Clapp-TrappBYDOUGCLAPPContributingEditorandomjottings:TurboPascal,forunder$50,seemstobeforreal.It’ssmall,it’sfast,it’scheap.UnlikeJRTPascal,whichdidn’tworkverywell,TurboPascalworksverywellindeed;friendswhoknowPascalsaythatthisone’shot.Now,whenwillInfoWorldreviewit?I'vereceivedlotsoflettersrecentlyrailingatacommentImadetotheeffectthatTandymakestheworstmicros.Thatwassloppywritingonmypart;whatImeanttosaywasthat“theTRS-80ModelIwastheworstmicro.””Andyes,IdidownaModelI,I’membarrassedtoadmit.ButmyapologiestoTandyusers;manyoftheTandymachinesarefine.Now,nomoreletters,alright?Columnsthatpeoplewanttosee:“Whydon’tyouwriteaboutthefactthatcomputersaren'treallygoodforanythingimportant?”Themagazinesarefullofadsfornetworking,right?Harddisksandlotsofcablesofferedbylotsofcompanies,right?Soyou'dthinkthatthecomputermaga-zinesareallnetworkedup,right?You'vegottobekidding.InfoWorld’stheonlyexceptionIknowof,buttheydon’tnetworkmicros,Instead,they'vegotasix-figureminicomputer,andallthestaffershaveterminalsontheirdesks!Thefewthatdohavemicroshavetofittheminalongsidetheterminal,somehow.WhatDougClappwaslongagoseducedbycomputersandhasbeentryingtomakealivingfromthemeversince.Hisworkhasappearedinnumerousstuffycomputerperiodicals.IfyouwanttocorrespondwithDougdirectly,writetothefollowingaddresss:620StuartAvenue,Crookston,MN56716.happenedtothe.microcomputerrevolu-tion?Ironystrikesagain.Howaboutthecomputercompanies?Theymustbeallnetworkedtogether,right?Nope.AtApple,everybodyhasApples,butnobodyishookeduptoanybodyelse.WhathappenedtoApplebus?Apple,itAppleiswaitingforIBMtobringoutalocal-areanetworkandwillthenconformtoit.admits,iswaitingforIBMtobringoutalo-cal-areanetwork.ApplewillthenconformtotheIBMscheme.Awise,humbleandcraftymovebyApple.JohnSculleylooksbetterallthetime.TheonlyexceptionisXerox.Xeroxdoesthisstuffright:everybody'smachineishookedintoeverybodyelse’smachine.I'mrunninglowhere.TimetocallAdamOsborne,Iguess.Likeyou,I'venevercalledAdamOsborne.‘Timepasses...Well,Ihadanicechat,thoughAdamwouldn’tdivulgemuch.Hewouldadmittobeinginvolvedina“softwareandventure-capital”arrangement.Morequotes:“Theamountofabso-lutelysuperbsoftwarethat’savailablefromunknownsourcesisabsolutelymind-boggling,althoughyouhavetowadethroughalotofjunktofindit,”And:“Ididn’tunderstandjusthowvirginthis[software]industrywasuntilIgotintoit.It’sincrediblehowinefficientandbackwardsomeofthesoftwareis!”AccordingtoOsborne,wehave“‘averyterrifiedbusinessenvironmentwherelargercompaniesarescaredtodeath”aboutwhatsoftwaretobuyandhowtousethatsoftware.Asaresult,“I'vecometotheconclusionthatgoldislyingaroundandsomebodyshouldstartpickingitup.”That’stheAdamOsborneweallknowandDoesanyoneusenets?love,right?Whataboutthecurrentbigsellers?“Whentheycameouttheywereexcellentproducts.Buttheeaseofuseisterrible!ItbogglesmymindthatdBaseIIisstillsopopular.Ifyouwanttochangeyourfiles,it’sreallyapaininthebutt!”WhatwillOsborneetalmarket?Hewouldn’tsay(naturally:whyannounceanythinginthiscolumn?),butdidnotethatthey“won'ttouchapieceofhardwareunlessithasaleastahalf-millioninstalledbase.”ThatprecludesCP/Mmachines,accordingtoOsborne,butincludesMS-DOSandApples.WhendowefindoutOsborne’splans?“TheWestCoastComputerFaire.AndnowI'vegottorun,gotaboardmeeting.”Itwasatiringconversation.It’sincrediblyeasytohackupotherpeople’sproducts.Ishouldknow.Somuchforitivestigativereporting.Maybeyoucan.dobetter.Lotuswillunveilitsnew:1-2-3thismonthinNewYork,andit’sgoingtobeakiller.Ifyoulikethepresent1-2-3,thenewionwillknockyouout:fullwordprocessing,moresophisticateddata-basemanagementandmore,butIpromisedChrisMorganIwouldn’ttellall,Let'shopethatLotusdoesn’toverpricethepackage.Nowanswerthis:whatwouldyoudoifyouheadedDigitalResearch,acompanythat'sbeingthumpedandbatteredbyMicrosoft?IaskedthisquestionofatopguyatMicrosoft,andtheanswerwassurprising:“Theyshouldcometous.Ithinkwecouldprobablyworksomethingout.”Don’ttakethattomeancollusion:theintentseemedtobethatMicrosoftwaswillingtoconsiderrapprochement.Maybeevenmerger?God,whatapowerhousethatwouldmake!MaybeKildallGates,Inc.,isn’tsofar-fetched?(GatesResearch?MicroGiant?)MylastJohnDvorakimitation(1promise):justreturnedfromApple’sblow-outpartythatfolloweditsshareholder’smeeting.Goodchampagne,strawberriesdippedinchocolate,goodrockand,bestofall,SusanKareoutfittedasthewomaninApple’s1984commercial.Sexistbuttrue.Itwaswellworththetrip.®TUESDAYFEBRUARY21,198420February20,1984InfoWorldMacintoshWoosProgrammersAppleComputer,respondingtowhatitsaysisa“‘phenomenal’’outpouringofsupportfromthird-partysoftwaredevelopersforthenewMacintoshsystem,ishostingaApple’sMacintoshseriesoftechnicalseminarshere,designedtobringanevenwidercircleofpotentialprogrammersintothemicro’smarketingfold.Continuedonpage10|MACINTOSHContinuedfrompage1AccordingtoSteveRowe,direc-|torofexternaldevelopmentfortheMacintosh,Applehasbeengettingmorethan150callsadayfromprospectiveperipheralsandpro-|gramdesignerswhorequirefurtherinformationaboutthecomputer’sinnardsbeforetheycanproceedwithnewproductplans.ThemanufacturersaysitwillsponsorthreestructuredtechnicalsessionsadayduringallthreeshowdayswhichwillcoverApple’smarketingplansfortheMac,aswellasforitsnew32-bitmicroseriesbasedontheLisa,andanin-troductorytechnicaldiscussion.Althoughover100third-partysoftwarepackagersreceivedpro-totypeMacintoshesbeforethemachine’sformalintroductionlastmonth,Rowesaysthere’sbeennolet-upinthenumberofnewdesignersflockingtoApplefor|technicalinformationandmarketingguidance.“‘There’sanevenlargermarket|developingforthird-partyLisaandMacintoshproductsthanweoriginallyenvisioned,”hestates,notingthattheslewofnewitemsshouldleadtogreaterconsumerbuyingconfidenceinthelatestgenerationsystems.OntheSoftconshowfloor,morethan200Apple-compatiblepro-gramsandperipheralsarebeingdemonstrated,over30aloneonex-hibitatApple’sbooth.ThathasledsomeindustryanalyststodubSoft-conan“‘Apple’’show,despitetheomnipresenceofIBM.JeanYates,ananalystwithYatesVenturesinPaloAlto,CA,believesthecompanyhasagoodchancetomakesomepointsagainstIBMbythestill-unsaturatedofficedesktopmarketcurrentlyestimatedtobeworthmorethan$3billionannual-ly.Yatesprojects350,000Macintoshunitswillbeshippedthisyear,with79percentgoingtobusiness.C]
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MakeitEasy,SaysJobsIfpersonalcomputersdon’tbe-come“radicallymoreeasytouse,thevastmajorityofofficeworkersandcollegestudentsinNorthAmericawon’tbuythem,”saidApplechairmanSteveJobsinhiskeynoteaddressyesterday.:ApplechiefStevenJobsJobsnoteditnowtakes20to40hoursforanaveragecomputerusertomasterasoftwareprogram.“Theearlyinnovators,thepeoplewhobuyfirst,willputupwiththis,butthemajorityofthe25millionknowledgeworkersinNorthAmericawillnot,Jobssaid.3Continuedonpage100WEDNESDAYJOBSConsinuedfrompage1Drawingananalogybetweenthepersonalcomputerandthetelegraph,Jobssaidthetelegraphhadlimitedacceptancebecauseitrequiredtheusertoknowaspeciallanguage.“Andpeoplearenotgoingtowadethrough400pagesofdocumentationforawordprocessingprogramanymorethantheylearnedMorsecode,Jobssaid.Thetelephone,thefirstdesktopappliance,representedabreak-throughintechnologybecauseitwasuniversallyeasytouse,saidJobs.Computertechnologymustachieveasimilarbreakthroughifthecomputeristobecome“theseconddesktopappliancein100years.”FEBRUARY22,1984bySuzanD.PrincetsnoaccidentthatApplehasbroughtyoungMacintoshtomarketloadedwiththird-partysoftwarecommitments,someofwhichhavealreadybeguntoenterretailchannelsinplentyoftimeforthenewsystem’snationalrollout.Themanufacturerismerelyrepeatingthestrategythatlauncheditssuccesssomeeightornineyearsago,whentinyApplewasaloneinthefieldwithitsveryfirstmodel.Atthattimethecompanyopenlyencouragedindependentstotakeagoodlookunderitsmachine’shood,andthengavethemfreereintocreateasmanysoftwarepro-gramsastheycouldsell—allatfullprofittothedeveloper,andwithnocopyrightpenaltiesorroyaltyfees.BushelofAppleWareThistime,however,Appleisnotaloneontheshelf.Rather,theopendevelopmentpolicyforMacintoshhasbecomepartofafierceDavid-Goliathfightforpreciousretailshelf-space—andultimately,sur-vival—beingwagedbyAppleagainstIBM.Thatthefirmhasreceivedtheunbridledenthusiasmandsupportofmorethan100soft-warepublishers,however,appearstobodewellforthefutureofbothAppleandtheMacintosh.If,asApplechairmanSteveJobshopes,theMacbecomesa“‘thirdstandard’’afterIBM’sPersonalComputerandAppleII,thesesup-Portiveproducerswillreapahugechunkofasoftwaremarketplacethatcouldtotal$12billionannuallyby1988,accordingtosomeesti-mates.Suchlongtermrewards,theymaintain,makedivertingvaluabledevelopmentresourcesfromshort-term‘‘surebets”’towhatises-sentiallyanunknownentitywellworththerisk.Publisherssaythislatestgenera-tion,withbuilt-inwindowing,pull-downmenus,andotherhuman-orientedfeaturestiedtogetherbyahandheldmouse,offerstargetusersj-PartyMacWareinourfine.Yourpeopletamarketing.Iwantedto.Clipboore»Zapata!thehottestseltingall-sportsnoeYoucanreadtheattached143-pagereportatreallygivesyoueverythingyouneedtoknow:ApplePressingForYourleisure,butthisSampleofApple’sownMacintoshsoftware.themostnaturalwayyetdevisedtointeractwithacomputer.Themachine’sdesignisexpectedtohelpbreakdownthefinal‘fearbarriers”anathematomassmarkethardwaregrowth.“Macintoshismuchmorenatural,intuitiveandinlinewithhowpeoplethinkandwork,”’com-mentsMitchellKapor,presidentofLotusDevelopmentCorp.,whichpublishesthepopular1,2,3in-tegratedbusinessprogram.‘‘Mac-intoshsetsawholenewstandard,andwewantbothourcurrentandfutureproductstotakeadvantageofthis.”LotusAndBigMacLotusisshowingitsMacintoshversionof1,2,3hereatSoftcon,alongwithMicrosoft,whichisdisplayingitsnewfulllineofbusinessapplications,alltailoredtothe“BigMac,”’assomeproducershavefondlynicknamedtheunit.“WearecommittedtoprovidingsoftwarethattakesfulladvantageofallthepowerandfeaturesoftheMacintosh,”’saysBillGates,Micro-softchairman.‘‘Weanticipatethatasmuchasone-halfofour1984and1985applicationprogramrevenuescouldcomefromsalesofMicrosoft’sMacintoshprograms.””CurrentlyavailableforMacintoshthroughAppledealers,Gatessays,areMicrosoft’sMultiplan,pricedat$195,andBASIC,retailingfor$150.MicrosoftChart($125)willshipnextmonth,whileWordandFile,pricedat$195each,willbecomeavailablenextquarter.BusinessMostoftheMacintoshactionattheshow,includingthebiggestproductnews,isinfacthappeninginthebusinesssegmentbecauseApplehasaimeditsnewmachinesprimarilyatthenation’s25million“knowledgeworkers,”’onlyfivePercentofwhomarecurrentlyworkingwithpersonalcomputers.“Whattheseusersneedisalow-costtooltohelpthemsolveprob-lemsandimprovetheirdailypro-ductivity,”Jobsnotedinapre-paredstatement.“‘Thetoolmustnotforcethemtochangehowtheydotheirjobsanditmustnotforcethemtolearnnewskills.WithMacintosh,thecomputerbecomesanaidtospontaneityandoriginali-ty,notanobstacle.’’Appleexpectsfully70percentofMacintoshbuyerstocomefrombusinesses—large,mediumandsmall—in1984,withsecondarymarketsineducation,toaccountfor20percentofusers,andhome,fortheremaining10percent.AllSOFTCONSHOWDAILY68FEBRUARY23,1984
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together,includingthreeprograms,MacPaint,MacWriteandMac-PascalthatApplehasitselfdevel-opedforthecomputer’sinitiallaunch,themanufacturerexpectsthatover500Programs,90percentofthemmarketedbythirdParties,willbeavailablebyyear-endtospurMacintoshpurchases.BesidesLotusDevelopmentandMicrosoft,othertopbusinesssup-pliersincludeContinentalSoftware,whichhasconverteditspopularHomeAccountantandotherfinan-cialandproductivitypackages,andSoftwarePublishingCorp.,whichhasdevoted50percentofitsre-searchanddevelopmentresourcestoadaptitsbestsellingpfsseriestotheMacintosh.“Theprogramswilltakeadvan-tageofApple’slatesttechnologicaldevelopments,”saysFredGibbons,presidentofSoftwarePublishing.“‘Ifyouweretoputmachine‘X°onthetableandaMacintoshbesideit,andthenputpfssoftwareonbothmachines—wethinkMacin-tosh’sbenefitswouldbeprettyob-vious.”Thefirsttwoconversions,pfs:Fileandpfs:Report,willbeavailabletodealersinthesecondquarter,accordingtoGibbons,atasuggestedretailpriceintheneighborhoodof$100each.TargetingthesecondaryMacin-toshmarkets,educationpublishersaredevelopingapplicationsinabroadrangeofcategories,includinganewemphasisonadult-orientedinterests.CBSSoftware,forexam-ple,involvedinservingalargespectrumofagegroupsfrompre-schoolerstoretirees,hasreleasedthefirstprograminamanagementskillsseriesfromThoughtware.ManagingForSuccess:PersonalDevelopment,compatiblewithbothAppleandIBMsystems,stepsusersthroughanattitudesassess-mentinventory,andhelpspeoplerealizetheirpersonaldevelopmentpotential,explainsEdAuer,presi-dentofCBSSoftware.“ThemarketgoalatCBSSoft-wareistoprovideatremendousvarietyofsubjectsforabroadrangeofpeople,’’Auersays.“WebelievethatsupportingtheMacintoshwillhelpusachievethisgoalasitsuserbasegrows.’”’AmongotherhomeMACINTOSHREPORTeducationsuppliers,SimonandSchustersaysitwillmarketTypingTutorIIIforthenewApple.Edge-u-WareAdditionally,someproducershaveoptedtocombinebusinessandeducationapplicationsfortheMacinordertoattracttheprimeworkeraudienceaswellashomeusers.HumanEdgeSoftware,forexam-ple,willmakeitsbusinessstrategySeriesavailablelaterthisyear,in-cludingTheSalesEdge,TheMan-agementEdgeandTheNegotiationEdge,whichprovidecustomizedbusinessadviceforindividualsitua-tions,accordingtoDr.JamesJohn-son,president.“Theseinteractiveprogramsasktheuserforinformationabouthimselfandhissituation,andthenProvideastrategythatdescribeshowhecanbestsucceed,””Johnsonexplained.‘‘Now,withtheHumanEdgeprograms,notonlywordandnumberpocessingwillbeavailabletotheMacintoshowner,butalsostrategicandtacticaladviceonhandlingpeople-orientedsitu-ations,”heconcludes.BlueChipSoftwarewillreleasethreebusinesssimulations,eachretailingforabout$60:Millionaire,astockmarketscenario;Tycoon,whichdealswiththecommoditymarketconcept;andBaron,arealestateindustrydepiction.Scar-boroughSystems,too,offersabusinessgame,RunfortheMoney,a$50economicssimulation.Inthepurelyrecreationalcategory,Infocomannounceditwouldmakeavailableitsfulllineoftextadventures,andSir-TechSoft-waresaiditisconvertingitsbest-sellingWizardryfantasyprogramfortheMacintosh.‘Macintoshisnatural,intuitiveandinlinewithhowpeoplethinkandwork.Itsetsawholenewstandard,andwewantourproductstotakead-vantageofthis.’—LotuspresidentMitchellKaporAppleCampaignStirsMacintoshManiabyMarkTrosttbeganwithapromise:‘1984willnotbelike‘1984.’””ThewordsofAppleCom-puter’slavishlyproducedtelevi-sioncommercialputthepubliconnoticethattheMacintoshwascom-ing.Thecontroversialad,whichcostmorethan$500,000toproduceyetranforonlysixdaysonnet-worktelevision,certainlycreatedinterestandexcitementforthenewcomputer,tookaheartyswipeatmaincompetitorIBMandlaidthegroundworkforamarketingpro-gramdesignedtoreachvirtuallyeveryone—businessman,studentandaverageconsumer—seriouslyconsideringthepurchaseofaper-sonalcomputer.AlienAppleForthosewhomissedit,thefuturisticad,directedbyfeaturefilmmakerRidleyScott(responsibleforAlienandBladeRunner),pic-turedhundredsofbald,grey-cladOrwellesqueextrasfilingdownanenormouscorridor,intoahugeauditoriumwherea“‘BigBrother’figureaddressedtheseeminglymindlessthrongfromawall-sizedtelescreen.OnlyasinglefemaleTunner,dressedinApple-redshorts,stoodout—anonconformistinatotalitarianworld.Sledgeham-merinhand,thecolorfulfigureracedintotheroomandswungherhammerforward,shatteringthescreenintoamillionfragments.Thecommercialwasjustthefirstsalvoinanunprecedented$50mil-lionmarketingcampaigndesignedtogeteveryonenotjusttalkingabouttheproduct,butbuyingone.AccordingtoindustryanalystJeanYatesofYatesVenturesinPaloAlto,CA,ifallgoesaccordingtoplan,Applewillmove350,000Macintoshesthisyear,with70per-centofthemodelsgoingtothebusinessmarket,20Percenttocol-legesanduniversitiesand10per-centtohomeusers.“Macintoshisdesignedforthelarge,untappedmarketofprofes-sionals,managersandstudents,”’saysanApplespokesperson.‘“‘Thoseindividualswhotransforminforma-tionandideasintoTeports,plans,budgetsandmemos.Macintoshim-provestheirproductivityandthequalityoftheirwork,butdoessowithouttheirhavingtolearnun-familiarskills.TheMacintoshis,ineffect,adesktopappliance,offeringitsusersincreasedproductivitywithasimple,straightforwarduserinter-face,muchasatelephoneoracalculatordoes.””TargetInordertoreachthetargetgroup—andthesalesgoal—Appleisimmediatelyfollowingupitsin-troductoryadwitha$15million,100-daylongadblitz,whichcom-mencedonABC’sWinterOlympicscoverage.Unliketheteaserspots,theseadsaretraditionalproduct-orientedcommercialsthattakeonTBMhead-to-headratherthanthroughinnuendo.Amongthefiveadsisonecomparingastackofin-structionsforthePCwiththecom-ParativelysmallmanualforMac.Nextmonth,Applewilllaunchamajorprintassault,withalavish20-pagecolorinsertinthetwolargestnationalnewsweeklies,TimeandNewsweek,aswellassuchotherwidecirculationpublicationsasBusinessWeek,Fortune,Forbesand[iInc.Thisfacetofthecampaignisexpectedtocost$2.5millionalone.Afterabriefhiatus,thecompanywillagainmakemajoradvertisingcommitmentsinaJunethroughSeptemberburstdesignedtoin-terestcollege-boundstudentsandtheirparentsinaMacintosh.CitingtherelativelylowcostoftheMacintoshversustheIBM,Applebelievestheycanmakemajorinroadsinthemarket—particularlyinthebusinessarenaiftheadsmanagetohithome.QuotingfiguresfromtheU.S.BureauofLaborStatistics,ApplepointsoutthattheService,tradeandmanufacturingindustriessectorshavemadeupnearly75percentofthetotalwhitecollarworkforcesince1970.Theywillcontinuetodosothrough1990,whentherewillbealmost58.4millionwhitecollaremployees,or‘knowledgeworkers’’asApplepreferstocallthem,Todaytherearelessthanhalfthatnumberof“knowledgeworkers”inthecoun-try,andonlyfivepercentofthemnowusecomputers—afigureApplebelievescanrisequicklyanddramati-callyifnewsoftheMacintosh’saf-fordability,ease-of-useandabilitytoimproveproductivityisbroughthometothosecorporateexecutivesresponsibleforcomputerpurchases.TheHarvestAlreadytheApplecampaignisbeginningtobearfruit.ThePresti-giousaccountingfirmofPeat,Mar-wickMitchellandCo.hasorderedmorethan2,000Macintoshcomputers.WhilethecompanyestimatesthatnearlythreequartersofMacintoshbuyerswillcomefromthebusinesssector,Appleisalsomakingmajormarketingmovestoassurethatithasagoodshotatmovingasmanyas50,000unitstocolleges.Tothisend,thecompanyhasorganizedtheAppleUniversityConsortium(AUC).Thegroupcon-Continuedonpage90“Thepurposeofthe[Macintosh]programistogetourcomputersinthehandsofthousandsofstudents,andpromoteitsuse.’—ApplechairmanSteveJobsSOFTCONSHOWDAILY69FEBRUARY23,1984SOFTCONSHOWDAILY7OFEBRUARY23>1984
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MACINTOSHREPORbyMarkTrostazserfriendly’’and“*technologicalbreak-through”arecertainlyamongthemostover-usedtermsinthecomputerindus-trylexicon.Yet,sucharethetermsthatmustbeinvokedwhendescrib-ingApple’salreadywidelywrittenandtalkedaboutpersonalcom-puter—theMacintosh.Introducedamidwideindustryspeculationandanticipationlastmonth,theMacintoshhasquicklybeenlabeledeverythingfromthe“*presagerofarevolutioninper-sonalcomputers”byNewYorkTimescomputercolumnistErikSandberg-Dimentto‘‘acuddlymachine’byDavidLawrence,ananalystforMontgomerySecuritiesinSanFrancisco.Butnomatterthepointsofreference,allagreetheMacintosh,or“‘theMac’’assomeprefer,willbeasuccess.Half-Million?ThisyearAppleanticipatesmov-ingasmanyashalfamillionMacintoshunits.CombinedwiththecontinuedstrongsalesoftheAppleIIseriesandnewLisamodels,itwillbringthecompanywithinrangeofpersonalcomputerleaderIBM.Accordingtothecon-sultingfirmInfocorp,expectedsalesofIBMmodels(pricedunder$6,000)willbe1.4millionthisyear,comparedwith1.05millionforApple.Withjustover300,000»@Do-Or-DiePromiseApple’sMaverickComputerProvingHitWithRetailers,Analystsunitsseparatingthetwofirms,Ap-plehasaccomplishedafeatthatsixmonthsagomostobserversthoughtalmostimpossible.Naturally,estimatescanbewrong.Butaccordingtoafirstim-pressionsamplingofcomputerdealers,theMacintoshappearstohavestruckarespondingchord.“IcanselleveryoneIcanget,’’saysMarcTrachtenberg,presidentofNewYork’sInterdynamicDataSystems.‘‘I’vealreadytakenonedozenearlyordersforthemachinesinceitwentonsale.There’safeelinghere,”’heindicates,‘‘thatApplehasdoneitagain.”’SettingStandards“‘Ifanynewcomputerhasachancetomakeit,it’stheMacintosh,”’of-fersRickInatome,presidentofIn-acompComputerCenters.‘‘Itsetsnewstandards,andifthemomentumreallystartstogrow,we’regoingtohaveahit.””Butit’snotmagicwhichhasagainmadetheApplenameshinebrightwithcritics,analysts,dealersandconsumers.It’stheMacintoshitself.Designedandpricedforentry-levelbusinessandeducationalcomputerusers,MacintoshutilizesmanyofthefeaturesoriginallydebutedinApple’sLisaoffering.Insteadofrequiringtheusertolearncomputerlanguage,theMacinteractswiththeoperatorviaiconsorsymbols.Throughtheemploy-mentofamouse,theuserselectsamongfunctionslistedinmenusrepresentedbypictorialsymbols,reducinglearningtimefromweekstohours.Throughthe‘‘pictorial’’com-munications,aformthatwasac-tuallypioneeredbyXeroxwiththeir8010‘‘Star’’?Workstation,paperscanbeshuffledonscreen,documentsrevisedordiscarded,chartsdrawn—allwithafewsimplecommandsexecutedwiththemouse.Severaldocumentscanbedisplayedonscreensimultaneouslyin‘‘windows’’thatcanbemoved,expandedorshrunk.Allapplica-tions,fromfinancialplanningtoolstographicsprograms,arebasedonthesamesetofoperations.Numbers,wordsandpicturescanbecutfrommemos,chartsorgraphicsandpastedintootherdocuments,eventhosecreatedinseparateapplicationprogramspro-Continuedonpage90INANESEASIaSOFTCONSHOWDAILY74FEBRUARY23,1984MANIAContinuedfrompage70sistsof24leadinguniversitieswhichhavecommittedthemselvestobuymorethan$50millioninAppleproducts—themajorityfromtheMacintoshfamily—overthenextthreeyears.Appleismakingcomputersavailabletotheconsortium,whichincludesYale,Stanford,Dart-mouth,BrownandtheUniversityofMichigan,atasignificantdis-countoffthesuggestedlistprice.ApplesaysthemoveisdesignedtostimulateMacintoshawarenessamongstudentsandfaculty.“Thepurposeoftheprogramistogetourcomputersinthehandsofthousandsofstudents,withthegoalofimprovingstudentachieve-mentattheuniversities,”saysAp-plechairmanSteveJobs.‘Inaddi-tion,theprogramwillpromotetheuseofMacintoshcomputersinhighereducation,withuniversitiesdevelopinginnovativeapplicationsandsharingtheirfindingswithoneanother.TheprogramwillalsohelpApplediscovernewapplicationsforitsproducts.””KnowledgeWorkersWhilenotstatingtheobvious,JobsalsofeelsthatgettingcollegestudentstouseMacintoshwillalsohelpstimulatethesalestocon-sumers,justasgettingthecom-puterintothehandsofthe‘knowledgeworker’’couldwelltrickledowntothehome.Appleestimatesthatinitially85percentofMacintoshsaleswillbemadethroughretailchannels,withdirectsalesaccountingforthere-mainder.TheMacintoshwillbesoldthroughApple’s3,000authorizeddealersworldwide.Toaidin-storesales,Applehasin-itiatedan‘‘Own-A-Mac’”’program.Theprogramoffersincentivedis-countstosalespersonneltoen-couragethepurchaseofaMacintoshcomputer.Inthisway,thesalesstaffwillfullyunderstandtheproduct’sfearuresandapplications.Thecompanybelievesitshugewarchestandwidevarietyofan-cillaryprogramsarerequiredtotakeadvantageofdesktopcomputermarketgrowth.FutureComputing,theindustryconsultingfirmfromRichardson,TX,believesthemarketwillbeabattlefieldoverthenextfiveyears,asindustryrevenuesgrowatanaverageannualrateof60percent,from1982’sfigureof$2.7billionto$15billionby1986.AaronGoldbergofInternationalDataCorp.(IDC)ofSantaClara,CA,believestheApplebattleplanisjustwhat’srequiredtogetouttheprod-uct’smessage.Goldbergfeelsthat,shouldthefirmbesuccessfulinmax-imizingMacintoshawareness,thefirmcan’thelpbutcomeoutontop.‘*There’snodoubtthatApplehasawinnerwiththisproduct.Themarkethasbeenwaitingforthiscom-binationoftechnology,ease-of-operationandprice.”’1PROMISEContinuedfrompage74ducedbydifferentsoftwarecompanies.Forexample,ifafileistobesaved,theusermerelybringsthemouseoverthe‘‘file’?graphicandpressesthebutton.Ifit’stobedumped,theoperatorbringshismousetothetrashcanicon.“WithMacintosh,thecomputerisanaidtospontaneityandoriginality,notanobstacle,”offersApplechairmanSteveJobs.“‘Itallowsideasandrelationshipstobeviewedinnewways.Macintoshenhancesnotjustproductivity,butalsocreativity.””AppleBitsAttheheartoftheMacintoshisthemuchrevered32-bitMotorola68000microprocessor.Thepower-fulchip’sarchitectureandspeedsupportsthecomputer’shighper-formancegraphics-baseduserinter-face.Tomostcomputercritics,theuseofa32-ratherthana16-bitmicroprocessorisamongthegreatestadvantagesofferedbyMacintosh,particularlyfromthoseinterestedinanadvanceovercur-rentpersonalmodelsutilizingIn-tel’s808816-bitchip.BeforethemeetingofstockholdersatwhichMacintoshwasintroduced,Jobsof-feredacolorfuldescriptionofthecomputingpowerofApple’slatestoverthecompetition.“‘TheMaceats8088sforbreakfast,”hesaid.Pricedat$2,495,thecomputeralsoincorporatesanine-inch512x342pixelblack-and-whitedisplay,abuilt-inhardshell3.5-inchdiskdrive.Thecompactunitoccupiesa10x10-inchdeskspaceandweighslessthan17pounds—makingtheMacintoshlighterthanmostpor-tablemodelsandaddingtotheoverallallureoftheproduct.Duringthemachine’sfirst100daysonsale,thecomputerwillbebundledwithwordprocessingandgraphicssoftware.MacWritefeaturesmultiplefontsandfontsizes,search-and-replacefunctionsandtheabilitytocuttextandpic-turesfromotherprogramsandpastethemintomemosandreports.MacPaintallowsuserstochoosefromawidearrayoftools,suchasbrushes,pencilsanderasers,andalargeselectionoftexturesandshapes,tocreateavarietyoffree-formandstructuredimages.OnTheSideCurrentlyavailableMacintoshperipheralsincludetheAppleIm-ageWriterprinter($595,or$495ifpurchasedwiththecomputer);anexternaldiskdrive($495);accountant-stylenumerickeypad($129);Macintoshcarrycase($99);diskpackof103.5-inchdiskettes($49);a300baud($225)or1,200baud($495)Appletelephonemodem;AppleLine,allowingthecomputertoemulateIBM3277or3278computersandasecuritykeywhichlocksMacintoshanditskeyboardtoatableordesk.Appropriatelyenoughforthead-vancedpersonalmainframe,thecomputerwillbemanufacturedinApple’s160,000-square-footfactoryinFremont,CA.Thefullyautomated,robot-equippedfacilityiscapableofproducingoneMacin-toshcomputerevery27secondswith100percentdefect-freeparts.AppleexecutivescontendthattheproblemsfoundinLisaarenottransferabletothenewmodels.TheMacintoshisdesignedandpricedforthemassmarket,notthebusinessareathatthe$10,000Lisaaimedfor.Theyfurtheraddthatasfarassoftwareisconcerned,therewillbeplentyofprogramsavail-able,withsome80companiesal-readypledgingtheirsupporttotheformat.SOFTCONSHOWDAILY90FEBRUARY23,1984
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MACINTOSHREPORTrd-PartySoftwareYourComprehensiveoh2ideTosalenaSeeShue8sambaAARDVARK/MCGRAW-HILL1020NorthBroadwayMilwaukee,WI53211414-225-7500PersonalProductivityAGDISK/HARRISTECHNICALSYSTEMS624PeachSt.,Box80837Lincoln,NE68501402-476-Business/ProfessionalManagementAPPLECOMPUTERCO.20525MarianiAve.Cupertino,CA950144010PersonalProductivityAPPLIEDSOFTWARETECHNOLOGY170KnowlesDr.LosGratos,CA95030408-370-2662Business/ProfessionalManagementARTSCI,INC.$547SaioumaAveaNorthHoll91601passe76321UtilitiesASHTON-TATE10150WestJeffersonCulverCity.—90230213Business/ProfessionalManagementASKMICRO100BiueRavineAd.Folsom,CA95630916-985-6555PersonalProductivityAURORASYSTEMSINC.2423AmericanLaneMadison,Wi53704608-249-5875Business/ProfessionalManagementBLUECHIPSOFTWARE,INC.19824VenturaBivd.,Suite204Woodland,Hills,CA91364213-881-8268Recreation,EducationBP!SYSTEMS,INC.3423Guadalupe‘Austin,TX78705512-454-2801Business/ProfessionalManagementBUSINESS&&PROFESSIONALSOFTWARE143BinneyCambridge,Ma02142617-491-3377Siginces/ProtessionalManagementBUSINESSSOLUTIONS,INC.osEastMainSt.Park,NY11754St269-Business/ProfessionalManagementCBSSOFTWARE1FawcettPl.Greenwich,ir06830203-622-;Recreation,feaeekertCDEX5050ElCaminoReal,Suite200LosAltos,CA94022415-964-7600EducationLABORATORIES,INC.5300StevensCreekBivd.,Suite200‘SanJose,CA$5129408-246-8020Business/ProfessionalManagement‘COMPU-LAW,INC.3520WesleySt.CulverCity,CA9023021:Business/ProfessionalManagementCONDUITPOBox388towaCity,IA52244315789EducationINENTALSOFTWARE1123SouthHindryLosAngeles,CA90045213-410-3977PersonalProductivityCREATIVESOLUTIONS,INC.4801RandolphRd.Rockville,MD20882|-984-0262Utilities,Business/ProtessionalManagementDAVONGSYSTEMS,INC.217HumboldtCt.Sunnyvale,CA94086408-i900PeripheralsDESKTOPCOMPUTERSOFTWARE,INC.303PotreroSt.,#29-303SantaCruz,CA95060408-458-9095Business/ProfessionalManagementDESKTOPSOFTWARECORP.228AlexanderSt.Bringston,Nu(609-924-7114Business/ProfessionalManagementDIGITALRESEARCHINC.160CentralAve.PacificGrove,CA9395019-5500PersonalProductivityDILITHIUMPRESS8285SWNimbus,Suite151Beaverton,OR97005505-646-UtilitiesDOWJONESPOBox300Princeton,NJ08540Utilities(Databaseservice)2713Education,Business/ProfessionalManagement,EXECUWARE7415PinevilleMathewsRd.,S.300Charlotte,NC28211704-541-1199Business/ProfessionalManagementFFOX&GELLER260WinthropRd.Teaneck,NJ07666Business/ProfessionalManagementGGREATPLAINSSOFTWARE12315thSt.NorthFargo,ND58103701-281-0550Business/ProfessionalManagementHABASYSTEMS,INC15154StaggSt.VannNuys,A91405213-901-8828PersonalProductivity,UtilitiesHARVARDASSOCIATES,INC.260BeaconSt.‘Somerville,MA02143617-492-0660EducationHAYDENSOFTWARECO.600SutfolkStreetLowell,MA01852617-937-Recreation,Education5923PeachtreeInd.Blvd.Norcross,GA30092404-449-8791Utilities,PeripheralsHOUGHTONMIFFLINCO.1BeaconSt.Boston,MA02108617-725-5000Recreation,EducationHUMANEDGESOFTWARECO.2445FaberPI.PaloAlto,CA94303415-493-1593HAYESMICROCOMPUTERPRODUCTS,INC.Business/ProfessionalManagementMAGIC981UniversityAve.LosGatos,CA95030408-399-1200RecreationINFOCOM,INC.ooWheeleranseiraee1031RecreationSOFTCONSHOWDAILY76FEBRUARY23,1984LIVINGVIDEOTEXT,INC.4000ElwellCt.,Suite232aloAlto,CA94303Business/ProfessionalManagementLOGOCOMPUTERSYSTEMS,INC.368CongressSt.Boston,MA02210617-451-2646EducationLOTUSDEVELOPMENTCORP.Business/ProfessionalManagementaan“ppprigy!SYSTEMSTe00"MocktetdBvaSuiteAirvine,CA92714714-859-8871PeripheralsMEGAHAUSCORP.5703OberlinDr.SanDiego,CA92121611230PersonalProductivity,Business/ProfessionalManagementMICROFOCUSINC.1860Embarcadero,#235PaloAlto,CA94303415-856-4161UtilitiesMICRORIM1750112thAve.,NE1200Bellevue,WA98004206-453-60Business/ProfessionalManagementMICROSOFT10700NorthupWayBellevue,WA98004Business/ProfessionalManagementMICROTEK,INC.9514ChesapeakeDr.‘SanDiego,CA92123619-569-0900PeripheralsMINNESOTAEDUCATIONALCORSORTIUMRapids!2520BroadwayDr.St.Paul,MN55113612-481-3500EducationMONOGRAM/TRONIX8295S.LaCienPersonalProductivityNNARUENTERPRISES,INC.POBox206DearHarbor,WA98243206-376-4912Business/ProfessionalManagement62]ODESTA3188DoolittleOr.Northbrook,iL66062312-498-5615Business/ProfessionalManagementSCARBOROUGHSYSTEMS,INC.25N.BroadwayTarrytown,NY10591914-332-4545Recreation,PersonalProductivitySIERRAON-LINESierraOn-LineBuildingGoarseqold,CA93614Recreation,PersonalProductivity‘SIMONANDSCHUSTER,ELECTRONICPUBLISHINGDIVISION1230AvenueoftheAmericasNewYork,NY1614-766-0011/212-245-6400PersonalProductivity‘SIR-TECHSOFTWARE,INC.6MainSt.Codenstcs,NY136695-39:Recreation‘SIRIUSSOFTWARE10364RockinghamDr.Sacramento,CA95827916-366-1195RecreationSOFTWAREARTS27MicaLaneMedMA02181617-237-4000Business/ProfessionalManagementSOFTWAREPUBLISHINGCORP.1901LandingsOr.MountainView,CA94043415-962-8910PersonalProductivity,Gusiness/ProfessionalManagementSORCIM2310Lun.SanJose,CA95131408-942-1Business/ProfessionalManagementSOUTHWESTERNDATASYSTEMS10761WoodsideAve.,SuiteEPOBox582Santee,CAai619-562-322Utilities:STATEOFTHEART,INC.3183AAirwayCostaMesa,CA92626714-850-0114Busingss/ProfessionalManagementSYSTEMSPLUS,INC.1120SanAntonioRd.PaloAlto,CA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“SmallOfficeAutomation”:Officeautomationrankshighamongthemosttrouble-someinformationindustry,marketingconceptsoftheeighties.Vendorshadvisionsoflinkinghigh-pricednetworksofcomputersandterminalsthroughoutacor-porationwhilelockingoutcompetitors.Userssawstreamlineddatapipelinesallinterconnectingtore-placepaperflowwithinformationflow.Productivitywouldbemeasuredinhourssavedperdaythroughman/machineefficiencies.Alas,it’sstilltooearlytotellifeitherpartywillseeitsdreamsbecomerealities,forlargecorporationssimplycannotchangeovernight.ThepotentialresultsofOAsystemsaredifficulttomeasure.Systemsarecostlyandcomplex.Andtheystillrepresentasolutioninsearchofaproblem.OAaSliceataTimeManywouldsaysignificantprogressisbeingmade.Otherswouldpointtothenewbreedofvoice/dataPBXscomingonlineastherealbeginningofofficeautomation.Forthosewhosebottomlinecan’twaitforlong-termresults,thereisapotentiallyrewardingalter-native:“smallofficeautomation.”Considerthesmallofficetobeasmallbusinessoranisolatedofficeordepartmentofamedium-to-largecompany.Specificneedsformulti-usermicrocomputersystemsexistinthisenvironment.Countonwordprocessingbeingamajorrequirement.Spreadsheetandaccountingsoft-waremayrankhighinimportance.Oftenthemulti-terminalapplicationisdedicatedtoorderprocessing,inventorycontrol,customerinquiry,etc.Smallofficeautomationmaybeimplementedinsys-temsstartingatabout$10,000.,whichshouldprovideanattractivemargintocompensateforthesupportre-quired.Conceptually,integratedtechnologieswouldenablesuchsystemstocommunicatewithothercom-putersoroutsideservicesshouldtheneedarise.But,|fornowthebread-and-butterapplicationsofthesmallFebruary1984Vol.4No.6Framingham,Mass.TheMarketingCommunicationsGuideforMarketersofComputer,Electronics,Communications,andOfficeProducts,SystemsandServicesABoontoOAMarketersofficeshoulddictatethedegreeofOAsolutiontobeproposed.SincethereareoverthreemillionsmallbusinessesintheU.S.plusmillionsofsmallofficeenvironmentsinmedium-to-largecompanies,sellingsmallofficeautomationcouldbeapieceo’cake.InsideScoopSIZZLERS_HAPPENINGSSTRATEGIESandTACTICS.INSIGHTS.IMAGEMAKERPROMOCLINICVALLEYVIEWSINTERNATIONALEglylyiy3lelalellTheSizzleSheet™(ISSN0738-6516)ispublishedmonthlybyLivelyCommunications,150SpeenSt,Ste.205/P.0.Box801/909,Framingham,MA01701;(617)875-0013.AddressCorrectionRequestedBulkRateUSS.PostagePAIDFramingham,MA01701PermitNo.306
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BUSINESSCOMPUTERSYSTEMSBrieeeCOMPUTERPUBLICATIONTOAUDITTHEFACTTHATITISACOMPUTERPUBLICATIONBUSINESSCOMPUTERBUSINESSCOMPUTERSYSTEMSisthefirstandonlycomputerpublicationtoauditthebrandsofcomputersinusebyitsreaders.BUSINESSCOMPUTERSYSTEMSalsoisthefirstandonlypublica-tiontoauditthespecificapplicationsforwhichthesecomputersarebeingused.BUSINESSCOMPUTERSYSTEMSdeliversthecoreaudienceofthelucrativebusi-hesscomputermarketforcomputerperipherals,businesssoftware,computersupplies,andtheupgradingandenhancementofmicrocomputers,businessminicomputers,andotherbusinesscomputersystems.BUSINESSCOMPUTERSYSTEMS’circulationrepre-sentsover100,000subscribersatmorethan74,000locationsidentifyingover300,000businesscomputers.Boston(617)536-7780/Chicago(312)635-8800/Dallas(214)980-0318/Denver(303)388-4511/Mid-AtlanticSoutheast(215)293-1212NewYork(212)724-1790/NorthernCalifornia/Northwest(408)243-8838/SouthernCalifornia(714)851-9422CahnersPublishingC1Publishersof30specializedbusinessmagazinesinBuilding&ConstructionCOElectronics&ComputersO)Foodservice(]ManufacturingC)HealthCare01|\Sizzlers.-.Who'sMeChicken?...WefinallyLearnthecorrectspellingofMacintosh.|RumorsaneApplefearedtheeasierprefix,"Mc",wouldnotgetbyMcDonald'sAnademankLawyers..They'L2missyou,Jack...ThesuddendepartureofmarketingmavinJackTramiekfromthepresident'shot-seatatCommodoreisaLosstoalltradepresseditorswhodelightedinreportingonhisLatestexecutiveexecution..HowmanyPeanutsdoyouhavetosektoearnbackthe$40MIBMproposestodnvestinadvertisingthemduring1984?1oneMacintoshequals13Peanuts,wiklApplehavetospendonly$27Mtocompete?~..Smallofficeautomationwillincreaseby47%inthenext12monthsaccording4oTIMEmagazine,whichsponsoredaFocusResearchInc.studyofsmallbusinesscomputerpurchasingtrends.Forafreecopyofstudyresults,callBetsyWagner,(212)841-3010....AlLeyesonSoftecon...ASuperexhibitsalesefforthasflooredareported500+companies{ortheNewOrleansevent,Feb.21-23.Whileit'sfarfromthemaddeningcrowdsofusersanditcongélictswiththeNCCOfficeAutomationConf.,Showpromotersanticipateabigdraw.Thequalityandquantityofpromotiondeservesagoodshow.-Liff-Davisstrikesagain...ThistimethecompanyhasacquiredTheColorComputermagazine,whichenjoyeditsLargestissueeverinJanuarywithhelpfromtheliffsellingmachine.Toadvertise,callMikeFederle,(212)725-7947....Colecoplansnewadoptionscheme...ADAMuserscannowadoptCP/Mandselect-edIBMsoftwarebypurchasingaROM-Loadedadapter..Insertstheeasyway.EDNnowoffersadvertisersagreatneasontorunmulti-pageinsertsROP.Fourormoreconsecutivepagesearnanadditional15%discount(overfrequencybreak)onspaceandcolon.Formone,callKateWheble,(617)536-7780.++.Prime-timecomputing...WNET,NewYork,aPublicBroadcastingStation,willan"Bits&Bytes"at8:30p.m.Thursdaysfora12-weekcomputercourse,startingJan.26.Theair-timeisundewnrittenbyChaseManhattanBank.«-.Sellingsoftwareselectively...Anticipatingasuperrateofreturn,SoftwarePublishingCorp.rana16-pagecataloginsertin60,000ofthe140,000JanuaryASSUCSOfPersonalSoftware.Highimpacttoanidentifiablesegmentofsoftwarebuyershastomakegoodsense-anddollars.--Law-abidingcomputers...DataSourcesdirectoryreportshighgrowthintheLegakmarketforcomputershasspanned,SinceApril'83,331newsoftwarepack-agesforLawfins.Atotalof1,044softwarepackagesfortheLawaredescribedinthedirectory'swinteredition..NothingBut...PCWeekstatesitsqualifiedcirculationofover75,000in-ekudes"thecorporatePCbuyers,allthecorporatePCbuyersandnothingbut.”ThepublicationunderDrakeLundell,publisher,andBobZiegel,vpmarketing,hasLaunchedamassivesearchtoqualifyeveryidentifiablecorporatedecisionAngtuenceforPCsandPC-compatibleproducts.StartingFeb.28PCWeekwilldeliver"nothingbut"onaweeklybasis.Call(212)725-7947.«..Can'tgetenoughoncommunications...ComputeworldOnCommunicationsisdoings0well,itwillstartpublishingmonthlyinMay.Formoneonspringshowadspecials,callEdManecki,(617)879-0700..-.TheSizzkeSheet's1984InformationIndustryTradeShowCalendar(260+shows)4sinLimctedsupply.Onderswilhbeprocessedfirst-comefirst-served.Sendyourcheckfor$24toTheSizzfeSheet,P.0.Box909,Framingham,MA01701.ieneeeeeeTheSizzleSheet7
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Over80%ofEngineeringManagementpickElectronicsfortheiradvertising.WhydosomanyEngineeringManagerswanttoseetheirownproductsaMagazine?It'sbecausetheyknotheynotonlyreneasreimportantly,whereaaoetikethemselves,atthetopofthebuyingramid.ThatsegmentofrDeeailyinvolvedinthebuyingcycle.iinom-ersalsorealizethatintoughecoseecan’taffordtospendlicationswithduplicate"taffordtomissthehipofElectronics,thereader-iid.ipatthetopofthebuyingpyramy::oesfieeeancputsyouinagreatsellingenvironment.You'reingoodcompaworld’sleadingelectronicsfirms.mostrespectededitorialcreatestictimesliketheseyouexcessivedollarsinpubcirculations.Andyoucanexclusivereaders!yourproductsdeserve.widvertisedinElectronicswElectronicsiswhereceptiveaudience,buteyreachotherman-f€readershipwhichisSource:CrossleySurveysInileotherpublicationsfocusonareasaeHeasionarena,Ecodeliversanaudienceofpowerfuleemakers,concentratedatthetopofthebuyingDaeyou'relookingfornumbers,lookcarefully.80%ofEngineeringManagementcan’tbewrong.TheypickElectronics.Ttputsthemontop.Powecngapersonalcarpuierwththo;carencearoctureprocesosegalatrecordwpeed/105nywiththeWherethethemind-setHappeningstroducingMacintosh.FortherestMacworldArrivingonourdoorstepwithinhoursofApple’sofficialMacintoshintroductionwasMacworld.ThispublicationisclearlyendorsedbyApple.ItscoverfeaturedStevenJobs,anarticlefeaturedtheApplepeo-pleresponsibleforMacintosh,andoneadwasa“hello”fromtheMacintoshstafftotheMacworldstaff.MacadsApple’sMacintoshintroductionmadequiteasplash.TVspotshadtongueswagging—andnotjustadvertisingtypesweredoingthetalking.The“BigBrother”messageandthe“Skinheads”causedquiteastirandevensolicitedcommentsfromTheTodayShow'senter-tainmentreporter.Whilesomethoughtthecampaignwellcon-ceived,othersconsidereditheretical.Theprintcampaignwasmorelowkey,thoughjustasforthright,andincludedathree-pageadinTheWallStreetJournalthatproclaimedMacintoshacomputer“Fortherestofus.”Macpress“Spectacular”fallsshortofde-scribingthequalityandcom-prehensivenessofmediacover-agefortheMacintoshannounce-continuedonpage43Copyrights?OnMarch9theU.S.CopyrightOffice,inaone-dayseminarandteleconference,willdiscusstheapplicationofcopyrightlawtocomputersoftware.Thecon-ferenceisco-sponsoredbyLegalTimesandLaw&Busi-nessInc.incooperationwiththeCopyrightSocietyoftheU.S.andtheAmericanPatentLawAssociation.TheseminarwilltakeplaceinWashington,D.C.,NewYork,Chicago,Houston,andLosAngeles.Theteleconferencewillbebroadcastinanadditional15cities.Call(212)888-2652/(800)223-0231.It'sclearthatconsiderableco-operationbetweenAppleandMacworldpublisherDaveBunnellmadethiseffortpossi-ble.MacworldpublishesagaininMayandeverymonththere-after.Circulationisprojectedtobe100,000paidviasubscrip-tionsanddistributiontocom-puterstores,newsstandsandairports.AcoupforMacworldistheinclusionofacheckboxonMACWORLD|hbtheMacintoshWarrantyCard.Allownerscheckingtheboxgettwofreecopies(withsubscribersolicitations)ofMacworld.Ab/wpageis$4895;$5595for4/C.ClosingdateforMayisFebruary27.CallPennyRigby,(415)861-3861.RAGHitsTheRandomAccessGuide,popularpre-showinformationtabloidofthe9thWestCoastComputerFaire,strikesagainofferingadvertisersanotherop-portunitytoreachleading-edgecomputerenthusiastsastheyplantoattendtheshow.Thenextissuewillreach75,000mostlyWestCoastendusers.Ab/wpagecosts$1100.ClosingisFeb.20.CallAlanKuchek,(415)364-4294.ProductsPCProductsPCProducts—reportedlytheindustry’sfirststandard-sized,controlled-circulationmonthlymagazinedirectedexclusivelytothebusinessPCuserandthebusinessPCreseller.Followinga“ConsumerReports”format,PCandPC-compatibleproductevaluations,reviewsandannouncementswillbetheeditorialemphasis.Frequency:monthlystartinginJune.Pub-lisher:S.HenrySacks,CahnersPublishingCo.Ab/wpage(7x10)costs$4275;$5075for4/C.CharteradvertisersearncombinedfrequencybreakswithMini-MicroSystemsandBusinessComputerSystemsplus20%offtheadrateinthefirstissue.Advertisersinthefirstthreeissuesearn20%offallissuesin1984.Circulation:100,000(qualified).JuneissueclosesMay1.CallPeterBoniface,(617)536-7780.MoreNewPubsCommunicationsWeek—acontrolled-circulationnewsprinttabloidtoprovidecomprehen-sivenewscoverageforthecom-municationsindustry,includinglargeendusers,OEMsandre-sellersofproductsandservices.Frequency:Bi-weekly(soontobeweekly)startingJanuary30.Publisher:TomCooper,CMPPublications.Ab/wpageis$5900;$6750for4/C.Advertis-erscontractingfor13xfrequen-ciesbeforeApril1enjoy$4600/pagerate.Circulation:50,000(qualified).February28issueclosesFebruary15.CallJackDolce,(516)365-4600.FinancialComputing—dedi-catedtocomputeruseinthecontinuedon.page4710February1984
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Mini-MicroSystemseesTHEVALUE-ADDEDMARKETson|————ProductssoldintotheVALUE-ADDEDOEMsVALUE-ADDEDMARKETayManucuresofieeeVALUE-ADDEDUSERS.i‘omputerSystemsEngi:iSingleboardMicrocomputersHardwareOEMseeArrayProcessors—————<——SclentineApplicationsTapeandDiskDrivesnNerainaleManufacturingApplicationsPriBeaeeVALUE-ADDED.Government,InstitutionandeeeRESELLERSFinancialApplicationsAdd-on/Add-inMemoriesSystemsHousesControllersandInterfacesSystemsIntegratorsDataAcquisitionCommunicationsSystems.SoftwareIntegratorsSuppliesandMediaConsultantsAndOtherRelatedEquipment|ver112,000computerMini-MicroSystemsprofessionalsreceive:Mini-MicroSystemseachmonth.Becauseoftheirextensivecomputerproductknowledgeandappreciationofhowsystemselementsfunctiontogether,thesereadersareuniquelyqualifiedtoaddvaluetoyourproduct.Thatmakesthemveryvaluabletoyou.termvalue-addeddistinguishesMini-MicroSystems’audienceasthoseOEMs,resellersandsophisticateduserswhoaddvaluebyintegratinghardwareand/orsoftwareintothemini-microbasedsystemstheyconfigureorenhance.Theonlycomputerpublicationcoveringthecompletevalue-addedmarket.Boston(617)536-7780/Chicago(312)635-8800/Dallas(214)980-0318/Denver(303)388-4511/LosAngel(213)826-5818/Mid-AtlanticSoutheast(215)293-1212/OrangeCounty(714)851-9422/SanFrancisco(408)243-8838CahnersPublishingUiPublishersof30specializedbusinessmagazinesinBuilding&ConstructionCOElectronics&ComputersCIFoodserviceD)ManufacturingOHealthCareExxonOfficeSystemscontinuedfrompage20WhatdoesthefutureholdforOAadvertising?“|thinkwe'reheadedforamind-bogglingglutofcommunica-tionsin1984.Everydayyouseemoreandmoresup-pliersorvendorsofofficeautomationequipmentvyingfortimeontelevisionwiththeOlympicscomingup.Peoplearegoingtobespendinghugeamountsofmoneytoriseaboveoneanother'snoiselevel.It’sgoingtobethoseziggingwhiletheircompetitioniszagging.That'sthemind-set|haveindecidinghowtodeploythefundsandthetechniquesthatwe'llbeusing.”ShowPlanningcontinuedfrompage22Nextmonthwe'lldiscussevaluationcriteriaforcus-tom-designedvs.portableboothsandtheirexhibitde-signers.Forself-study,herearesomehelpfulresources.TheTradeShowBureau,49LocustSt.,NewCanaan,CT06840—Publishersofspecialreports,linktonetworkofexpertsandservicesTheSizzleSheet's1984InformationIndustryTradeShowCalendar,P.O.Box909,Framingham,MA01701—Listingofover260nationalandinter-nationaltradeshows;$24,includesupdatesTradeshowWeek,P.O.Box716,BackBayAnnex,Boston,MA02117—$189subscriptionincludes48newsletters,annualTradeShow150,annualMajorExhibitHallDirectoryandannualNationalTradeshowServicesDirectoryDickSwandby,ExhibitSurveys,Inc.,Box337,Middletown,NJ07448—Surveystrade-showaudiencecharacteristicsandeffectivenessofindividualexhibitsMacadscontinuedfrompage10ment.WhilesemewouldfindtheOrwellianTVteaseradconfusingorforindustryeyesonly,itcertainlygrabbedthevieweranddrewattentiontotheannouncementdate.AtastefulandcompletemedialunchboxprovidedallthemeatydetailsonMacintoshplusaT-shirt.Themoreremarkableeffortwasthesimultaneouspublicationofseveralcoverarticles,fea-tures,andevenamagazine(Macworld)obviouslyneedinglotsofadvancenoticeandeditorialinput.Tomakeallthisexcellentprhavemaximumimpact,Appledealershadhands-ontrainingbeforetheannounce-mentandproductforsaleonannouncementday,atrendsetbyIBMwiththePCannouncement.LotsofApplepeopledeservecongratulationsforthisstupen-douseffort.RegisMcKennaPublicRelationsandChiat/DayAdvertisinghaveenhancedtheirstaturewiththisone.MacstrategyStrategically,themediablitzsurroundingMacintoshworksequallyhardatpositioningAppleagainstIBM.Inthe“1984”TVad,anear-frightening“bigbrother”imageofacontrolledcomputersociety(purportedlymadeupofIBMusers)iscontrastedtoacolorful,in-tellectually-stimulating,forward-lookinggroupofcom-puterindividualists(purportedlyAppleusers).Essen-tially,IBMcomputersareforskinheads,whileApplecomputersare“fortherestofus.”Theonlyquestion-ableissueforthispositioniswhetherIBMisreallyper-iceivedas“bigbrother”outsidethecomputerindustry.Certainly,the$multi-millionsIBMisinvestinginPCandPCjradvertisingusestheChaplinhumortoconveytheimageofafriendly,competentcompanythat’seasytodobusinesswith.EitherAppleisslightlyoffonthispositioning,orthecompanyhassetitssightsonasmallershareofthetotalmarketbutalargershareofthegrowingmarketofsawycomputerists.TheSizzleSheet1984InformationIndustryTradeShowCalendarIsMovingFast!We'reAlreadyPlanningOurFirstUpdate.OrderYourCopyNowBySendingYourCheckfor$24.to:TheSizzleSheetP.O.Box909Framingham,MA01701.PTTTTLPlantoattend-Plantoexhibit@GULFCORRaE&OFFICESHOWSponsoredbytheADMINISTRATIVEMANAGEMENTSOCIETYMay29-May31,1984»MarriottHotel,NewOrleansaaaaaaaaaa©PleasesendmedetailsonExhibitspacestillavailable.5Pleasesendmefreeticketinformation.5Pleasesendmeinformationre:AMSconcurrentcon-[iaaaa__aIaaEaferenceonofficetechnologyand“Megatrends.””NameCompanyAddressCity,State,ZipTelephoneTitleWhitsedExhibitionsandConferences,Inc.119AvantGarde,Kenner,LA70062Tel:504/467-9949EEEESEREEeeeeeTheSizzleSheet43
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AmigaPlans32-BitHomeComputera;:—3—r;—_————;———4adevelopersandspecifiersofsoftwareformainframe,|ShowcasePreview,InterfaceRept/Dist.atCanadianOttice—miniandpersonalbusinesscomputerapplications,USITA/USTSAshow(Apr.16);Videotex,Int.Issue(A)WordProcessing,(8)RalphZambonelli/Whitsed==<7(F)12x,(G)Feb.24,(H)1stofmonthprec.(I)10thissue/Dist.atPublishingLtd.,P.O.Box190,HarbourCtre.,Portaofmonthprec.,(J)istwk.ofthemonth,(K)n/a,(L)55,130(BPA,6/83).(M)Q/C,(N)100%,(0)ABP,BPA,(P)$2730(std.mag.pg.).(Q)49.5,(R)$3605(std.mag.pg.),(S)65.4,(T)10%x15,(U)RobertBanc117)562-9308Technology;IndustrialPCSystem:speedModems;COMDEX/Winter,(B)LaurenceAltman/HaydenPublishingCo.,Inc.,10MulhollandDr.,HasbrouckHts.,NJ07604,(C)StephenScrupski,(0)sameas°C",(E)Executives,managersandsystemsengineersatsystemsandsoftwarehouses(38%),Largeend-usercompanies(33%),ComputerProductmfrs.(29%),(F)12x,(G)n/a,(H)Mar.2,(I)1a,(J)approx.10daysprec.1stofmonthofissue,(K)n/a,(L)80,014(publishersfig.,11/83),(M)Q/C,(N)n/a,(O)n/a,(P)$3950,(Q)49.4,(R)$4565,(S)87.1,(T)8x10%,(U)RobertLukas,(201)393-6000‘SystemsUser(A)InformationCenters,(8)L.ThomasCauifield/CaulfieldPublishing,Ltd.,52S.MainSt,Janesville,Wi53545,(C)HowardKarten(En.);RichardEagleson(Wn.),(D)BeverlyGould,Mng.Ed.(E)DPdirectorsatlargeandsmallIBMsystemsuserlocations,(F)12x,(G)Sthofmonthprec.,(H)Sthof‘monthprec.,(1)10thofmonthprec.,(J)1stFri.ofthe‘month,(Kk)n/a,(L)33,145(initialBPA,8/83),(M)Q/C,(N)69.0%,(0)BPA,(P)$2270,(Q)68.5,(R)$2905,(S)87.6,(T)11%x18,(U)TomCaulfield,(608)754-2932TelecommunicationProducts+Technology(A)DataSecurity;PersonalComputersandCRTTerminals,(B)RobertDimond/PennWellPublishingCo.,AdvancedTechnologyGrp.,119RussellSt.,Littleton,MA01460,(C)JimHughes,E(O)LinnKurkjian,Ass't.Ed.,(E)Endusersresponsibleforplanning,designingandpurchasingtelecommunicationssystemsandrelatedproductsandservices,(F)12x,(G)n/a,(H)22ndof2ndmonthPrec.,(I)5workingdaysafter“H”,(J)25thofmonthprec.,(K)BuyingIntentPurchasePlanningStudy,(L)‘50,000(publisher'sfig.,11/83),(M)Q/C,(N)100%,(Q)BPAappliedfor,(P)$3010,(Q)60.2,(R)$3710,(S)74.2,(T)11%x15%,(U)AdTrafficCoord,(617)16-9501Telecommunications(A)TheIntegratedOffice,Pt.1;SwitchingforNetworkCommunications;Mktg.Focus:FederalDPExpo,ICA,andCommunications'84(Birmingham),(B)WilliamBazzy/HorizonHouse-Microwave,Inc.,610WashingtonSt,Dedham,MA02026,(C)CharlesWhite,Exec.Ed.,(D)n/a,(E)Business/industry/commerce(38%);Commoncarriers(23%).Federal/state/municipal(5%);Processandcontrol(4%),(F)12x,(@)sameas“H”,(H)Mar.5,(I)Mar.9,(J)5thofthemonth,(k)n/a,(L)56,083(BPA,6/83),(M)Q/C,(N)54.2%,(0)BPA,(P)$4460,(Q)79.5,(R)$5145,(S)91.7,(T)8%x10%,(U)RuthAoki,(617)‘326-8220/(800)225-9977Teleconnect(A)AutomaticCallDistributorsandSequence:‘SingleLine“Smart”/FeaturePhones;TheFutureofPublic&PrivateResale,(B)HarryNewton/TelecomLibraryinc.,205W.19thSt.,N.¥.,NY10011,(C)AndyMoore,(D)sameas“G",(E)Users(57%)andseniormanagementandseniorsales/marketingininterconnectcompanies(32%),(F)12x,(G)endof2ndmonthprec.,(H)Feb.27,(I)Mar.9,(J)Mailed20thofmonthprec.,(K)n/a,(L)35,000,(M)Q/C;Paid:29%,(N)n/a,(O)n/a,(P)$1680,(Q)48.0,(R)$2230,(S)63.7,(T)8%x10%,(U)GerryFriesen,(212)691-8215TelephoneEngineer&Management(A)AnnualSpringConstruction(Apr.1);Office-of-the-Future,ICAPreview/Bonusint'l.clrc.(Apr.15),(B)RaySmith,VP/HarcourtBraceJovanovichPublications,124S.FirstSt.,Geneva,IL60134,(C)BobStotfels,(D)LoisStolzman,(E)Allmgmt.levels;Ind.&Bellcos.(76%),Mfrs.&suppliers(11%),(F)24x,(G)sameas"H,(H)1st&16thofmonthprec.,(1)1wk.after"H",(J)41st&15thofthemonth,(kK)‘N/a,(L)34,042(BPA,6/83),(M)Paid;Q/C,(N)73.2%,(©)ABP,BPA,MCC/mdf,(P)$1800,(Q)52.9,(R)$2450,(S)71.9,(T)8%x10%,(U)KarenWiley,(312)Telephony(A)ICAAnnualConv.Preview/Dist.atshow(Apr.2);LongDistanceResaleSystems,ServicesandOperations(Apr.9);USITA/USTSASoutheastem(Apr.23);OutsidePlantCeExpo(Apr.30),(B)LeoAnderson,\VP/TelephonyPublishingCorp.,55E.JacksonBlvd.‘Chicago,IL60604,(C)DelMyers,(D)JaniceDrummond,(E)Allmgmt.levels;ind.,Bell&othercarriers(61%),Mirs.(12%),Privateusers(11%),Cons.(7.3%).interconnect(6.7%),(F)52x,(G)2ndFri,prec.,(H)Mon.,14daysprec.(reg.);21daysprec.(int'.),(1)sameas“H",(J)Mon.,(K)n/a,(L)35,891(ABCpublisher'sstatement,6/83)),(M)Pald(79%);‘QUC(21%),(N)100%,(0)ABC,MCC/mdf,(P)$1860,(Q)51.8,(R)$2670,(S)74.4,(T)8%x10%,(U)RobertWehoter,(312)922-2435TheOttice(A)Micrographics,RecordsManagement/Filing‘Systems;AnnualBuyers’Guide(chart)toMicrofilmReaders&Reader-Printers;CommunicationsasFax);CellularRadio(mobile)Telephones;AlIM;ICAProductPreview/Dist.atbothshows,(6)William‘Schulhof/OfficePublications,Inc.,1600SummerSt/P.O.Box1231,Stamford,CT06904,(C)WilliamR.‘Schulhot,(D)BillHogan,(E)Corp.mgmt.(33%),Admn.mgmt.(22%),Fin.mgmt.(16%),DP&sys.mgmt.(13%),(F)12x,(G)15thof2ndmonthprec.,(H)1stofmonthprec.,(I)10thofmonthprec.,(J)1stofthemonth,(K)ReadexReadershipStudy,(L)140,000,(M)Q/C,(N)89.2%,(O)BPA,MCC/mdt,(P)$3500,(Q)25.0,(R)$4900,(S)80.7,(T)8%x10%,(U)(203)327-9670TLC(teaching/learning/computing)(Educator'sGuidetoPersonalComputing)(A)Compilers,(8)GeorgeSeldin/SeldinPublishingInc.,1081S.Melrose,Ste.D,Placentia,CA92670-7180,(C)ClareFleig,(D)n/a,(E)Educatorsandadministratorsinvolvedintheacquisition,implementationanduseofpersonalcomputers,(F)12x,(G)n/a,(H)1stofmonthprec.(I)Sthofmonthprec.,(J)1stwk.ofthemonth,(kK)n/a,(L)n/a,(M)‘n/a,(N)n/a,(0)n/a,(P)$2300,(Q)n/a,(R)$2900,(S)n/a,(T)8%x10%,(U)GregGrose,(714)632-6924Today'sOffice(A)16-Bitve.32-bitMicrocomputers;Desktop0:LocalAreaNetworks,(8)RobertBarilett/HearstBusinessCommunications,inc./UTPDiv.,645StewartAve.,GardenCity,NY11530,(C)EllenTunison,(D)n/a,(E)Corp.mgmt.(34%),Admin.mgmt.(30%),Sys.mgmt.(12%),Fin.mgmt.(11%),(F)12x,(G)1stofmonthprec.,(H)20thof2ndmonthprec.“H”,(J)3rdFri.ofthemonth,(K)n/a,(L)125,094(BPA,6/83),(M)Q/C,(N)100.0%,(0)ABP,BPA,(P)$3400,(Q)27.2,(R)$4200,(S)33.6,(T)11x16,(U)(617)451-0822User'sGuide(A)Hard-diskComparisons;Multi-userDataManagementSystemFeatureSummaries(Mar./Apr.Issue),(B)TUG,Inc.,117WareRd.,Woodside,CA‘94062,(C)TonyBove,(D)Chery!Rhodes,(E)BusinessandprofessionalusersofGP/MandPC-.(K))Paid,(N)n/a,1750,(S)70.0,(T)8%x10%,(U)(415)851-4836VAX/RSTSProfessional(A)AHistoryofVMS:ItsCurrentStatus&Third-partySystemSoftware,(8)C.B.Marbach,R.D.Mallery/VAX/RSTSProfessional,161HuntingtonParkAve.,Philadelphia,PA19124,(C)JamesTrichon,(D)LindaDiBiasio,Ass't.Ed.,(E)UsersoftheVAXandRSTSOperatingSystemsonDECcomputers,(F)6x,(G)6wks.prec.,(H)Mar.2,(I)Mar.9,(J)n/a,(k)‘n/a,(L)12,000,(M)Paid,(N)n/a,(O)n/a,()$1100,(Q)91.7,(R)$1700,(S)141.7,(T)8%x10%,(U)HelenMarbach,(215)542-7008International‘CanadianDatasystems(A)ComputersinGovernment;Terminals;ApplicationSoftware,(B)VictorZellermeyer/MacleanHunterLtd.,MacleanHunterBldg.,777BaySt,Toronto,OntarioMSW17,Canada,(C)TomWeissman,(D)sameas“CO”,(E)Corporatemanagementatend-user‘companies,aswellasdpdirectors,managersandsystemsanalysts,(F)12x,(G)1stof2ndmonthprec.(H)Mar.15,(1)sameas“H”,(J)22ndofmonthprec.(K)n/a,(L)30.286,(M)Q/C,(N)55.7%,(O)ABP,CBP-CCAB,(P)$1973,(Q)65.1,(R)$2833,(S)93.5,(T)8%x10%,(U)BobCassels,(416)596-5809Credit,OntarioLSG4L7,Canada,(C)BruceGlassford,(D)sameas“C”,(E)Managementandadministrativeexecutiveswhospecifyandpurchaseofficeequipment,systemsandsupplies,(F)10x,(G)Astofmonthprec.,(H)10thofmonthprec.,(I)12th‘ofmonthprec.,(J)5thofthemonth,(kK)n/a,(L)61,000,(M)Q/C,(N)n/a,(O)CCAB,(P)$2750,(Q)45.1,(R)$3450,(S)56.6,(T)8%x10%,(U)RussEastcott,(416)967-6200ComputerData(A)TheOfticeofTomorrow,(B)Leonard‘Sbrocco/PageCommunications,501OakdaleRd.,Downsview,OntarnadaM3N1W7,(C)RichardMann,(D)sameas“C",(E)Middletoupperdpmanagement,(F)10x,(G)18thofmonthprec.,(H)25thofmonthprec.,(|)sameas"H’,(J)10thofthemonth,(K)n/a,(L)50,129(publisher'sfig./CCAB,8/83),(M)Q/C,(N)99.6%,(0)CCAB,(P)$2250,(Q)44.9,(R)$3020,(S)60.2,(T)8%x10%,(U)Leonard‘Sbrocco,(416)746-7380‘ComputerMerchandisingInternational(A)BulldingaBetterSalesStatf;Portables;Butfers/Dist.atHannoverFalr,(8)BillSlapin,Pres./EastmanPublishingCo.,Inc.,15720VenturaBivd.,#222,Encino,CA91436;InternationalThomsonPublication,Ltd.,KnightwayHouse,20SohoSquare,London,W1Y6DT,UnitedKingdom,(C)RobertMueller,(D)n/a,(E)ComputerresellersinWesternEurope(pan-Europeanpub./3separatelanguageeditions),(F)12x,(G)6wks.prec.,(H)Mar.1,(I)Mar.8,(J)10thofthemonth,(K)n/a,(L)14,000,(M)QIG,(N)n/a,(O)ABC(Europe)appliedtor,(P)$1739,(Q)124.2,(R)$2409,(S)172.1,(T)8%x10%,(U)PaulTurchetta,(818)995-0436;PaulMcGinnis,(212)490-1021;GeorgeMannion,(312)748-1950ComputerProductNews(Europe/MiddleEast)(A)COMDEX/SpringPreview,(B)HarryBriels/PanEuropeanPublishingCo.,216rueVerte,1030Brussels,Belgium,(C)OrhanErenberk,(D)AndreRousselot,(E)Business,industry,institutions,andgovernmentthatmanufactureand/oruseEDPProducts,softwareandservices,(F)10x,(G)n/a,(H)Mar.29,(I)Apr.3,(J)Apr.28,(K)n/a,(L)50,301(publisher'sfig.,8/83),(M)Q/C,(N)56%,(0)ABC,BPA,(P)$4800,(Q)95.4,(R)$5550,(S)110.3,(T)11x15%,(U)ArleneShapiro,(212)290-7207InfoAge(A)IBMPCs,(B)PaulPlesman/PlesmanPublicationsLtd.,211ConsumersRa.,#302,Willowdale,OntarioM2J4G8,Canada,(C)BillKnapp,(0)n/a,(E)Businessandpersonalusersofmicrocomputers,(F)10x,(G)1stwk.of2ndmonthprec.,(H)23rdof2ndmonthprec.(Feb.22),(I)sameas“H”,(J)25thof‘monthprec.,(k)n/a,(L)18,000,(M)Paid,(N)n/a,(0)CCAB,(P)U.S.$1196,(Q)66.4,(R)U.S.$1671,(S)92.8,(T)8%x10%,(U)JimRostron,(416)497-9562MicroComputernews(A)COMDEX/SpringPreview,(8)GordonHunter/HunterNicholsInc.,721ProgressAve.,Scarborough,Ontario,CanadaM1H2W7,(C)GordonBrockhouse,(0)n/a,(E)Retailers,dealersandotherresellersofmicrocomputerproducts,(F)13x(incl.dir.),(G)n/a,(H)35daysprec.,(I)sameas“H,(J)Astofthemonth,(Kk)n/a,(L)8,191(publisher'sfig.,9/83),(M)Q/C,(N)n/a,(O)n/a,(P)$940,(Q)114.8,(R)$1535,(S)187.4,(T)11x15%Lackey/AlStiver,(416)439-4140SoftwareCanada(A)ProgrammerProductivityTools;Manufacturing‘Systems;EducationalSoftware,(B)VictorZellermeyer/MacleanHunterLtd.,MacleanHunterBldg.,777BaySt.,Toronto,OntarioMEW1A7,Canada,(C)RichardMann,(D)sameas“C",(E)Corporatemanagementatend-usercompaniesaswellasdpdirectors,managersandsystemsanalysts,(F)6x,(G)9thofmonthprec.,(H)10daysprec.issue,(I)sameas“H",(J)2ndofthemonth,(K)n/a,(L)417,000(publisher'sfig,8/83),(M)Q/C(60%);Paid(30%),(N)100%every3yrs.,(0)Sworn,(P)C$2317(tab.),(Q)1363,(R)C$2947(tab),(S)173.4,(T)11%X15%(tab.),(U)PeterThomson,(416)596-5910Communications!That’stheFocusforourMarchissue.Phoneinyourad(617)875-0013.TheNewsweeklyforMictocomputetrUsersK46908$1.50March26,1984Volume6,Issue13i:‘4é‘|:&u‘‘iHqMACINTOSHREVIEWEDMORENEWSFROMSOFTCONsitBeatNBHIiesvlrecastz
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—For$950,RevelationSoftwarebyCosmoswillgiveyourPCCapabili-tiesthatnomicrocoputerhaseverhadbefore.Throughaversatile,highperformanceRelationalDataBaseManagementSystemdevelopedbyCosmos,Revelationwillgiveyourmicrocomputerallthepowerandsophisticationofaminicomputer.Revelationfeaturesadatabasewithvariable-lengthfieldsandrecords,(upto64K),andunlimitedfilesandaccounts.Filesizeislimitedonlybydisksize.Alsofeatured:Apowerful,hybridprogramminglanguage.Afourthgenerationapplica-tionsandprogramgeneratorOurprogramswriteprograms!CommunicationsfunctionsthatgiveyourPCthepowertouti-lizeapplications,programs,anddatafromthousandsofexistingmainframeandminicomputers.8087mathchipsupportRevelationco-existswithMS/DOS™orPC/DOS™1.0,41,P.O.BoxAH,Morton,WA98356COSMOSFnecunlerREVELATION2.0versions,andiscompatiblewiththeIBMPC™xT™COMPAQ™Corona™ColumbiaMulti-:Personal®andtheEagle1600™It'salsocompatiblewithmini-computersutilizingthePICKOperatingSystem™MinimumConfigurationrequires320Kmemoryand8087mathchip.MS/DOS™ofMicrosoftPICKSYSTEMS,EagleConPCRegistered—1600™ofEagleTMofInternationalComputersCoronapc™BusinessMachinesCorp.ofCoronaDataSystemsCOMPAQ™oFCOMPAQColumbiaMulti-ComputerCorp.PICKPersonal™ofColumbiaOperatingSystem™ofDataProductsIncTelephone1-800-422-2511InsideWashington206-496-5974.AutoCutSheetFeed(option)4=Keyboard(option)Wecan’tthinkofanyonewhoisn’tbetteroff_withADX-15DAISYWHEELPRINTER._Dynax’'sDX-15,AndifyouwantthekindofprinterthatlivesTractorFeed(option)OFFICES:NJ(201)471-0100/TX(214)257-1700/IL(3inthefastlane,theDX-15isyourprinter.Itdoesitall,certainlyallthatfarmoreexpensivemodelscando.TheDX.15offersyousomeimportantoptionslikeKeyboard,TractorFeedandAutoCutSheetFeed.Notonlythat,theDX-15isaverydurableunit,beitforbusiness,homeorwordprocessingapplications.Andwhosaysagreatprinterhastobeexpensive?Notus!Whatwesayisyou'llbedumbfoundedwhenyourdealertellsyoujusthowinexpensivetheDX-15;:happenstobe.GiveDynax,inc.himacallordropby.Dynax’sDX-15saysit5698BandiniBlvd.,Bell,CA90201ALL.(213)2607121a12)981-5633/MA(617)933-8162/N.CA(408)730-1712
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InourreviewoftheMthe‘computerfortherestofus’isanlentmachine—andthebestchallengertoIBM’sgriponthemarket.82Aninyentor’svisionandaTRcomputerledtothedfeEditorialWetterssesegtenaViewpointMICROSNewviewontheworldGrapevineClapp-TrappEvents..COMMUNICATIONSTheFBIgoesafterhackers...38March26,1984TheFBIisstrugglingtobringitsagentsuptospeedonationstechnologyandtonabcomputervandalsbeforetheyturntheirtalentsseriouscomputercrime38cintosh,wefindthatCoverPhoto:GeoffreyNelsonApple,waitingforIBMnet,linlmicroswithAppleBusNewPrograms.......HARDWARE—__|Thebattleofthedisksison...78Macintosh...8290‘92PBScourseteachescomputing.SOFTWAREersholdbackReviews:MagicWindowII;WordStar3.3;dBaseII.RCapsQ&A:DanTHEINDUSTRY_|InformationservicightforexpandingmarketElectronicAntics.........InfoWorldMarch26,19843sent2aLaittSesaiBi]44;#3{3a=i4i¥Adatamanagerwithoutsimplicityislikeasportscarwithoutwheels“Itwillgetyounowherefast.Unlessthatprogramiseasytomaster,youmightnevergetitintofirstgear.MainStreetFiler”TakesYouWhereYouWantToGoTestdrivetheMAINSTREETFILERandyou'llseethatitoffersyouevery-thingyourbusinessneedsforinforma-tionmanagement,fromdatastorageandretrievaltocustomreportgenera-tionandpersonalizedmailings.TheFILER’sbeautyisinitseaseofhandling,maneuverability,andde-pendability.It’smenu-driven,soit’seasytolearn.Ifyouneedhelp,eachscreenshowsthepagenumberofthemanualonwhichthatscreenisex-plained.Onceinoperation,theFILERallowsyoutomovequicklyfromoneapplicationtothenext.Itsindexsys-temeliminatessorting,givingyouin-stantaccesstoanydatainyourfiles.UsetheFILERtointegratedatawithanyofthepopularwordprocess-ingprogramssuchasMultiMate’™WordStar?EasyWriterI;"andVolksWriter™Selectthenameofyourownwordprocessorfromthescreen,copyselectedrecordsfromyourFILERdatafilestoamailinglistmergefile,andwatchyourprinterroll.LettheFILERputyouonthefasttrack!|a|MAINSTREET1HarborDriveSausalito,CA94965(415)332-1274(inCalifornia)800-824-8757AvailableforCP/M2.x,CP/M86,registeredtrademarksDigitalResearch,Inc.;PCDOS,registeredtrademarkIBM,Corp.;MSDOS,registeredtrademarkMicrosoft,Corp.
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PAIDSUBSCRIPTIONS(THOUSANDS)READERS~PCW&SRLDMarch1984‘ThePersonalConiputerMagazineforIBMPCsS3002andCompas20“ANUARYNOVEMBERPCWORLDPCMAGAZINEGROWTHDURING1983*IT’SAFACT:MorepeoplereadPCWorldthanaityotherIBMpersonalcom-putermagazine.Intenshortmonths,PCWorldachievedapaidsubscriptionbaseofmoresthan88,000readers.After’TWOYEARSthe*closestcomipetitor,PCMagazine,hadonly67,500subscribers.Withtheirsubscriptiondollars,readershavevotedPCWorld#1initsfield.‘Andwhyshouldn’tthey?PCWorldisthebest.Wehavethebestwriters,thebesteditors,andthebestdesign.Inarecentsurveywefoundthat8outof10PCWorldreadersreadeveryissueandthat93%ratePCWorldasaqualitypublication.WitheverypassingdayPCWorld’ssubscriptionleadershipincreases.WehavethehighestgrowthrateofanymagazineinAmerica,That’sallyouneedtoknowwhenyou'relookingforthe#1IBMpersonalcomputermagazine.YoucanbetonPCWorldandwin.CallPCWorldtodayandfindoutwhatsomanysatisfiedadvertisersalreadyknow—itpaystogowiththebest.“Chartstatisticscompiledfromstatementsofownership,‘managementandcirculationfiledinOctober1983.TheFastestGrowingMagazineinAmerica555DeHaroStreetSanFrancisco,CA.94107800-872-7800Nationwide800-872-7808CaliforniaPCWorldisasubsidiaryofCWCommunications,publishersofmorethan40computermagazines,andthelargestcomputerpublishingcompanyintheworld.NoMS-DOSTartanForMacintosApplewoosindependentperipherals,softwaredevelopersforspiffy$2,500machineCUPERTINO,CA—Withthelaunchofits$2,495Mac-intoshsystem,AppleCom-puterhasputtorestanynotionsthatitintendstomar-ketproductsthatarecom-patiblewiththeIBMPCItisclearthattheMacintosh,whichlooksandactsverymuchlikeamini-versionoftheLisa,willnotrunPC-DOSoranyotherfiavorofMicrosoft'sMS-DOSoper-atingsystem.Instead,Applehasde-signedamachinethatcom-plementsitsmuchbiggerLisaofficesystem.TheLisacomeswith1megabyteofmainmemory,a5-megabyteharddiskdriveandabout2.5megabytesofoperatingsys-temcode,whiletheMacin-toshisamuchmorecompactmachine.FormallyunveiledatAp-ple’sannualmeetinginlateJamuary,theMac,liketheLisa,isbasedonthe32-bitMotorola68000_micro-processor.Itcomeswith128Kofmainmemory,64KROM(whichcontainsmajorportionsoftheMacintoshoperatingsystem),abuilt-inSony3.5-inchmicrofloppydrive(whichholdsupto400K),anda9-inchdiagonalblack-and-whitedisplay.Thekeyboardandamouseareincludedintheprice.Thewholesystemisquiteportable,weighingunder20poandsincludingthekey-board.Despiteearlyrumorstothecontrary,theMacintoshdoesprovideaverysimilaruserinterfacetothatfoundontheLisa:Theattachedmouseisusedtoselectandmanipulate“desktop”ob-jects,intheform.oficons,thatappearonthemachine’shigh-resolutiondisplay.Forexample,todeleteafile,aMacuserwouldplacetheiconofafileovertheiconofatrashcanthatisalwaysdis-playedonthescreen.AlthoughtheMac’s68000chipissettooperateatabout8Mhz,themachinedoesnotsupportmultitaskingliketheLisa.Youcandisplaymulti-plewindowsonthescreensimultaneously,buttheycannotbeproducedbydif-ferentapplications—pro-grams.TheonlypointonwhichAppleseemstohavetakennoteoftheIBMworldisincommunications.Businessuserswillbeabletobuyadd-onhardwarecalledApple-linethatwillenabletheMac-intoshortheLisatoemulateIBM3270-typeterminalsandtotapintoIBM’slocalareanetworkwhenthatarrives.Almost100independentsoftwarecompanies,includ-ingMicrosoftandSoftwarePublishingCorporation,areworkingonproductsfortheMacintosh—revisingcurrentproductsordevelopingtotallynewpackages.AppleitselfhasproducedanumberofprogramsfortheMac,in-cludingMacPaint(aclevergraphicspackagethatusestheMac’shigh-resolutionscreentothefullest).andMacWrite(asimplewordprocessingprogramfordoc-uments8to10pagesinlength).
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&ELECTRONICENGINEERINGTIMESMANHASSET,N.Y.|BLW.118,023WorldVAN301984|ReePema‘‘TheNewsweeklyfotMicrocomputetUsersMarch19,1984Volume6,Issue12K46908$1.50THEMINDSETCOMPUTER:GAMBLINGONGREATGRAPHICSCOMPUTERSOVERRIDEDISABILITIESINSIDEAPPLE'SMACFACTORYREPAIRBECOMESBIGBUSINESSRogerBadertscherPresident,Mindset,Inc.
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3“§Q1Moreperfor-»mance,dollarfordollar.ParadiseSystems,Inc.7deliversacolordisplaycontrol-ler,monochromedisplaycon-trollerandprinterinterfaceailonasinglecard.CompatiblewithIBM*PC/XT=andthebestproductivitysoftware.YoucanworkwithallthegreatIBMproductivitypackages,likeLotus123™.3.Standardmonochromedisplaywithnoadditional.software:FullyIBMcompatible.Alltheclean,fully-formedcharactersyou'dexpectfromIBM.4High-resolutioncolorgraphics:FullyIBMcom-'»patible.640x200blackandwhite;320x200mediumresolution;4colors.14REASONSWHYTHEPARADISE-DISPLAYCARDISSELLINGFASTERTHANExternalswitchforeasyselectionof'sMonochromeorcolormodeonsystemstartupwithouthavingtoopenthemachine.7Switcheseasilybetweenmono-«chromeandcolormodesundersoftwarecontrol.IBMcharactersetsandtextmodes..ParadisedeliverscharactersetsidenticaltoIBMofferings.(9x14characterboxformonochromeand8x8characterboxforcolor/graphicmodes.)Built-infullycompatibleIBMtypeprinterport.ey;10.Usetwocardsforsimultaneousdisplay.TwoMulti-Displaycards—oroneinconjunctionwithanIBMvideocard—giveyoutheabilitytoperformsimultaneousdisplayontwoscreens,11Individuallyselectablehorizontaland«verticalsyncpolarities:CompatiblewiththewidestrangeofRGBmonitors.12Illustratedmanualwithstep-by-step«instructions.13.FullyIBMcompatiblelightpenandRF-modulatorports.14.Separateconnectorsforeasyfunction=changeswithoutchangingjumpers.TheMulti-DisplayCardhasseparateconnectorsformonochromedisplay;compositevideo;RGBvideo;parallelprinter;lightpen;andRFmodulator.It'snowondertheMulti-DisplayCardisinsuchhighdemand.LookfortheMulti-DisplayCardfromParadiseSystems,Inc.atyourlocalcomputerdealer.Call(415)468-6000orwriteto150NorthHillDriveBrisbane,CA94005,formoreThebestworkingdisplayavailable=forIBM.Flicker-freescrolling—informationevenincolor.SoiSiBemTBMisaregisterectrademarkofInternationalBusinessMachinesS,LNGtnt231savaderofLotusDevaapmentCorporationComputerswithadaptivehardwarede-vicesandspecializedsoftwareactasequalizersfordisabledusers.30Themostautomatedpersonal-computerfactoryintheworldisproducingApple’sch19,1984Computer-doctorbusinessesareRogerBadertscher,formerheadofAtari'spersonal-springinguparoundthecountrycomputerdivision,hashighhopesforhisstart-upasdealers,manufacturersandcompany'snewMindsetcomputer.20thirdpartiescompeteforsharesofMacintoshatrecordrates.82therapidlygrowingmarket.56CoverPhoto:MichaelCarr/PacificHorizonsEditorizae5Events;March19-25.....-.34Reviews:CompaqPlus;NECPC-aSOIfeeeee61miesegaEReviewCapsules©66oegz)SOFTWAREIeeeReviewResnouses370veiSweees72Tapmodelsarepettingloddedoseegon=NENtrotuctsseReviews:Cut&Paste;Knoware.45KEKTI:ReviewCapsules..-...52AdvertisingServices:Advertisers’Aeeeeoecies20ReviewResponsesSeeOeIndex;InfoLink;InfoMart;Classified75“Lapp-T:os:BoeeeeeRigetopp..24ElectronicAntics....----7NewsBriefs........-.27—NewPrograms....-...-54|_THEINDUSTRY_|INDUSTRY___|:TheMacintoshfactory.....-82HARDWAREQWA:ChrisRutkowski.....85IL|HeardonTechStreet.......86ComputersgiveindependencetoBusinessisboomingforcomputer-;Pedidos30tepairshops’.5608isedse88InfoWorldMarch19,1984
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IntroducingtheMostPowerfulBusinessSoftwareEver!{LLCOMMODOREComputers@TELEVIDEO™ZENITH™*SANYO"*NEC"“TIPROFESSIONALCOMPUTER™*SUPERBRAINJR.*EPSON™#AnyCP/M™Computerwith8”DiskDrivesCP/M-basedComputersmustbeequippedwithMicrosoftBASIC(MBASICofBASIC-80)FORYOURTRS-80™*APPLENewsBriefsEachVERSABUSINESSmodulecanbepurchasedandusedindependently,orcanbelinkedinanycombinationtoforma$99.95ee‘ofcurrentandagedpayables,keepingyou”muchmoneyyourcompanyowes,andmaintainsacompleterecordoneachvendor,printschecks,transactionreports,agedpayablesreports,vendorreportyoucanevenletyourcomputeraut‘designedtokeerbackionregardinghow‘WithVERSAPAYABLES™,bepayrollsystemthat999.95andsophisticated,buteasytouseasapiredinformation.Complete:rcBuredntonsarepedormnedautomaticalywith|Apayrollcanberuntotally,automati-entacheckfrombeingprinted,ortoalter"postedtotheVERSALEDGERII™syst‘systemthatgivesyouinstantaccesstrackofallinformationrelated10what"storessalesandpricingdata,alertspoint,andallowsyoutoenter_andprintJABLES™system.VERSAINVENTORY™prints.inventoryvaluereitem|apreset‘ortolinkwiththeVeRSARECEIV/‘epartsofitemsbelowreorderpoint,invent=‘salesreports,pricelists,inventorychecklists,etc.complete,coordinatedbusinesssystem.VeRSALEDGERII™$149.95‘\VersALEDGERIl™isacompleteaccountingsystemthatgrowsasyourbusinessgrows.VERSALEDGERI™canbeusedasasimplepersonalcheckbookresister,‘expandedtoasmallbusinessbookkeepingsystemordevelopedintoalaraecorporategeneralledgersystemwithoutanyadditionalsoftware.‘©VERSALEDGERII™givesyoualmostunlimitedstoragecapacity(300to10,000entriespermonth,dependingonthesystem),©storesallcheckandgeneralledgerinformationforever,printstractor-feedchecks,fandlesmultiplecheckbooksandgeneralledgers,“ageprints17customizedaccountingreportsincludingcheckregisters,ancesheets,incomestatements,transactionreports,accountlistings,etc.\VersALEDGERII™comeswithaprofessionally-written160Page‘manualce-signedforfirst-timeusers.The‘\VeRSALEDGERII™manualwillhelpyouPequicklyfamiliarwithVERSALEDGERIf,usingcompletesampledatafies‘suppliedondisketteandmorethan50pagesofsampleprintouts.SATISFACTIONGUARANTEED!TreatssasenuresisaocaicheeeSeechatteeraseasonnssogetradialcateehFeetoeruarsteoseA(MBASICorBASIC-80)ToOrder:‘WriteorcallToll-free(800)431-2818(N.Y.S.residentscall914-425-1535)*ada$3forshippinginUPSareas+add$5toCANADAones*ornonUPSareas*addproperpostageelsewhereadd$4forC.OD.UPSaproperpoststenoSpatenedDnONaDEALERINQUIRIESWELCOMEmi=eaAlpricesandspecificationssubjecttochange/DeliverysubjecttoavailabiliyMandatoryMacintoshesatschool?DrexelUniversityhasdeclaredthatapersonalcomputerisarequirededucation-altoolforeveryoneofits1,870incomingfreshmen.AppleComputerwillsupplymorethan2,000ofitsMacintoshmicrostotheuniversity,andDrexelwill,inturn,selltheMacstostudentsatthediscountedpriceof$1,000.Drexelwasoneofthefirstuniversitiesinthenationtoannouncethatfreshmeninalldisciplineswouldberequiredtohaveaccesstoapersonalcomputer.Studentsstudyingliberalarts,designandnutrition—aswellasengineering,scienceandbusi—willhavetobecomecompe-tentatusingcomputers.Theabilitytousecomputersis“increasinglyessentialforthewell-educatedindividual,”saysDrexelPresidentWilliamHagerty.Studentswillnotbeencouragedtocarrytheirmicrostoclass,buttotaketheirdiskettestouniversityfacilitiesdevelopedforthisprogram.Aftergradua-tion,studentscantaketheirMacintosheshomeforkeeps.ATaiwancopythat’slegal:Notallmade-in-TaiwancomputersareillegalcopiesoftheAppleIIPlus.RomarComputerSystemsofWoodlandHills,California,distributestheRomarIl,alegalApple-compatiblecomputermanufacturedinTaiwanandapprovedforentryandsaleintheUnitedStatesbytheU.S.CustomsService.The$695computerisa6502-basedmicrowith64Kofrandom-acmemoryandatypewriter-likekeyboardwithnumerickeypad.ItcomeswithaZ80cardthatallowsuserstooperateCP/Matnoextracost.“TheRomarisApplecompatible,notacloneoracopy,”saysHalSmith,chiefexecutiveofficerofRomar.“IthasbeendesignedtoworkwithAppleprogramsandaccessorieswithoutinfringingonApple’sproprietarycircuitryorread-onlymemo-ries[ROMs].Toaccomplishthislegalmilestone,Romarengineershadtobreaknewgroundincomputerdesign,whichisamuchmoreexpensivewaytoenterthebusinessthenmerelycopyinganexistingsystem,”hesays.On-linelotterylaunched:Washingtonstate’syear-oldlotteryenteredthecom-puteragewiththerecentadditionofanon-linenumbersgamethatpaidoutatotalAresidentbetsontheWashingtonlottery.of$693,270to8,564luckybettorsinitsfirstmonthofoperation,accordingtoChristineYorozuofthestatelotterycommission.Lotteryagentspunchinthethree-digitbetsonCyber18computersconnectedbydedicatedtelephonelinestoacentralcomputerinOlympia,Washington,main-tainedbyControlDataCorporation.Playerscanplacebetssixdaysaweek(SundaysandChristmasareexcluded)atabout500conveniencestoresandotherbusinesses.Thestatelotterycommissionexpectsanother1,600to2,000terminalstobeinstalledbeforetheendoftheyear.Dailydrawingsawardwinningsofbetween50¢and$25,000,dependingontheoddswhenthebetwasplaced.Washingtonisthefirstwesternstateandthefourteenthstateinthecountry(aswellastheDistrictofColumbia)tolaunchanon-linegame,Yorozusaid.Softwarethatratesothersoftware:TheNationalScienceFoundationhasawardeda$120,000granttoascientistatBrandeisUniversitytodevelopacomput-erprogramthatcanmeasuretheefficien-cyofothercomputerprograms.JacquesCohen,professorofcomputerscience,willdirectateamdevelopingaprogramtoanalyzeandevaluatethespeedandaccuracyofothersoftwarebyusingthecomputeritself.“Thereisanendlesschoiceofcomput-erprogramstodospecifictasks,butaprogramwhichcananalyzethesepro-grams—findingstrengths,weaknessesand,aboveall,efficiency—hasneverbeendeveloped,”Cohensays.Thenewprogramisexpectedtoeliminatetheneedtoactuallyruncomputerprogramstotesttheirefficiency.“Theoreticianshavebeentryingtoanalyzeprogramstodetermineefficiencythroughmathematicalreason-ing,buttheirconclusionsare,atbest,estimates,’’accordingtoCohen.Hissoftwareshould“‘givetheuseratruepictureofeachprogram’sefficiencyonanygivencomputer.”Focusingonthemicromarket:InfoCorp,acomputer-industrymarket-analysisfirminCupertino,California,hasannouncedasyndicatedservicethatwillprovidecomputermakerswithvideotapesoffocus-groupsessionsonthelatesttrendsandwhimsofthecomputermarket.ConsumerVisionissupposedtokeepmarketing,salesandengineeringdepart-mentsintouchwiththerealitiesofthemarketplace.Focusgroupsareexpectedtogivecomputerandperipheralmakersinsightintothe“paradoxesthatsurroundthepeoplewhobuyandusecomputers,”accordingtothecompany.Theservicewillalsolookatthosewhoinfluencecomputerbuys:MISdirectors,managersandcom-puterretailers.Topicsforthefirstyearoftheserviceinclude:mobilecomputers,theopportuni-tyfornon-IBMmicrocomputersinFor-tune1000businesses,microcomputersasofficeworkstationsandwhatkindsofadvertisingcampaignsforhardwareandsoftwareareeffectiveGet-wellmessagesintheHelpmenu?HallmarkCardshasbecomeadealerofRealWorldaccountingsoftware,whichthegreeting-cardcompanyissellingtoitsfranchisedcardstoresaspartofaprogramtoautomateitsnetworkof12,000franchises.TheGeneralLedger,AccountsPayableandPayrollpackagesrunontheIBMPersonalComputerandPCXT.ComputerDataCorporationofKansasCity,Missouri,isprovidingHallmarkwiththesoftwareandwillprovideseminarsandproductsupport.TheRealWorldprogramsrunon8-,16-and32-bitmicrocomputersandrunonmanyoperatingsystems.Altentionphotobugs:Inadditiontopublish-ingallthemicrocomputernewsfittoprint,InfoWorldwouldliketoimprovetheappear-anceofthissectionwithinteresting,ifnotarresting,photos.We'despeciallylikecandidshotsofsomeofthemoversandshakersinthemicrocomputerbiz.Photocreditswillbegiven.Sendblack-and-whiteprintstoInfoWorld,attentionTomShea,1060MarshRoad,SuiteC-200,MenloPark,CA94025InfoWorldMarch19,198427
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DATABASEMANAoldnumberofrecords.05,939.PeopleNewOrleansisfullofinterestingsights,butfewweremoreinterestingthanthesightofApple’schairman,StevenJobs,intentlyengagedinconversationwithLSDveteranandrecentcomputer-convertTimothyLeary,inahospitalitysuiteatSoftcon.JobswastheretocutsoftwaredealsfortheMacintosh,andLeary’sattendancewasinconnectionwithXORCorporation,aMinnetonka,Minnesota,softwarefirm.Learyisworkingonhisdesignofa24-module“braingame”thathebelieveswillhelppeoplechangethewaytheythinkandlive.Leary’spresenceattractedtheattentionofbothJobsandApplecofounderStephenWozniak,whovisitedLeary’ssuiteatseparatetimesforademonstration.XORofficials,whoseemedtobeaccustomedtothefilm-industrystyleofdoingbusiness,didaHollywoodblitzonJobs.TheyweretryingtohimtherightstotheirbraingameandtwootherXORproducts—butrumorhasitthenegotiationsweresomewhatlessthancordialandwewon’tbeseeingLeary’sgameontheMacintos!TomSyndersings“RunfortheMoney.”TomSnyderhadpartygoersdoingdoubletakesattheScarboroughSystemsbashatSoftcon.Notonlydidheshowoffpackagesofhislatestgame(entitledRunfortheMoney)tobemarketedbyborough,butSnyderalsoshowedoffhistalentsasTomSnyder,CBSrecordingartist,bydoingacoupleoffull-tiltversionsofhislatestsongcalled—youguessedit—“RunfortheMoney.”(SnyderalsocreatedthepopulargamesSnooperTroopsandtheSearchSeries.)Rockwasn’ttheonlymusicalgenrerepresent-ed:ScarboroughhiredtheSouthernUni-versityMarchingBandtoputonagreatMardiGras-styleshow,andabluesandjazzbandfilledinbetweenSnyder’srenditionsof“RunfortheMoney.”CharlieChaplinmayhavebeencute,butAlbertEinsteinwassmartaswell—andheisasimmediatelyrecognizableasStevenJobsandTimothyLearydiscuss“braingames”Chaplin’sLittleTrampcharacter.Sothegooddoctorhasrecently-beenadoptedbyArmorSystemsasasymbolfortheFloridacompany.“EinsteinhadauniqueformulawithE=MCsquared,”saidNeilPeiman,vice-presidentofsalesforArmor,“‘andwethinkwehaveonetoo.”EinsteinisreallyactorMikeBasile.HismakeupforSoftconwasdonebyformerDisneyartistBruceMiller,whospendsaninitialfourhourstransformingBasileintothetousle-hairedprofessor.BecauseoftheheatintheSuperdome,Millerhadtodotouchupsevery45minutes.MikeBasileposesasAlbertEinstein“Ttreallygrabsyou,doesn’tit?”saidNickBarnett,marketingdirectorforPsycomp,oftheposterthatcanbese:betweenBarnettandashowgoer.Andweadmit,yes,itisagrabber.PsycompIf-helpsoftwarethatrelatestofourentareasofpsychology.TheposteradvertisesaprogramcalledTreatingSexualProblemsthatissupposedtotreatjustwhatthepostersaysitwilltreat.It’an“interactive”ten-sessionprogramwhich,accordingtotheliterature,‘‘clari-fiesfrequently-heldmisconceptionsandintroducescorrectivemeasurestoover-cometheproblems.LETSTALKPerilSOUTVeRECTIONqNickBarnettdiscussesPsycompsoftware.ThisissueofInfoWorldisthedebutofourPeoplepage.We'llberunningiteveryotherweekwithpicturesand,wehope,somewhatquirkyandunusualstoriesaboutpeopleintheburgeoningmicrocomputerindustry.Wewel-comecontributionstoPeople.Ideally,wewouldlikeablackandwhite8%10-inchphotographtoaccompanyyouranecdote.Youwon'tgetanymoney,butyou'llgetyournameonthepage—andyou'llhaveourundyingapprecia-tion.Whatmorecouldyouwant?—DeniseCaruso,Peopleeditor.32March19.1984InfoWorld
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LouisianalegislationwouldpunishsoftwarepiratesBYJIMBARTIMOSeniorWriterouisianapoliticsbrieflytookthespotlightatSoftconinNewOrleanswhenLouisianaSecretaryofStateJamesH.Brownannouncedpendinglegislationdesignedtopreventtheunau-thorizedduplicationanddistributionofcomputersoftware.Ifpassed,thebillwillmakeLouisianathefirststatetohavesuchalaw.StateofficialshopethelawwillmakeLouisianamoreattractivetohigh-techcompanies.Brown,speakingatapressconferencesponsoredbyVaultCorporation,asoft-wareprotectioncompany,saidthattheSoftwareLicenseEnforcementActwillbeintroducedinthecurrentlegislativeses-sionbytwoDemocrats,StateSenatorWilliamAtkinsandRepresentativeAlAter.Undertheproposedlaw,auserwouldautomaticallyagreetoacceptthetermsofanenclosedlicensingagreementbypurchasingoropeningasoftwarepackage.Bybecomingalicenseeofthesoftware,auserthencouldbepunishedforanycopyrightinfringement.Thisbillisintendedtostrengthensignificantlytheabilityofsoftwarepub-lishersanddistributorstoenforcetheirrightsundertradesecretandcopyrightlaws,”Brownsaidinconjunctionjointstatementfromthelegislators.billstrikesabalancebetweenthelegiti-mateinterestsofthesoftwareindustryinpreventingpiracyandthelegitimateinterestsofthecustomerswhoacquirecopiesofsoftwarepursuanttolicenseagreements.VaultCorporationchairmanKragBrotbysaidhiscompanyhelpedwritemostofthebillforBrownandthelegislators,andthattheannouncementwastimedtocoincidewithSoftconcomingtoNewOrleans.Vault,ofWestlake,California,‘ketstheProlokSoftwareProtectionSystemtosoftwaredeveloperswhowanttoprotecttheirsoftwarefrombeingcopied.Prolokisusedbymanysoftwaredevelopers,includingAshton-TateandInformatics,saidBrotby.TheLouisianalegislationisneeded,hesaid,becausesoftwareprotectionschemescanalwaysbebroken.eStart-upfirmannounceswindowingpackageforPCjrBYKATHYCHINReporterrillian,aLosGatos,California,softwarestart-up,hasannounceditwillbeofferingthefirstwindowingpackageforthenewIBMPCjrthisApril.UnveiledatSoftconinNewOrleans,VisuALLisaprogramdesignedtosimplifytheuseofexistingsoftwareonthemarket.Insteadofmemorizingkeyboardcom-mands,userscanselectfromanon-screenwindowofoptionswithamouseorwithdesignatedarrowke:oftwaredevelop-ersarecallingVisuALLa“‘shell’”’productthatfunctionsasakindofaoryprogramforexistingoff-the-shelfsoftware.Trillian’spresidentPeterRedfordsaidthefirmwillbeshippingaVisuALLshellfortheIBMPersonalEditorforthePCjrthatwillsellforbetween$50to$70.“WehavedevelopedawindowfunctionwithintheboundariesTrillionofferingdoesnotintegratemulitipleprograms,butmakesindividualapplicationseasiertouse.“Thisprogrameliminatestheus:dependenceonlengthymanuals,whicharemoreofahindrancethananaid,”’Redfordsaid.“OurwindowsletpeopletellthecomputerwhattodoinplainEnglish,ratherthanincomputerlanguages.iserswhowishtocustomizetheirownIBMPCapplicationscanpurchasetheVisuALLPC-DOSshellfor$99.95.RedfordclaimsthatuserscancreateshellsforanysoftwarethatoperatesontheIBMPCanditslook-alikes.eRadioShackintroducesdiskdriveforModel100BYSCOTTMACESeniorWriteradioShackhasintroduceda$799R5¥-inchsingle-diskdriveforitsModel100portable.Includedwiththedriveisspaceforanoptionalsecondfloppy-diskdrive,whichcosts$240.ThedriveboxalsoincludesconnectionstolinktheModel100toacomputermonitorand/ortelevisionset.The5%-inchsingle-sideddiskdrivestores184Kofinformationononefloppy.‘AccordingtoRadioShackspokespersonEdJuge,thediskformatisincompatiblewithotherTRS-80diskformats,suchasthosefortheColorComputerorModel4.Unlikethelap-sizeModel100,theModel100diskdriveisnotportable.Itisaboutaslongandwideasthe100,butisapproximatelythreetimestheportable’sheight.TheModel100itselfcanstoreupto32Kinitsnonvolatilerandom-accesmemory.Previouslytheonlyadditionalstorageavailableforthe100wasthroughaseparatecassettetaperecorder.ThediskdriveattachesthroughacablethatplugsintothebottomoftheModel100.TheplugfitsintotheslotreservedforROM(read-onlymemory)moduleslocatedbehindadooronthebottomofthemachine.Jugesaysthatwhenusersbuythedrive,theymustremovetheROMmoduledoorandrepl:itwithonedesignedtoacceptthedisk-drivecable.Thevideo-interfacesectionofthedriveincludesabuilt-inRFmodulatorforconnectingthecomputertoatelevision.Acomputer/televisionswitchboxisincludedwiththedrive.Monitorsortelevisionswilldisplay25linesofcopyonthescreen.Whenconnected,thediskdriveauto-maticallyloadsspecialsoftwareintotheModel100thatlinksthedrivetothecomputerthroughthebuilt-inBasiclan-guage.AModel100musthaveaminimumof16KRAMtousethedrive.NEC,whichmanufacturesalap-sizecomputersimilartotheRadioShackproduct,planstointroduceadisk-driveunitforitsmachinethisJune.Unlikethe5¥-inchRadioShackunit,NEC’smodelwillhaveaCMOSbattery-powered,3¥-inchdouble-densitydrive.ThepriceoftheNECdrivehasnotbeenset.eInfoWorldMarch19,1984RG:Abovetotestacker,acranelikevehic!usedtodeliverparMacintoshcomputersavetestedforqualityduringa24-hourburn-incycle.Topright:A‘stoworkstations.Bottomright:Circuitsaretakenbyamachinefromreelsandautomaticallyinsertedonprintedcircuitboards.TheMacintoshFactoryBYKATHYCHINReporterhenthefoundersofAppleComputerbegan“manufac-turing”thefirstApplesinagaragebackin1976,theysetaproductiontargetof50unitsamonth.Today,Applesaysitcanproduceuptoamillionunitsayearofitslatestcomputer,thehighlytoutedMacintosh.TohelpreachthatgoalApplebuilta160,000square-footcomput-er-manufacturingfacilityinFremont,Cali-fornia.“We'vespentover$20milliontobuildthe[personal-computer]industry'sfirstautomatedplant...we'llbeproducinguptooneMacevery27secondsbyMarch,”saidStevenJobs,cofounderandchairmanoftheCupertino,California,company,inaninterviewtwomonthsago.TodatethefactoryhasonlybeenabletoreachJob’sspeedyproductiongoalonanirregularbasis.Still,theAppleemploy-eesconnectedwiththeprojectmaintainahighdegreeofenthusiasmandmanyoutsideobserverssaythey'reimpressedwithwhatthefirm’saccomplishedsofar.“Applehasthepremiereautomatedmicrocomputerfactory,”saysananalystAppleinvestsinState-of-the-artmanufacturingTheanalogandlogicboardsproducedatApple'sMacintoshfactorywillpassbythestationsofsevenassemblyworkersontheirwaytocompletion.atCreativeStrategiesinSanJose,Califor-nia.Butanotherindustryobserverwhomonitorsfactoryautomationcristhepressforlaudingthefactory,whichshesaysofferslittlenewinequipmentthathasn'talreadybeeninstalledinothermanufacturingplants.“It’sanexcitingmoveforcomputercompanies,”saysSusanMcGarry,seniormarketanalystatTheYankeeGroupinBoston.‘Butit’snotasrevolutionaryaseveryonemakesit.Itcamealongonlybecausecomputerfirmsarefeelingpressurefromoffshorecompet-itors.Theautomobilemakersfeltthatpressurefirst.”“WehavegreatrespectforJapanesemanufacturing,”saysJohnSculley,Ap-ple’spresident.“We'vedecidedtobeamajorplayerinmanufacturingtechnology.InthreeyearswewanttobeasgoodastheJapanese.”AlthoughApple’sstate-of-the-artfac-torymaybeafirstforpersonal-computermanufacturing,someoftheequipmentisalreadyinuseatautomobileplantssuchasChrysler’s.“Nowhigh-techisadoptingtechniquesthathaveexistedin‘smoke-stack’Amerca,”saysRobHowie,ofTheYankeeGroup.Butwhereasfactoryautomationis82March19,1984InfoWorld
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PositionsAvailableCOMPUTERSERVICESCONSULTANT|-Full-time,permanentposition.Salary$1826/Month.Requirements:Associate!‘ArtsDegreeindataprocessingand2yearsexperienceindesign,developmentormain:tenanceofsoftwaresystems.ProficiencyinBASICorPASCALorFORTRAN.Twoyearsadditionalprogrammingorsystemsanalystworkmaybesubstitutedforre-uitededucation.ApplicationmaterialsmaybbepickedupattheClarkCollegePersonne!Office,1800E.McLoughlinBivd.,Vancou-ver,WA98663(206)699-0105,andmustberetumedby4:00P.M.,March26,1984,MANAGING,TECHNICALMAGAZINEEDITORS:LiveinaCoastalMaineTown.COMPUTERCOMMUNICATIONS,67ELM.ST.,CAMDEN,MAINE04843,WRITERtoevaluateaccounting,tax,andfi-nancesoftware.Fulltimeorfreelance.SendresumeandsamplestoBox26183.Milwaukee,Wi53226.usinessOpportunitiesMAKEMONEYWITHYOURMICRO—50.Greatideas.Send$10toMicroinfoCenter,PO1176,Scarsdale,NY10583ConsultantsMICROCOMPUTEREXPERTS—Ifyouhavetheknowledgeandcommunicationskillstoteachtheuseofpopularmicrocom:PuterandsoftwareprogramstocomputerNovices,contactusforalucrativepublish-ingopportunityorsendresume.TALK-WARE,INC.,5455WilshireBI.,Suite1805,LosAngeles,CA90036(213)930-0936,DISKCONVERSIONS—Over100formats(6&5%")-CP/M,CP/M-86&PC-DOS.GoldenComputerSystems,2303LakeHarbinRd.Morrow,GA30260,AC404-1961-2485/2345TELEMARKETINGYOURPRODUCTS,tionaltimktgfirmprovidestoll-free#’stoUseinyouradsforlit,orders,&techsales.Hi-techmgmt,1-800-547-5000.DelawareIncorporationService.$295.DelCorpServ”,302-852-2226,Box2205,Wikmington,DE19899,THECHURCHInformationManagementSystem.ADAMIisamodularsoftwarepackagewrittenindBASEllbyMelvin‘Schell,anationallyknownChurchConsul-tantandformerIBMexecutive.ADAMIlisthemostcomprehensive,easy-to-useChurchsoftwareavailable.Itwillrunonvir-tuallyanymicrocomputer.Forfullinforma-tioncall(404)329-0091orwriteOMEGAINFORMATIONSYSTEMS,P.O.Box450125,Atlanta,GA30345,DealerInqui-riesWelcome.1983TAXPREPPROGRAMMultiolan™templatesforIBM-PC,TRS-80Mods1I/12/16,andTandy2000.28sched's,caloulatesdeprec.,fullysupported.PrintsOMBforms(Pg182inc!)$95.“84Planneravail.ApriCallforclubdiscounts.ObjectivePlanning,3301ExecutiveDr.,Ste.102,Raleigh,NC27609919/878-0022VisaiMCaccptAPPLEPROGRAMMERS!STOPPIRATES:NOW!FlexiblesoftwareprotectionforAp-ples,(IBMPCsoon).AllowsusertoCOPYyourdisksforBACKUPSortoHARDDISK,butinhibitsusebyunauthorizedApplecom-puters.GalwayElectronics,1325SnellIsleBivd..St.Petersburg,FL33704.Call(813)821-8855.ALLNEW-DBase11(2.80)$250,Word-starProfessionalPack(3.3)$295,Visifile$50.201-687-0434SOFTWARECATALOGforallcomputersystems,programsplusrelated.items.S2pp.KHALEEL-Comp.Div.,224CentreSt.NY,NY10013*(212)966-4426.It'seasytosellyourSoftwareinInfoWorld’sClassifieds.CallRichardHengeholdat800-344-INFOinCaliforniaor'800-227-8965outsideCalifornia.HardwarePRINTER-C.ItohF10(40cps),6Mos.Old,MintConditionw/Tractor$700.201-687-0434NEWEDUCATIONALGAMEforSchoo!orHome-TUTORTAG.RequirestwoAppleComputers.includeschasegamediskette,documentation,andMicro-Cableconnec-tor.$79.95,Zorich,18W.MissionStreet.SantaBarbara,CA93101(805)682-7763.withthefastmicrocomputers.InfoWorld’sremindedweeklyofthefast-phimorhertobeonthelookouont.ClassifiedadsofferreadersmessageClear,bringingthetheperesultsinanaction-orientedconsumer,whoistforpromisingopportunities.It’sapsychologicaladvan-tagethatcanmakeallthedifferenceinyourClassifiedresponse.Formoreinformationon4602.OutsideCaliforniacalltollfreeat(800)227-?thatwillmakeyoursalesbuyertothesale.Also,InfoWorldispublishedeveryweek,ne(13businessdays)ofanypublicationdevotedtoandencouragescallRichardHengeholdat(415)328-8365.InsideCalifornia(800)344-4636.InfoWorld|March19,198481oftenimplementedtosaveonlaborcosts,Appleofficialsinsistthattheireffortsarenotfocusedonreplacingworkers,butonensuringthatthecomputerisabsolutelyperfectwhenitrollsofftheassemblyline.“UnliketheLisa,theMacintoshistreatedasahigh-volumeproduct,”saysGeorgeIrwin,oneoftheengineerswhoplannedthefactoryfromthegroundup.“Weexpecttosellmillions,sowehavetoproducethemquickly.”Quicklyisanunderstatement.Ittakes26minutestobuildonemachine.Preciselyevery27seconds,apristine,$2,495Macintoshrollsoffanassemblylinereadytobeboxedanddeliveredtodistributorsnationwide.AtApple’sDallasfactory,anAppleIlecomesoffconveyorbeltseverysixminutesandtakesfarlongerthantheMacintoshtobuild.Irwinsayshehopestocrackthe27-secondrecordandisshootingforaMacevery13seconds.ToremaincompetitivewithcomputermanufacturinginJapan,Macintoshwasbuiltwitheightmajorcompo-nentsthatfittogetherinasimplefashion.“BeforeJapancomesuptospeedwithcomputers,wewanttostayaheadofthegame,”saysIrwin.Inordertokeepproduc-tiononschedule,theassem-blyworkershavelessthan22secondstocompletetaskssuchasadjustingthechipsontheanalogboardsorcheck-ingthehousingforscratches.Whenanoverheadcarrierisinstalled,sometimethismonth,itwilltravelalongtheredtrackssuspendedfromtheceilingtodeliverpartstoeachemployee’sworkstation.“Ifanyemploy-eehastoreachfurtherthan30inchesforapart,wehaven’tdoneourjob,”saysIrwin,explainingthethinkingbehindtheassembly-linede-sign.Whenengineerssketchedplansforthesite,theyde-signedtheassemblylinesinsuchawaythatveryfewhandswouldactuallytouchorbelievethelesshumaninter-vention,thehighertheprod-uctquality,”saysproductionmanagerSamKhoo.Anautomaticguidancevehiclesystem(AGVS)—athree-foothighvehicle—roamsfromonestationtoanotherdeliver-ingkeyboards,circuitboardsandothercomponentsthatmakeupthe20-pound,32-bitcomputer.WhentheelectronicEINDUSPolaroideyescansthestoreroomandseesatraythatneedstobetransferred,itwillsendasignaltotheAGVSmicroprocessorthatwillthencausetheentirevehicletomove.Thefactoryhasfiveofthese$30,000machines.Althoughhighlyex-pensive,Koosaystheelectronicdevicessaveonmanual-laborcostsandresultinaTop:GeorgeIrwin,oneoftheoriginalfactoryengineers,showsoffstacksofnewMacintoshcomputersandproudlydisplayshisshirtwiththeIBMlogo.ItstandsforIbuildMacs.Bottom:ObservershavecomparedtheFremont,CaliforniaplanttoaLegoblockfactory.The160,000square-footmanufacturingfacilitycostiifetreicumpatcraarissWeApplemorethan$20millionandisdesignedtokeepthecompanycompetitivewithcomputermanufacturinginJapan.Apple’Macintoshevery27secondsattheplant.higheroutput.Overintheprintedcircuitboardassemblyarea,eachanalogboardauto-maticallyslidesoutontotheassemblyline,eliminatingtheneedfortheoperatortoliftitofftherackbyhand.Auto-insertionmachinesmountcircuitsandmodulesontheanalogandlogicboards.Whenadefectgoalistoproduceones,themachinewillstop.That’swhenhumaninterventionplaysapart:Ittakesahumanoperatortoalignaskewedcircuitortoreplaceadefectivepart.Atotestackerisyetanotherautomat-eddeliverydevice.Thenarrow,yellow,cranelikevehicleslidesalongatrack,placing50-poundtotesfullofpartsintopreselectedchutesthatarestacked18levelshighand110chutesacross.Duringanygiventime,thereareatleast4,000totesintheracks.Thisautomaticdeliverysystemminimizestheneedtocarrythetraysovertothevariousworkstations.‘AttheMacfactory,theprocessofburn-in,aprocedurefortestingchipcomponents,receivesmorestringentat-tentionthanatotherpersonal-computermanufacturingfacilities,saplantofficial.TwoassemblylinesofMacintosh:componentsaretestedforqualitybybeingturnedonandoffeveryhourduringa24-hourburn-incycle.(AMacintoshcontrolstheflowofpartsdownthetwolines.)“Othercompaniesturnthecomputeronandjustlettheircomput-erssitthere.Wecausemorestresstothecomponentsbyturningitoffandon.Thiswaythedefectivecompo-willappearrightsaysKhoo.Thegoalhereistoachievelessthana3%mortalityrate.Thatgoalhasalreadybeenattained,accordingtoKhoo.InadditiontosellingtheMacsitmanufacturesattheFremontsite,Applealsoplanstousesomeoftheminplantoperations.Currently,thereareapproximately120AppleIlesandAppleIllsthatdoubleasterminals,feedingaccountingandinventorydataintotwoDECPDP11/70minicomputers.Inthenearfuture,AppleplanstousetheMacstohandlethosetasksandtocontroltestingproceduresaswell.AvisitorhasnotroubleidentifyingtheFreemontsiteasafactory,butit’sanApple-stylefactory.RedpipesthatresemblethechaosofLosAngelesfreeways,yellowstairsandblueassemblylinesthatseemtomeanderonformilesmakethecountry’mostsophisticatedpersonal-computerfac-torylookasthoughitwereconstructedwithgiantLegoblocks.ApplearchitectsdeliberatelydesignedtheplantwiththevividhuesnotonlytomatchthosefoundontheApplelogo,butalsotoeliminatethedrabnessusuallyinherentinmanufacturingfacilities.InfoWorldMarch19,198483
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March1984DEPARTMENTS6PUBLISHER’SMESSAGE10INSIGHT14BIGBLUESHEET18NEWS30MICROTRENDS36COUNTERVIEWS43CLOSEUP74SOURCEBOOK80PEOPLE82NEWPRODUCTS86BOOKBANK90CALENDAR30USINGTHETAXCODEASASELLINGTOOLbyMichaelGilboyInthefirsteditionofhisnewcolumn,Microtrends,GilboyexploreshowthefederaltaxstructurecanaidthePCretailer.43THEINDEPEN-DENT’SDILEMMA:STAYINGAFLOATINHEAVYSEASbyGordonMcCombIndependentcomputerdealerstackandjibethroughthevola-tilewatersofthePCmarket,rollingwiththeswells,whiledreadnaughtslikeComputer-Landplowasteadycoursethroughstormyseas.54APPLEVSIBM:ROUND2byBetsyGilbertAppleComputerlostitscham-PpionshipwhentheIBMPCde-liveredaknockoutblowin1982.NowAppleisbackintheringwithitsbantam-weightMacintosh,readyforarematchwithBigBlue.CoverIllustration:CarolineAlterio;Illustrationp.54:AlanWitschonkePCRETAILING(ISSN0736-0894)ispublishedmonthlybyBartexPublishingGroup,Inc.,115SecondAvenue,Waltham,MA02154-9980.Second-classpostagepaidatBoston,MAandadditionalmail-ingoffices.POSTMASTER:SendaddresschangestoPCRetailing,115SecondAvenue,Waltham,MA02154-9980.60THEMACCHALLENGEbyGordonMcCombAnin-depth,hands-onlookattheMacintosh,thenewestmemberoftheApplepersonalcomputerfamily.68VIDEODISPLAYSSHOWPROMISEbyKenMayoInteractivevideosalesaidsaregettingasecondlookfromretailersandPChardwareandsoftwarecompaniesastheirinstalledbaseincreasesandnewmarketersplantoin-creasetheirusefulnessMARCH1984PCRETAILINGPAGE9Finally,Sharp’sPC-5000putsdesktopcomputingwhereit’sneverbeenbefore.Inthefield.Nowyoucandowordprocessingonthetrain,informationmanagementonsiteandspreadsheetanalysisinyourhotelroom,Youcannowcommunicatewithmainframesanddatabases.Plus,it’sdesignedsoitcaneasilybeintegratedintoyoursystems./3¥2""Hx12”Dx13’°W82xpandableto256KRAMppydrives/320Keach*©Integrated37CPSwhisper-quietcorrespondence-qyprinter*;e@MS-DOS"operating/IBMcompatibil@Fold-downdisplayforbriefcasetransporting/8linesx80columnse8-hourrechargeablebattery:©Softwareoffering—numberprocessing,wordproing,communicationsandinformationmanagementeDirectconnectmodem*Nationwideserviceprogram@ImmediatelyavailableSobeforeyoudecidetobuyacomputerthat’snotgoinganywhere,lookintoSharp'sPC-.Ttgoeseverywhere!Formoreinformationalltoll-fi84sendinthecoupon.FROMSHARPMINDSCOMESHARPPRODUCTSarpElectronicsCorp.,P.O.Box204,Wayne,NJ07470‘moreinformationahoutSharp'sPC-5000.Tite.Company—StreetCityState.oeZip.Sx)1N{S-DOSisaregisteredtrademarkofMic‘Corp.oieaeSharpElectronicsCorp..10SharpPlaza,Paramus,NJ07652aezEeDept.SPCR-3-4Circlenumber30Soninquirycard
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APPLEbyBetsyGilbertPAGE54PCRETAILINGMARCH1984LikeSugarRayLeonardcomingoutofretirementtoannouncethathe’sgoingtowinbackhistitle,AppleCom-puter,Inc.haslettheworldknowthatit’sbackinfightingshapeandreadytotakeonthechamp:IBM.EveryonewhoreadsthenewspaperorwatchestelevisionmustknowbynowthatJanuary24wasApple’sbigday.Usingitsannualshareholders’meetingasaforum,theCupertino,CA,companynotonlyunveiledthemuchballyhooedMacintoshcomputer,butalsoitsnew“‘look’—thatofaproductfamilyorientedcorporation,offeringsomethingforeveryoneand,mostimportantly,analterna-tivetoIBM.Amidcheersandwhistlesfrommostoftheemployee-shareholdersamongastanding-room-onlycrowdofmorethan2,500,Apple’sco-founder/chairmanStevenJobsanditspresidentJohnSculleycombinedtheannounce-mentsofApple’snewproductlinewithalookatitsnewfightingstancefeaturingslickvideopresentationsonthecompany,itspeopleanditsproducts.Themessageofallofthiswasperfectlyclear:AppleisitchingtotakeonBigBlue,toe-to-toe.Thequestionis,canApplemakeacomeback?Accord-ingtothemarketresearchfirmDataquest,Inc.,thetrend-settingcomputercompanyexperiencedalosslastyearofalmosthalfitsshareofthepersonalcomputermarket-place,aswellasadramaticearningsdownturn.Despitethefactthat1983wasApple’sworstyeartodate,Sculleyhasbeenquotedassayingthat1984isthe“‘yearApplefightsback,”thathe,Jobsandtherestaregamblingthefutureofthecompanyonthesuccessofthenewproductfamily.Itdoesappeartobegettingitsstrengthback,aswitnessedbythefactthatitshippedmorethan110,000unitsinDecember,forsalesof$160million.Ifthat’snotfightingback,whatis?Accordingtoindustry-watcherEstherDyson’sJanuary23issueofherRELease1.0newsletter,thenewproductfamilyconceptstrengthensApple’splaceinthemarket,becauseusersareincreasinglylookingforflexibilityandexpandabilityinthemachinestheybuy.TheApple32SuperMicrofamilyofcomputersoffersboth,asdoestheThenew32SuperMicrolineseemstocoverallthebases.Atthelowend,ifyoucancallitthat,istheMacintosh(foranin-depthlookatthisproduct,seetheaccompanyingar-ticle).ThencomestheLisa2series,atrioofhigherperfor-manceversionsoftheoriginalLisacomputerintroducedlastyear.ThebasicLisa2offers512kilobytesofinternalmemory,anda31-inchdouble-densitymicrofloppydiskdriveformassstorage,incorporating(asdotherestofthesemodels)a32-bitmicroprocessoratitsheart.TheLisa2/5haseverythingofferedbythebasicmodel,plusanexternal5-megabyteharddisk,andtheLisa2/10addsa10-megabyteharddisktothestandardfeatures.Whenexpandedtoafullmegabyteofrandomaccessmemory(RAM),boththe2/5andthe2/10modelswillruntheintegrated-software-basedLisaOfficeSystem.LiketheoriginalLisacomputer,andtheMacintosh,theupdatedLisamodelsincorporatehigh-resolutiongraphicsandamousepointingdevice.Allthreecomputersinthe
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LisaseriescanrunMacintoshsoft-ware.Pricingonthenewfamilylineisalsoworthnoting.PossiblytakingalessonfromoverallreactiontotheLisa’soriginalsteep$10,000pricetag,Applehasgiventhenewcomersmuchmoreattractiveretails.TheMacintoshsellsfor$2495,theLisa2for$3495,theLisa2/5for$4495andtheLisa2/10for$5495.Allofthiscombinestomeettheneedsofabroadrangeofusers.TheAppleIIlinecontinuestohitthehome/businessusermarket,whiletheLisamodelsappealtothelarge,sophisticatedofficeenvironment.Meanwhile,thelatestaddition—theMacintosh—isaimedheavilyattheso-called‘‘knowledgeworkers,”thosebusinessprofessionalswhodon’tfitintothebigcorporatecate-gory,butwhospendthemajorityoftheirworkingdaysatadesk,prepar-ingmemos,reportsandthelike.RoundingoutthetargetedmarketsfortheMacarecollegestudentsandhomeusers.TheMacintosh,itseems,willnotbelackinginsoftwarepackagestohelpattractthisbroaduserbase.Morethan100softwarecompanieshavemadecommitmentstodevelopprogramsforthenewcomputer.Thecompanyhasstatedthatsome90per-centoftheMacintosh’ssoftwarewillbeprovidedbythirdpartyvendors,andwhenthepresidentsofsoftwareheavyweightslikeLotusDevelop-ment,MicrosoftandSoftwarePub-lishingCorp.publiclyendorsethenewmachine,itisalmostcertainthatotherswillfollow.“TheAppleIlandIBMPCaretheindustry’sfirsttwostandards.WeexpecttheMacintoshtobethethird.”Butthequestionstillremains—willitwork?IsthegambleworththepriceApplewillhavetopayifthisgo-for-brokeattackfallsshort?Industryopiniondiffers,butallagreethatifApplesomehowlosesthegamble,itwon’tbeforlackoftrying.Considerthefinancialinvestment.Fiftymilliondollarswerespentdevel-opingtheLisa/Macintoshlines.Inaddition,thecompanybuiltaAppleComputer’sMacintoshpacksalotofpowerinasmall,portablepackage.$20-millionautomatedfactoryinFre-mont,CA,toturnouttheMacintoshinlargevolume(somesay350,000unitsthisyear;othersgoashighas500,000).Then,there’sthepromo-tionalcampaign:$40millioninadver-tisingfor1984,thebiggestpromo-tionalbudgetinApple’sseven-yearhistory.“We'rereturningtoourroots,”saysJobs,‘‘whichmeansofferinghightechnologyatlowprices.WebelievewecanrepeatthephenomenonoftheAppleIlwiththeApple32SuperMicrofamily,whileexpandingtheAppleIIfamilyatthesametime.TheAppleIIandtheIBMPCbecamethepersonalcomputerindustry’sfirsttwostandards.WeexpectMacintoshtobecometheindustry’sthirdstan-dard.”Confident?Definitely.Premature?Maybe.However,Jobsandcompanyarenotwithoutindustryobserverswhowillagreewiththoseclaims.“ThavenodoubtthattheMac-intoshisgoingtobeaverysuccessfulproduct,”’saysRalphGilman,anin-dustryanalystforInfocorpinCuper-tino.“PeoplehavebeenlininguptobuythemachinesinceitsintroductionandIthinkthatwe'regoingtocon-tinuetoseebigsales.IestimatedearlierthattheMacintoshwouldsellaround350,000in1984,andIstandbythatfigure.”That’sabignumber,andanevenbiggerdollarfigurethatshouldkeepdealersbusy.Applesaysthatitsestab-lishednetworkof3,000U.S.retailcomputerdealerswillaccountfor85percentofthenewproduct’ssales—theremaining15percentresultingfromdirectsales.WiththeIBMPCdominatingthesalespicture,JobsfeelsthatdealersfearinganIBMcon-trolledmarketwillwelcomethenewestcontenderformarketsharewithopenarms.“Ican’tgoalongwiththefeartheory,””saysGilman.‘‘There’snowaydealersareafraidofanIBM-controlledmarket.ThatcompanycameinwiththePCandcreatedasituationwheredealersareabletomakealotofmoney.Italsohelpedtoestablishalegitimacytothisretailchannelofdistribution,whichsimplyContinuedPAGE56PCRETAILINGMARCH1984Continuedwasn’ttherebefore.Ifyouwereadealer,wouldyoubeafraid?Idon’tthinkso.”GilmandoesadmitthatthereissomedealerconcernaboutwhatIBMplanstodointermsofpursuingtheavenueofdirectsaleswithitsmicro-computerproducts.SinceIBMhasbecomeamajorforceinretaildistri-butionandhasdonethejobrightingettingthere,Gilmandoesn’texpectthatthebigcompanywillleavethedooropenforanycompetitortocomeinandtakeover.“TheMacintoshiscreatinganewsituationinthismarket,whichisreallyhealthy,”’Gilmansays.“‘IfIgointoacomputerstoretoday,there’saninterestingproductdistinctionforthesalespersontoshowme.There’sanalternativetoIBMnow,andthatprovidesanincentiveforthecom-puterstores.””Speakingofincentives,AppleisprovidingadandyoneforMacintoshdealers.Inadditiontogivingstoresa35percentdiscountontheproduct,thecompanyhasstartedan‘‘Own-a-Mac”’programwhichgivescomputerstoresalespeopleanopportunitytobuythemachineforonly$750.It’sanofferthatcanscarcelyberefused,onewhichwillboostsalesandprovideyetanothermeansofspreadingtheMac-intoshgospel.Sowhatdothedealersthinkofallthis?“It’sgreat,it’sincredible,it’sex-citing,’proclaimsScottAllen,asalesmanataSanJose,CA,Com-puterlandstore.‘Theinterestinthismachinehasbeenatpeaklevelsinceitsintroduction.Idon’tthinkthein-dustryhasseenanythinglikethissincetheIBMPCwasintroduced.””“There’sanalternativetoIBMnow,andthatprovidesanincentiveforthecomputerstores.”Andthat,Allensays,isaffectingthesalesofComputerLand’sotherproducts,includingthePCitself.Inoneofthechain’sSanFranciscostores,whichsellsprimarilyPCs,thatmachinerangupzerosalesinthefirsttwodaysaftertheMacintoshwasmadeavailable.“Iwashereonedayfromnineinthemorningtillnineatnight,andtherewasalwayssomebodycheckingouttheMacintosh,”’Allensays.Willtheinterestlast?‘‘Ibelieveitwill,’?Allenmaintains.“‘IthinktheMacintoshisgoingtoenjoythesamekindofsalestheIBMPCdidtwo|yearsago,ifpeoplecanbeconvincedthatthemouseisthenextgreatrevo-lutionindatainput.Peoplehavetobeshownthatthisisabigproductivitytool,andnotjustsomekindofgim-mick.Ifdealerscanselltheenduseronthatconcept,thenthemachineisgoingtobeablockbuster.””Thismandoesnotlackenthusiasm.ButisitpossiblehefeelsthelurkingfearofIBMthatJobsalludedto?“Idon’tseeitasfearsomuchascommonsense,”’Allensays.“‘IthinkthatIBMwilleventuallyopenana-tionwidechainof(retail)productcenterssimilartotheonesitnowhas.Thatwillgivethecompanycontrolofhowtheproductispresentedandthepeoplewhopresentit,whichitdoesn’thavenowwiththird-partydistribu-tion.Now,thisisjustmyownopin-ion,butIthinkthatattheendofourdealercontract,IBMprobablywon’tchoosetorenew,andtheMacintoshoffersprotectionfromwhatmightresultfromthatmove.’’Otherdealersarejustasoutspoken.JanetBarbachano,whomanagestheindependentretailstoreComputerPlusinSunnyvale,CA,doesn’tmindadmittingthatshe’sgladtoseethe’Macintosharrive,andthereasonsNay,Continued‘ACMELITE®ALLSOP*AMARAY=AUDIOTECHNICA«BEARCAT*BUSH=CASIO«DISCWASHER«DORGHESTER«FREEDOMPHONE«MURA«NORTRONICS©~ComputerAccessories“Wehave3MDiskettesandHeadCleaningDiskettes!”jaZLUVH.NORTRONICS=SoftwareControlledCleaningSystem8.Lipsitzis#national,full-linedistributorofqualitycomputersoftware,electronics,audioandvideoequipment.msie450MELWOODAVE,PITTSBURGH,PA15213-1-800-245-6350SEGA«PEARLCORDER«RECOTON«ROMOX«SOFTSYNG#P.AC.*WHISTLER*WEBCOR+UMI«TIMEWORKS«TELECONCEPTS«TDK«SAFT*DURACELL«HiSCO}RE*POINTMASTER«JOYSTICKS*CENTIATELEPHONE*ONVIGIN+T73X¥RV*O1ONYUvDN3SNAP*VOVMH*17CirclenumberO6LoninquirycardMARCH1984PCRETAILINGPAGE59
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ContinuedStevenJobs“TheMacintoshisareallyviableproduct—excitingandfun,”shepointsout.“It’salsogoingtobetremendousintermsofgettingcom-putersintothehandsofpeoplewhohavebeenstandingintheback-ground,andthatmeansbigsalesforcompanieslikethisone.”’AndwhatofIBM?‘Appleismucheasiertodealwith,asfarasitsconcernforretailstoresgoes.IBM’sconcernasamega-corporationisbottom-lineprofitabil-ity.That’sobviouslyaconcernofApple’stoo,butAppleseemstoreallybelieveintheideaofapartnershipwithdealers.MyfeelingisthatIBMlooksatusasjustonemorevehiclefordistributingitsproducts.Ifitfindsabettervehicle,it’sgoingtoempha-sizethatandde-emphasizestoreslikethisone.”Retailers’commentsdon’treflectfearasmuchastheydosound,real-isticbusinessattitudes.However,put-tingtheIBMquestionaside,therehasbeensomeconcernbydealersonApple’snewUniversityConsortiumprogram.That,inanutshell,isagroupofleadingAmericanuniver-sitiesinvolvedinpurchasingMacin-toshcomputersinlargevolumes—asmanyas50,000during1984.In-cludingsuchleadinginstitutionsasYale,Princeton,Harvard,Dart-mouth,StanfordandNorthwestern,theprogramisgearinguptobeabigfactorinsales.JohnSculleyThenwhytheconcern?Quitesim-ply,becausethesalesarebeinghan-dleddirectlythroughApple,atasub-stantialdiscount,eliminatingthird-partydealers.That’sleftsomedeal-ers,especiallythoseincollegetowns,abitmiffed.ButnotBarbachano,whosestoreisinanareaheavilypopulatedbycol-legecampuses.“‘Idon’tthinkthisprogramisgoingtohurtoursalesatall,’’shebelieves.‘‘Universitieshavetraditionallygonethroughlongbid-dingprocesses,andhavedealtdirectlywiththemanufacturers.AndwhileIcertainlywouldn’tmindhavingalargerpieceofthat,I’dbeverysur-|prisedifwecouldn’tparticipatewithuniversityusersinsomeway.Besides,it’slikelythattheuniversityprogramwillleadtospin-offsales,whichcanonlybetoouradvantage.”TheMacintoshisbeingtoutedasthecomputer‘‘fortherestofus,’’whichcoversalotofpeopleandalotofground.AsJobssaidduringthere-centshareholdermeeting,thecom-panywantstoreachtensofmillionsofpeople,notwithadequatecom-puters,butwithgreatcomputers(theMacintoshisalsocalled‘‘insanelygreat’’inmanyoftheads.There’sagoodbitatstakehere,nottheleastofwhichisthefutureofAppleComputer.It’stryingforabig-timecomeback,andindoingso,isgoingtoe-to-toewithIBM.TherearemanywhostillbelieveinApple,initsaudaciousstyleandinthecreativitythatmadeitsosuccessfulinthefirstplace.Thenextfewmonthsaregoingtotellwhetherthatbeliefwillpayoff.OoBetsyGilbertisPCR’swestcoasteditor.TheMacChallengebyGordonMcCombThenewcontenderfortheretailcomputersalescrownatfirstglanceseemsmismatchedagainstthecurrentchamp.Infact,thecompressedandcompactbodyoftheMacintoshlooksstrangecomparedtotheIBMPC’s“traditional’’microcomputerprofile.YetthewordisthatinsideMac’ssmallpackageisalotofpowerandperformance,capableofmatchinganythingthatthesophisticatedIBMcandishout.Ontheoutside,Apple’snewMac-intosh—babybrothertoApple’snewlyreleasedLisa2series—mea-suresascant9.5by13.5by11inches,andweighsslightlylessthan17pounds.Theentireunitconsistsofthreeparts:theCPUcabinet,whichhousesalltheelectronics,thebuilt-indiskdrive,anda9-inchblack-and-whitevideomonitor;aseparatefull-sizekeyboard;andacursor-control-lingmouse.Detachablecablescon-nectthekeyboard(which,incidental-ly,iswithoutcursorkeysornumerickeypad)andmousetotheCPUbox.Whilethe$2495Macisn’tdesignedlikethetypicalsuitcase-sizedcom-puter(suchastheKayproorCom-paq),Appleistoutingitastransport-able.AhandleonthetopmakesitasnaptocarryfromdesktodeskandaseparatelyavailablecarryingcaseContinuedContinuedmakesthewholepackageeasytotote.TheMacisa“‘closedsystem.”Theusercan’tplopincardsandaccesso-Tiestoexpanditspower.Majorperipherals—printer,modem,andsoforth—arehookeduptothemachineviaconnectorsmountedintherear.Moreontheselater.Now,popMac’stopandhere’swhat’sinside:AttheheartoftheMacintoshisaMotorolaMC68000microprocessor,consideredbymanytobeoneofthefastestandmostadvanced“‘brains””availableforapersonalcomputerto-day.The68000hasa16/32-bitarchi-tecture,meaningthatithas16datalinesgoinginandoutofitsblackspider-likebody,and32internalTegisterstoperformitscalculations.TheIntel8088,ontheotherhand,themicroprocessorfoundinsidetheIBMPCandPCjr,isan8/16-bitchip:eightdatalinesand16registers.Ob-viously,forsheernumber-crunchingacumen,theMacistheclearwinner.Surroundingthe68000is128Kboftandomaccessmemory(RAM).Thisisn’tmuch,particularlyconsideringthesophisticationofthemicroproces-sor.Andremember,theMacisaclosedsystem,soit’sunabletoacceptadd-onboardswithadditionalRAM.Isthisreallysuchabigproblem?Itdepends.Forone,Macusesaseparatebankof64KbROMformuchofitsoperatingsystem,sonearlyallofthe128KbofRAMcanbeusedfordataandprogramhandling.There’snooverheadtakenupbytheoperatingsystem,asisthecasewithCP/M,MS.DOSandthemajorityofothers.AndwhileMaccan’tacceptdiscreteRAMadd-onboards,itlikelycantakehigherdensityRAMchips.Amaxi-mumcapacityof512Kbshouldn’tbedifficulttoswing.(Somehardwaremodificationmayberequired,how-ever.)MountedinsidetheMacisaSony-style,3.5-inch,double-densitymicro-floppydiskdrive.Thedriveusesmediaencasedinahardplasticshellandhasaformatteddatacapacityof400Kb—animpressiveamountforadisksosmall.Atthepresenttime,theMacintoshisbeingshippedwithsingle-sideddrives.Inthenearfuture,lookfordouble-sideddriveswith800Kbcapacity.WhydidApplechoosethemicro-floppydrive?Firstofall,thedrivesfrom.nEatEopyfubject:‘apata!Nobottomli|_ShowClipboardjaourline.FileSearchFormatFontStylefantUndaAthenaSportupyourpeopleinmarketing,Iwantedtoake(Zapata!thehottestsellingall-sYoucanreadtheattached143-pagereportatyour1eallygivesyoueverythingyouneedtoknowZzortshqire,butthisGraphicsandtextcanbe“‘cut’’and“pasted”’bytheMacintosh.aresmallerthanstandard54-inchmodels,eventhehalf-heightones.ThispermitstheMactohaveasmallerprofile,importantwhencom-petingfordeskspace.Plus,themediaisnearlyindestructible.Standardminifloppydisksareeasilydamaged:setadrinkorbookonone,ordropitontoacarpet,andanydatarecordedonitislikelyforeverlost.Notsowiththe3.5-inchmicro-floppydisks.Thehardplasticshellprotectsthedelicatemediafrommostenvironmentalhazards—dust,dirt,moisture,weight,etc.Thediskisex-posedonlywheninsertedinthemachine;ametaldoorswingsopenwhenitentersthedrive,andspringsshutagainwhenitleaves.TheMac’sdiskscanbecarriedcomfortablyinshirtpocketsormailedacrosscounty,withoutprotectivepacking,withlittlecauseforworry.Finally,it’slikelythatApplefeltcomfortableusingthe‘‘non-standard’’3.5-inchdrivesbecauseseveralothermajormanufacturershavegottenintotheactalready:HewlettPackardanditsHP-150andGavilanwiththeMobileComputer.ButitseemsasifApplehasgonehog-wildovermicrofloppies,redesigningtheLisatousethem,too.IfApplehastheirway,3.5-inchmediamightsomedaybecomethestandard,yank-ingthe54-inchformatoutoffirstplaceatthesametime.Havingjustonediskdrivecanposeproblems:disksoftenhavetobeswappedwhenworkingwitheventhemostsimpleapplications.Andit’sremarkablehoweasyitistofillup400Kbofdiskspace.Allisn’tlost,happily,forAppleoffersasecond,externaldrivethatconnectstotheMacviaaconnectoronthebackofthemachine.Likethebuilt-indrive,theexternalunitisthe3.5-inchvari-ety.Andnowforthereallygoodnews.Third-partyhardwaremanu-facturersDavongandTecmarhavealreadyannouncedharddisksub-systemsfortheMac.TheDavongsys-tems,whichareslatedforintroduc-tionthisspring,forexample,willrangefromahefty5Mbtoanim-pressive32Mbinsize.TheMacincorporatestwoRS-ContinuedPAGE60PCRETAILINGMARCH1984PAGE62PCRETAILINGMaRcH1984
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Byindependentsurvey,over350dealersrecentlyratedRealWorld#1inuserfriendliness,manufacturersupport,demonstratability,dealermargins,features,technicalper-formance,documentationandadaptability.Since1975,over40,000satisfiedendusershavesuc:cessfullyusedvariationsofthesepackagesintheirsmallSES.aRealWorldremainscommittedtotheuncom-promisinglevelofqualityandreliabilitythathasmadeustheleaderinsmallbusinessaccountingpackages.:SelectRealWorldsoftwareandyouwillhavethebackingofknowledgeablesupportpeople,regionalsalesandproducttrainingseminars,self-runningandinteractivedemos,dealertrainingkits,andexcellentresellermargins.BecomeaRealWorlddealer.It’seasy.Callusnowat800-255-1115,extension100,ormailinthecouponbelow.We'llsendyoucompleteinformationatonce.RealWorldCorporationDoverRoad,Chichester,NH03263(603)798-5700Ext.100Circlenumber17MoninquirycardContinued232C/RS-422serialports.Oneismarkedwithatelephonesymbol,theotheraprinterandpaper(theMacusesgraphicsextensively—bothin-sideandout;partofthecompany’sseriouscommitmenttooverseasmar-keting).Buttwoportsaren’tverymuch.Again,third-partydevelopershavecometotherescue.Tecmariscomingoutwithfour-for-oneserialportexpanderandanIEEE-488inter-face;othersbydifferentmakersaresuretofollow.OnelastconnectorappearsontherearoftheMacintosh,thisoneasmallmini-phoneplugmarkedonlywithamusicalnotesymbol.Ontheothersideoftheplug,insideMag,isasophisticatedsound/music/voicesynthesizerthathasarangeofmorethan12octaves,andiscapableofproducingpolyphonicmusicandreplicatinghumanspeech.Noappli-cationssoftwareyetexiststotakead-vantageofthisbuilt-inorchestra,butoneshouldbearoundsoon.Andspeakingofsoftware:it’stheMac’sstrongestlink.Normally,whenanewtypeofcomputerisreleased—onethat’ssoftware-incompatiblewithalltheothers—goodprogramsareslowincoming(ifanyevencomeoutatall).TheMacisdifferent.Atlastcount,over100majorsoftwarehouseswerebusydevelopingorrewritingpro-gramsspecificallyfortheMac.OneisLotusDevelopmentCorp.,whoisre-designingtheirpopularmulti-functionpackage1-2-3fortheMac.AnotherisMicrosoft,whohasalreadyan-nouncedtheimmediateavailabilityoftheirMultiplanelectronicspreadsheetprogram.MicrosoftWord,Chart,andFileareinthedevelopmentstage,andshouldbeavailablethismonth.Happily,Appletookanopen-doorapproachtothedevelopmentoftheMac,andfromthestartencouragedthird-partyprogramminghousestoquietlyworkupsoftwareforit.Infact,thecompanyhopestoseeasmanyas500softwarepackagesoutfortheMacbytheendof1984—spanningseriousbusinessapplicationstoeducationtopersonalproductivitytogames.Inmostcases,likewithMultiplanand1-2-3,theprogramsTheLisa2(left)andtheMacintosharepartofanextendedfamilyofcompatibles.nowappearingaresimplyrehashesofwhat’salreadyavailableforthepopularCP/MandMS-DOSmachines.Butthatdoesn’tmeantherearen’timportantdifferences.ThetruecenteroftheMacintosh,however,isnotthesoftwareoritspowerfulmicroprocessor,nor_itscompactmicrofloppydiskdrive,oranyotherpieceofexotichardware.Rather,it’stheMac’sdesignphilos-ophy,onethatborrowsheavilyupontheworkpioneeredbyLisa—itselfbasedonresearchanddevelopmentsmadebyXeroxontheirAltoandStarworkstationcomputers.TheMacreliesonthedesktopmetaphorcur-rentlyinvogue:multiplewindowsthatrepresentstacksofPaper;icongraphicsthatrepresentsuchthingsasfilefolders;andmore,allmadePpossi-blebythesystem’shigh-resolution512-by-342-pixeldisplay.Toalloweasyaccesstoallthis,theuserpushesapalm-sizedmousethatdirectsa‘‘selector’”’arrowtothede-siredapplication,functionorcom-mand.Apple’smouseistheroller-bearingtypewhichrequiresnopad.Thereareevenseveralbuilt-in“deskaccessories,”’suchascalculator,note-pad(asimpletexteditor),andalarmContinuedMARCH1984PCRETAILINGPAGE65
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THEINSIDESTORYONDATASPECCABLES.2mmPVCCoverAluminexShieldunderhoodshieldgoldplatedpinsMoldedPVCunderhood(PDT)100%ShieldingStatic-treeCoverUniqueUnder-CoverPVCMolding(PDT*)ThecompetitiveedgeofDATASPEC"cablesliesintheuniqueshieldingtechniqueThere'saheavygaugeshieldunderthenormalhood,whichensuresthatthecablesex-ceedstheFCCrequirementsonemissionstandardsHowever,undertheshield,DATASPEC™goesevenfurther.WithPDT™Tech-nology,DATASPEG"cablesarethefirsttoemploythistechniqueoutsideofaero-spaceapplications.PDT™TechnologyensuresthatyourcustomerwillneverhavetosolderabrokenjointorevenhavetoopenthehoodTheDATASPEC"lineincludesawholefamilyofcomputeraccessoriesthatarebetterbuilttobringyoubetterprofits.AndDATASPECproductsareeasytoorder.Justcallourtoll-freenumber.There'sonlya$25minimumAndbecausewe'refullystocked,mostorderscanbeshippedwithin1hour.DATASPEC"productsaremarketedbyAllianceResearchCorporation.Formoreinformation,contactLewMyers,MarketingMan-ager,at(213)701-5848“SeeUsAtWinterComdexBooth1422.”*PDT(Poly-vinyldopingtechnique)involvestheinjectionofpoly-vinylundertheshieldtofusetheconductorsandpinstogether,thusensuringreliabilityunderthemostadverseconditions.PDTisaregis-teredtrademarkofAdvancedToo!TechnologyInIATLCLEC.Continuedclock.ThesefeaturesmaketheMac-intoshliveuptoitsbillingasatypeof“desktopappliance,”onethatoffersitsuserthepromiseofincreasedpro-ductivitywithasimpleandteadilyunderstandableuserinterface.AllprogramswrittenorrewrittenfortheMacemploythisuserinter-face,sinceit’sapermanentPartofthemachine.Routinescommontoeachapplication—overlappingwindows,“pull-down”menus,mouse-drivencommands—arebuiltintothesys-tem’s64KbytesofROM.Thismeansthatsoftwaredevelopersdonothavetore-createtheseroutinesforeverynewapplication.Macintosh’sfriendlydesign,Applefeels,makesitanaturalforthose“afraid”?ofcomputers.Inmostcases,thisfearhasnothingtodowiththeimposingtechnologyofcomputers(althoughthatdoesaccountforsomeofit),butrathertheapprehensionbymanyusersovertheamountoftimeTequiredtomasteracomputeranditsPrograms.Fewpeoplecaretospendthedays(andevenweeks)gettingtoknowtheircomputer.AccordingtoApple,theirmarketresearchhasshownthatpersonalcomputersbasedonexistingtechnolo-gies(readtheIBMPC)require20to40hourstomaster.Incontrast,theMacintoshcanbelearnedinafrac-tionofthetime—typicallyafewhours.Thefirstyear,Appleforesees70percentofMacintoshproductiongoingintooffices,20percenttoschoolsand10percentintohomes.Themajorityleader—business—isgettingparticularattention.Appleandthird-partyvendorsalsohaveintheworkssuchitemsasdatacommu-nicationsprograms,thatwillenabletheMactoemulatepopularterminalsliketheDECVT-100/VT-52andtheIBM3277and3278;local-areanet-works(LANs)toconnectasmanyas255Macsintooneshared-resourcesystem;and1200-or300-baudmodemsforconnectiontoremotecomputersviathetelephone.Pricesforsomeperipheralsandaccessorieshavealreadybeenan-nounced.Thehigh-speeddot-matrixImagewriter,currentlytheonlyprinterthatcanbeusedwiththeMac,carriesastickerpriceof$595($495whenpurchasedwiththeMac);aseparatenumerickeyboardis$129;4aN7™the300-bauddirect-connectsmartmodemis$225,the1200-bauddirect-connectsmartmodemis$495,andtheexternaldriveis$495.Appleisin-cludingitsMacWriteandMacPaintapplicationsprogramsfreeforthosewhopurchaseamachinewithin100daysofitsannouncement(January24).Thepairnormallyselltogetherfor$195.At$2,495,theMaccertainlyisn’tthecheapestcomputeraround,butlowpriceisn’twhatAppleisbettingon.Ifallgoesasexpected,thecom-putermakerwillturnout350,000beforetheendofthisyear,perhapsevenmore(Applealreadyreports$60-millionworthofcommitments).Andtomakesurenothinggetsinthewayoftheseplans,thecompanyhasin-sisted—bywayof“‘zero-defect”’contracts—thatitssupplierspre-checkallcriticalcomponentsbeforeshippingtothenew,robot-equippedMacplantinFremont,CA.Thatway,saysApple,therewon’tbeanybadMacstospoilthebunch.1B)GordonMcCombisafreelancewriterfromCarlsbad,Calif.,currentlycom-pletingabookontheAppleMacintosh.jes*SantaClaraSyOtherProducts:PCNet,Mini-MegaSeries514”Fixed/3.9”RemovableSubsystemsforAppleII,He,I,IBMPC’s-XT’sandIBMPCCompatiblesOChoiceof612,18,or4OMBon-linestoragefOOptional.6MBWinchesterCartridgeback-upOReliablestate-of-the-artWinchestertechnology010-20timesfasterthanstandardfloppydrivesOTransparentoperationwithmostoperatingsystems0DealerpricingONoinventoryrequiredMAIN§COMPUTERPRODUCTSpedithyForProfessionalCommunications1-800-345-1125(617)393-3151PCterminal,NovationModems,Quadram,PrintersandMonitorsCallforourFreeDLRcatalogCirclenumber20MoninquirycardTurntoMainStreetSs.THEFAMILYOFHIGHINTEGRITYCOMPUTERSUPPORTPRODUCT:48215PartheniaStreet,Northridge,91325CA(213)701-5848MARCH1984PCRETAILINGPAGE67Circlenumber03Doninquirycard
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lPAGE68PCRETAILINGMARCH1984TheimportanceofvideosalesaidsiSgrowing.Asmoreretailersinstallthem,moremanufacturersadvertiseandmoreconsumerslearnabouttheirproducts.Thesedevicescanhelptrainsalesmen,educateconsumersandprimethemforasale.FROMTHEEDITOR’SSCREEN/BILLMACHRONEbyKenMayoTheyoungvideomarketingindustryisgettingamuch-neededshotinthearmthismonthas104ComputerLandstoresaroundthecountryinstallinteractivevideokiosksfromCompuVision.Theproductofanindustrylessthantwoyearsold,interactivevideopoint-of-saledisplayshavebeenplaguedbyaCatch22;softwaredevelopers,themicrocomputerindustrysegmentmostlikelytousethemachines,havebeenreluctanttousethembecausethereweretoofewonretailers’floorstomakeitacost-effectivewaytoadvertise.Althoughretailerswhohavetheunitsgenerallylikethem,mostoftheircolleagueshavebeenskepticalbecausemoremanufacturersweren’trepresentedonthemachines.SantaClara,CA-basedCompuVision’sdealwithComputerLandboostsitsinstalledbasefrom150tomorethan250stores.Andmorewilllikelyfollow.Asaresult,moremajorhardwareandsoftwarecompaniesareshow-inginterestintheCompuVisionsystem,accordingtoPatriciaMurray,directorofmerchandisingsales.Apioneerofinteractivevideosalesaids,CompuVisionisbeingjoinedinthefieldbysuchcompaniesasVideo-SpondandViMart.Thesecompaniesplantochangethefocusofvideopoint-of-saleaidsfromcommercialstomoredetailedinformation,thusincreasingtheirusefulnesstoretailers.JohnGalassoofSoftwareCityinFairfield,NJisoneoftheoriginalCompuVisionretailers.He’shadavideocassette-basedsystemsinceSeptember1982.Onthewhole,heseemsprettypleasedwithit.“Iftheykeepupwiththetapes,Iloveit,”hesays.“Itdoesn’thelpsell(software)perse,butitletspeopleknowwhat’sgoingon.”’Gettingup-to-datevideoshasbeenaproblemforGalasso.“Ihaven’tgottenanewtapeinthreeorfourmonths,”’hesays,notingCompuVisionhasbeenbusy,developingthevideodisc-basedsystemforComputerLand.HealsosaysheownsthedisplayunitoutrightandclaimsCompuVisionwassupposedtoupgradethehardwareforhimfreeofcharge.Nowitwantshimtopayfortheupgrading.“Wedidhaveaminordelay,”Murrayadmits.Person-nelandorganizationalchangescausedamissedupdating.Butwithanewreleaseeverytwomonths,fourmonthswithoutanupdatemeansonlyoneshipmentwasmissed,shesays.CompuVisionisalsoplanningtobeginupdatingthevideomaterialmonthlyinsteadofbi-monthlyasnewadvertiserssignon,Murrayadds.Regardingthehardwareupgrading,Murraysaysin-dependentretailerswithCompuVisionvideocassettesystemswillbegiventhechancetoupgradetoavideodiscsystem.““Wewilltradeoutthehardwareforwhatitcostus,”’shesays,addingthatCompuVisionisnotinterestedinprofitingfromthetrade-out.ComputerTerminal,Inc.inPeoria,ILhasbeenusingaCompwVisionvideosystemforayearandahalf.“Weuseitalot,”sayssalesmanagerMarkHager.“RightnowweareAppledealers,andApplejustbroughtouttheMacintosh.WesetupawholeMacintoshdisplayaroundtheCompuVision.””HagerfindsthevideodisplaysystemtobeagoodwaySynthesis,Anyone?TheAppleMacintoshhasarrived,anditbringswithitsomesearchingquestions—aswellasawelcomeendtothatcuriousfacialexpressionwe'vecometocallthe“MacLook.”owit’srallyhitthefan.Applehas|NreleasectheMacintosh,andit’sdif-|ficulttoimag.neamicrocomputerlesslike|aPC.Sowhat,ousay.Whatwe©avehereisafailuretocom-municate,fo<s.Thebattlelinesarebeing|drawn.Forg:BlueversusGray;thatwasJustaneconenicissue.FordversusChe-vy?You'rezettingwarmer.ThereareChevyfamilisandthereareFordfami-lies,andifP»pdrivesanImpala,there’snowaydaug!terwilleverownaMustang.Disinheritan:-takesonawholenew|meaningwhenyoudealwithemotionallychargedissueslikethis.Sure,therearesomeaberrantDodgeownersoutthere,butpeoplelikethataresodevoidofcul-|turalheritageandrespectfortraditionthattheywouldprobablythinknothingofbuy-ingaDECRainbow.Theloomingface-offbetweenIBMandAppleisnothinglessthanabattlefortheheartsandmindsofmen.Historianswillrecordtheensuingconflictastheturn-ingpointinhuman-machinerelations.We'renottalkingmouseversuscursorkeypadhere,althoughthatissueiscertain-lypartofit.It’smorethanhigh-resolutionblack-and-whiteversuscolorgraphics.It’smuchtooemotionalanissuetobecloudedbymerefeaturesorphysicalspec-ifications.Apple’smuch-ballyhooedMacintoshBillMachronead,firstscreenedduringtheSuperbowl,ismoretothepoint.Firstofall,it’snotaboutMacintosh;it'saboutawayoflife.|ItwouldhaveyoubelievethatanyonenotusinganAppleisagrayconformistwithastuntedbrain.That'sokay;that’sthepur-poseofadvertising.MoreimportantiswhattheadimpliesabouttheimportanceofusinganApple.“‘Livefreeordie,”’saysthead,likethelicenseplatesofNewHampshireresidents.WhywouldApplespendmillionstothumbitsnoseatIBM?Youmightthinkit’slikeclimbingupastepladdertopunchagiantinthekneecap.Notso.IBMhastotakenoticeofApplebecauseitiscompet-inginamarketthatAppleinvented.Applehasverynearlylostit,butasYogiBerrausedtosay,‘*Thegameain'toveruntilit’sover.””LiketheAppleII,Macintosh(eventhespellingisunconventional)darestobedif-ferent.AppleIIfomentedastandardinachaoticseaofearlymicros.Oncethemar-kethadsettledintotwocamps,AppleandCP/M,IBMcombineda16-bitprocessorwithaCP/M-likeoperatingsystemandApple-likeexpandability.TheresultingPCisarunawaybest-seller,butithascausedtheindustrytomakeamajordigression.ProgressslowswhileeveryonetriestobePCcompatible.MacintoshcouldbecomparedtothefirstJustinMorganinafieldofdrayhors-es.Itmaynotbethelastwordinstrength.Ttmaynotbethefastest.Butyoucan’tbeatitforsheerpluck,determination,andcourage.MacFeverWhenthePCwasintroducedithadmanydetractors,especiallythosecriticalofitsunoriginaltechnologyandconserva-tivedesign.While,admittedly,therewasmuchspeculationaboutthenatureofthemachinepriortoitsrelease,itpalesbeforethesecond-guessingthatsurroundedtheMacintosh.EditorialdirectorJonLazarusand|paidacalllastfallonMartyAlpert,founderandheadofTecmar.We'dheardtumorsthatTecmarwasgoingtobedoingPCMAGAZINE@APRIL17,198469
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HARDWARE|EDITOR’SSCREENsomeadd-onproductsforMacandwenat-urallyaskedaboutthem.Anexpressionwecametotermthe‘MacLook’’spreadacrossMarty’sface:agleamintheeye,asmilethatkeptslippingintosillygrin,andlinesoftensionfromtheconflictofwant-ingtosaymorebutknowinghecouldn’t.OtherMacLookersincludedcontribut-ingeditorRobinWebsterandMaggieCanon,editorofA+,Ziff-Davis’Applemagazine.Thereweremore,tobesure,andtheyallreactedinexactlythesameway.Inresponsetomyquestions,onewouldcomment,‘“‘It’sverysmall.”’Anotherwouldask,‘‘Haveyouseenit?””Thentheywouldclamup.AfterawhileIbegantofeellikeoneofthe12orsopeo-pleintheworldwhohadn’tseenMac.Ineversawthenondisclosureagree-mentthatApplemadethesepeoplesign,butitmusthavebeenadoozy.Inblood,firstbornchild,theworks.OneofthemorepersistentrumorswasthattherewouldbeanMS-DOS-compatibleadd-andpotentialinformantswithliquorandchocolates.Wegotnothing.JusttheMacLook.Martyandtheotherssawsome-thinginMac,somethinglikeJustinMor-gan,thatcompelledthemtowanttomakeacommitmenttoit,tonurtureandimprovethebreed.Aroundthesametime,wealsoencoun-teredanumberofpeoplewhohadseenthePCjrinseveralpreproductionversions.TherewasnocorrespondingJuniorLook.Andthereinliesthedifference.TheMacisaconsciousefforttoimprovethebreed,tomakethelotofcomputerusersbetter.Somemayquestiontheresults,butthesincerityoftheMacintosh’sdesignisindisputable.JuniorFrolicsThePCjr,bycontrast,isaclever,almostcynical,rehashofthePC—notthatitwasintendedtocompetewithMac.on,sowepliedknowledgeableindividuals|PC.Also,thetwomachineshaveentirely|differentstartingpoints:Applehasdecid-edoninnovationatallcostsandhasthere-forecomeupwithamachinethatissome-|whatLisa-likebutincompatiblewitheverythingelse.Ontheotherhand,thatthePCjrwouldbecompatiblewiththePCwasagiven.OneoftherumorswasthattherewouldbeanMS-DOS—compatibleadd-on,sowepliedknowledgeableindividualsandpotentialinformantswithliquorandchocolates.Withthelarge,presoldaudienceofPCusers,therecouldbenoalternativemar-ketingstrategyforIBM.Althoughafairamountofsoftwarewascreatedspecifical-lyforyoungersiblings,mostofitevolvedfromexistingPCproducts.ThePCjr'suserinterface,likethePC’s,wasaminorconsideration.OntheMacintosh,itiseverything.:ThePC’soperatingsystemisaubiqui-touspresence,intrudinguponyourcon-sciousness.MS-DOSisafrankimitation(withenhancements)ofCP/M,whichisafrankimitationofseveralDECoperatingsystems.Ineedn'tbelabortheshortcom-ingsofMS-DOS,butanyoperatingsys-temthathasasitsprimaryfocustheloggeddiskdriveismoreconcemedaboutthemachinethantheuser.Technologyhasallowedustomovepastthispoint.Weshouldn’thavetoputupwithoperatingsystemconceptsthatarenearly20yearsoldunlessthereisnothingbetter.TheoriginalstuffhasbeenwarmedoverandIndeed,thePCjrwasdesignedtohaveessentiallynocompetition,noteventhelikecommands,butit’sstillthesameoldstory.HumanFactorsMeanwhile,ApplehasgottenbehindalltheworkdoneatXerox’sPARC(PaloAltoResearchCenter)onhumanfactorsinsystemdesign.Nowsomeofitsfindingsareapproachingtheageofmajorityandtheyareinherentlymorevalidsimplybecausesomebodytookthetimetoaskhumansfortheirpreferencesinsteadofstressingtheconvenienceoftheprogram-merorsystemdesigner.It'stakenApple3yearstointegratethehardwareandsoft-warefunctions,andtheresultsspeakforthemselves.Iwon’tturnthiscolumnintoaMacreview—thereareplentyofthosealready—butthere’snodoubtthatit’saneasymachineforbeginnersandintermedi-ateusers.:CanyouputaMac-likeorLisa-likeuserinterfaceonaPC?Sure.It’scalledVisiOn.WillitperformaswellastheMac?Noway.Thehardwarewasneverdesignedtohandleit.Oh,you'llseesomeintegratedpackagesthatprovidemanyofthesamefeatures,butthey'rejustaddinganotherlayertoinsulateyoufromtheunfriendlinessoftheoperatingsystem.TherealpointisthatsomeusersnowhaveanalternativetothePC.Thedegreetowhichtheyexpressapreferenceforsome-thingelsewilldeterminethedegreetowhichIBMwillreact.Sowe'relookingforanewsynthesisfromBigBlue,onethatwillcapitalizeonthePC’ssuccessandtaketheuserintoaccount.Unix’savailabilityonthePCisencouraging,asmanymanufacturershaveproventhatthegraphicsworkstationori-entationofmachinessuchastheMacinte-gratesbeautifullyintotheUnixwayofdoingthings.Inthemeantime,thearmiesareonthemarchinthemarketplace.WelooktoApplenotonlytosurvive,buttocontinuetotakealeadershiproleininno-vativesystemdesign.Whenthesmokeclears,thecomputeruser’sworldwilldoubtlessbeabetterinfusedwithUnixandwithsomeEnglish-place.aPCMAGAZINE@APRIL17,1984nmShouldMacintoshBeTheAppleofYourEye?pple’snewMacintoshpersonalcomputerisbeingperceivedbysomeas“theteddybearofpersonalcomputers,”inthewordsofoneWallStreetdataprocessingprofessional,butthediminutivemachinejustmayhaveenoughteethtosurviveinthesamejunglewithBigBlue.TheMacintosh’scuddlyexteriorconcealssomeverypowerfulhard-ware,includinga32-bitmicroproces-sor,a3%-inchdiskdrivethatholdsmorethanmostcomparable5¥%-inchdrivesandthatclaimstobegenerallyfasterandmorereliable.Itboastsanine-inch,high-resolutiondisplay|that’sfareasierontheeyethanlarg-erconventionalmonitors,andaserialcommunicationsportthatcanmovedataatonemillionbitspersecond.Inadditionto128KofRandomAc-|cessMemory(RAM),ithas64KofReadOnlyMemory(ROM)thatcon-tainsoneofthemostelegantoperat-ingsystemseverputinapersonalcomputer,furtherenhancingitsspeedandmakingitpossiblythefirst>machinethatcanseriouslybecalleduserfriendly.IthassignificantlymoreadvancedhardwarethantheIBMPC,andonethat,at$2,495forthebasicpackage,isverycompetitivelypriced.Butdoesthemachinefitintothewaysecuritiesindustryprofessionalsdobusiness?Securitiesindustrypeoplewhohavegottensomehands-onexperi-encewiththeMacintoshareinitiallyenthusiasticaboutit.“Iwasimpressed,”saysRitchGaiti,vicepresidentofMerrillLynch’sAdvancedOfficeSystemsGroup.“Tomeit’sthefirstfriendlycomputerI’veseen.”“IthinktheMacintoshisagreat,newstepinthecomputingfield,”addsJackAppel,avicepresidentatThomsonMcKinnonSecurities,Inc.inBocaRaton,Florida,whohasusedanAppleIleforsometime.“ThetechnologyofMacintoshisdefinitelythefuture.”“IthinkApplecameoutwithaTeallysuperbmachine,”saysAlanRefkin,aseniorvicepresidentwithLosAngeles’Sutro&Co.,Tne.,whoboughttwoMacintoshesthedaytheywereintroduced.“EverythinginMacsofarhasbeengood,”Suchravereviewsnotwithstand-ing,Applehassomemajorhurdlesto"clearbeforeitcansuccessfullychal-lengeIBMforthehearts,minds,anddesktopsofcorporateAmerica.WhentheMac(aseveryoneatAp-plecallsit)wasintroducedatApple’sannualmeetingonJanuary24,1984,thefirmpredicteditwouldsell350,000machinesbytheendoftheyear,70percentofthemtobusinessusers.Thatcausedsomeraisedeye-browsandafewsnickersamongsomeindustryobservers,particularlythosewhohaveinrecentmonthsailbutconcededthepersonalcomputermarkettoIBManditsclones.Theskepticscorrectlypointoutthatinthefinalanalysisapersonalcomputer'ssuccessorfailurehingesonsoftwareavailability.However,mostofthefinancialsoftwarecom-munityhasbeenwritingfortheIBMPC,andAppledidn’tmakeMacPC-compatible.Appleis,however,wellawareoftheneedtohavealargesupplyofsoftwareavailablefortheMac,andtohaveitreachthemarketquickly.Morethan80companies,Applehasannounced,arePreparingpro-gramsfortheMacintosh,includingMicrosoft,whoseMSDOSoperatingsystemwasadoptedbyIBMastheprincipaloperatingsystemfortheIBMPC,andwhosepopularMulti-planspreadsheetprogramisthefirstthird-partysoftwarepackageavail-able‘onMacintosn.—---~-Otherhousesthatpromisesoft-warefortheMacinclude:LotusDe-velopmentCorp.,whichissupplying1-2-3;Asthon-Tate(dBaseII);Sorcim(SuperCalc),SoftwarePublishingCorp.(thePSFseriesofpackages)and—ofparticularinteresttousersinthesecuritiesbusiness—DowJones.Appleexpectssome500appli-cationsprogramstobeavailablefortheMacintoshbytheendof1984.“Software'sthebiggesthurdletogetthrough,”saysMerrillLynch'sGaiti.“Appleclaimstotohavealotofsoftwaredevelopersbuildinguptheirinventory.Onlytimewilltell.”SomeearlyevidencesuggestsAp-plemaywellattractsignificantthirdpartysoftwareproductionfortheMacintosh.Microsoft'schairmanWil-liamGatesisquotedassayingheexpectsMacintoshsoftwaretoac-countfor50percentofthecompany’sTevenuesfromsalesofapplicationssoftwarethisyear.LotusDevelopmentPresidentandChairmanMitchKaporisalsoenthu-siasticaboutthemachine.“Macin-toshismuchmorenatural,intuitiveandinlinewithhowpeoplethinkandwork,”hesays.“Macintoshsetsawholenewstandard,andwewantAPRIL1984©WALLSTREETCOMPUTERREVIEW55
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HARDWAREourproductstotakeadvantageofthis.”IfMacintoshdoesbecomepopularwiththirdpartysoftwarewriters,amajorreasonwillbeits64KofROM.Thechipcontainstheprogramsthatmakeupthemachine'soperatingsystem.TheMacintosh’soperatingsystemincorporatesmanyofthesamefea-turesfoundonthecompany’smorepowerfulLisacomputer.Thesefea-turesallowthecomputertodisplaydifferentpartsofataskinoverlap-Pingwindowslikesheetsofpaperonadesk.Inaddition,mostoperationscanbeperformedbyusingamousetocontrolthecursor,whichselectspic-torialrepresentations(calledicons)oftaskstobeperformed,orbychoos-ingoptionsfrommenusthatpulldownfromthetopofthescreenattheclickofabuttononthemouse.Angleviewsthesefeaturesascol-lectivelyconstitutingtheMacintosh‘operatingenvironment,’whichmakesthemachineextremelyeasytolearnanduse.ByputtingthesefeaturesonaROMchipintheMac,Applemakesitpossibleforsoftwaredeveloperstoeasilyincorporatethemintotheirownprograms,savingenormousamountsoftime,effort,andcost—andenablingthemtoproduceeasy-to-useprogramsintheprocess.BrokersandsecuritiespeoplewhohaveseentheMacareamongthosepointingtotheMac’seasy-to-learnfeaturesasthekeytoitsprojectedsuccess,“Yes,ease-of-learningmeanssome-thingtome,”saysThomson’sAppel,whohasusedpersonalcomputersforseveralyears.“I’vegottothepointwhereIcan’tlookatanothermanual.”“Peopledon’thavealotofperse-verance,oralotoftime,”addsGaiti.“Ifyoucancutthatlearningcurve,you'vedonesomethingimportant.Eventhemostopenpeopledon’thavelotsofpatiencewhenitcomestolearningnewthings.”BobLeonard,abrokerwithDeanWitterReynoldsinBoulder,Colora-do,makesthesamepointmoreblunt-ly:“Brokersarelazy,andtheydon’twanttomessaroundwithalotofcomplicatedstuff,”hesays.“Unlessit’seasythey’renotgoingtouseit.“WhenIwasplaying(withtheMacintosh),Iwasreadytobuyonejustforthehellofit,”headds.Thelastpointtouchesonanimpor-tantintangibleoftheMacintosh—itappearstobeahighlyseductivepieceofhardwarethatpeoplesimplylike56WALLSTREETCOMPUTERREVIEW«APRIL1984touseandliketohavearound.“Themouseobviouslymadeitex-tremelysimpletooperate,”MerrillLynch'sGaitisays,“youpointatwhatyouwant.It’smucheasiertoPointthantostartcoding.Ithasveryhighqualitygraphics;thebit-Mappedscreensarephenomenal.”“Thepackagingwasverywelldone,”headds.“Ithasaverysmallfootprint;itcansitonyourdeskwithouttakingoveryourdesk,whichisextremelyimportant.”GaitisayshisdepartmentwillbuysomeMacintoshes“andlettheimagi-nativejuicesstartrunning”amongtheprogrammers.“We'reputtingafewofourmorecreative(software)developersonit,”hesays.“We'retakingasolutionandthrowingitagainstafewofourproblems.”ApplewillofferMacTerminal,acommunicationsprogramwhich,to-getherwithsomeadditionalhard-ware,willallowthemachinetoemu-late,andtherebyaccess,mainframecomputers.Thiswillincludesomeofthemostpopularmainframetermi-nals,suchasIBM5278andDECVT100andVT52terminals.TwoprogramsarepresentlybeingofferedfreewiththemachineaspartofanintroductoryoffermadeonJan-uary24,1984,andlastingthefirst100days—MacWrite,awordprocess-ingpackagedevelopedbyApple,andMacPaint,agraphicspackage.Mi-crosoftWord,amorepowerfulwordprocessingpackage,hasbeenprom-isedinthesecondquarter.SinceMacintoshusesthesameMo-torola68000microprocessorfoundintheLisa,Appleisbillingitasoneofafamilyof32-bitmicroprocessors.AtthesametimetheMacwasintro-duced,thefirmunveiledthreenewLisamodels,withseveralhardwareimprovementsandsharplyreducedprices.(Themostexpensive,whichincludesa10megabyteinternalharddiskdrive,costs$5,495,roughlycom-petitivewiththeIBMPC-XT;thecheapestcosts$3,495.)ThenewLisas—dubbedtheLisa2family—haveallbeengiventhesame3¥2-inchfloppydiskdrivesfoundontheMacintosh,andwillbeabletorunallMacsoftware.Appleisclearlyhopingthatthesoftwareli-braryitexpectsMacintoshtogener-atewillgiveLisasalesaboost;thefailureofLisatoattractsignificantthirdpartysoftwaredevelopmentwasamajorfactorinitsdisappoint-ingsalesperformancelastyear(aswasitsinitial$10,000price).Applehassaidithopestosellbusi-nessusersamixofMacintoshesand|Lisas.Fortherecord,neithertheMacin-toshnortheLisaisstrictlyspeakingatrue32-bitmachine,because,amongotherthings,datacanonlybemovedinandoutoftheMotorola68000centralprocessorin16-bitchunks.Theinternalarchitectureofthechipis32bits,though.Bythesametoken,however,theIBMPCisnotstrictlyspeakinga16-bitma-chine;datacanbemovedoutofitsIntel8088centralprocessorinatmost8-bitchunks,althoughthein-ternalarchitectureofthechipis16bits.SowhatisthebottomlineontheMacintosh?Itisanattractive,power-fulpieceofhardwarethatisinmanyrespectsmoreadvancedthantheIBMPC.Butisitmoreuseful,particularlytothefinancialcommunity?Thatwilldependalmostentirelyonwhatsortofsoftwarethirdpartyvendorsbringforth.EarlysignsarethatMac-intoshwillattractsubstantialsoft-waredevelopment.Itisstilltooearlytotellhowmuchofthiswillbeaimedatthesecuritiesindustry,butthereisnodoubtthebasicwordprocessing,spreadsheet,databasemanagementandgraphicspackageswillbeavail-able,includingthosewhichhelpedmaketheIBMPCthemarketleader.WillMacintoshenableAppletocompeteforthebusinessmarketgen-erallyandimpactthesecuritiesin-dustryinparticular?Assumingade-quateapplicationssoftwareisdevel-oped,theanswerisprobablyyes.Themachine’seasy-to-learnfea-turesappeartorepresentamajorad-vance,andonethatisimportanttoexperiencedbusinessusers,notjustnovicesandstudents.Theabilitytolearnhowtousenewsoftwarequick-lyiscrucialeventopeoplewithextensivecomputerexperience.Asystemthatmakesthatpossiblebringsaverypowerfulcapabilitytothemarket.ThomsonMcKinnon’sAppelthinksthe“hysteria”overIBMtakingoverthepersonalcomputermarket“haspeaked,”andthattheMacintoshap-proachisthewaveofthefuture.DeanWitter’sLeonardsays“it’sjustpurerubbish”tobelieveno-bodycancompetewithIBMinthePCmarket.“Applehashitonaverystrongmarketingploy,”stressesMerrillLynch'sGaiti.“They'vetouchedonhowtomakepeoplecomfortablewithcomputers.ThatiswhattheydidwithAppleII,andthatiswhatthey'redoingwithMac.”5.DanishPreviewOfMacintoshNewProductsFromTheConsumerElectronicsShowTheCBasicClinicNewColumnOnBusinessComputingIn-DepthEvaluations:@ActrixComputer=Hewlett‘Packard150=ColecoAdam=Qantex7020&Microline92=SATPreparationPackages=ProgramsFor‘Preschoolers=SpectrumSciencCourses,=HighSchoolMathPackages®Educational(?)QuizGames=MovieMaker=7AppleGamesO4————_—SSSSSS—————————0CetiMeApril1984ay
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THINGSTHATMAKEITEASYONE-KEYINSERTANDDELETELetsyoudowordProcessing'stwomostcommonfunctionsthesimplestpossibleway.MARGINANDTABSETTINGSASEASYASONATYPEWRITERNootherword-processingsystemofanysizemakesitthiseasy.YoucanevenadjustbothleftandrightMarginson-screen.THESCREENSHOWSYOUWHATYOU'REGETTINGYoudon'thavetowaituntilit'sprinted.Youseemargins,linebreaks,under-lines,pagebreaks,etc.,astheywillappear.JUSTIFIED,ORRAGGED-RIGHTAndseeitonthescreenthewayit'llappearwhenit'sprinted.ANYNUMBEROFFORMATSINASINGLEDOCUMENTOrderdifferentmargins,tabs,line-spacing—anything—foranysectionofadocument.HEADERSANDFOOTERSOFANYLENGTHThedocumentname,Pagenumber,orotherinformationisprintedauto-maticallyatthetoporbottomofanyPage,oreveryotherpage,orwherever.PRINTANYPAGEINTHEFILEYoudon'thavetoprintawholedocu-ment.Justpunchinthepagenumber.HARDPAGEBREAKLetsyoutellthesystemwhereyouwantpagestobreak.HARDANDSOFTSPACESANDHYPHENSYoucantelltheprogramwhichwordsMustgotogetheronthesameline,whichwordsmustbehyphenatedWIDOWSANDORPHANSThesystemautomaticallybreaksgestoavoidleavingunsightlysingleinesorpartialparagraphsatthebottomortopofapage—unlessyouwantthemthere.FRACTIONALLINESPACING1/2-linespacingisaseasytoorderonLeadingEdgeWordProcessingasonatypewriter.TEXTTHAT'SWIDERTHANTHESCREENHorizontalscrollingallowsyoutocreatedocumentsupto200charac-terswide.THINGSTHATPROFESSIONALONE-KEYCUTANDPASTELetsyoumovepiecesoftextaroundlikematchstickswithfarfewerkey-strokesthanothersystemsONE-KEYCENTERINGAndtheline(orblockoftype)stayscenteredevenwhenyouchangeitAUTOMATICREFORMATTINGYoudon'thavetocleanupapara-graphafteryouedititLeadingEdgeWordProcessingdoesitforyouTHEBESTUNDERLINEYOUCANBUYAseasyasatypewriter.Anditshowsonthescreenasanunderline.BIG-SYSTEMBLOCKFUNCTIONSLeadingEdgeWordProcessingdeletes,|inserts,andperformsotherchangesonlargeblocksoftextthrtheuseofforwardandbackwardhilighting.SCRATCHPADGivesyou“scrappaper’inthemiddleofadocumentforworkingontext.Whenyou'refinished,youcaninsertthetext,discardit,orevencutitoutandpasteitsomewhereelse.NAMEDOCUMENTSTHEWAYYOUWANTNocodesneeded.YoucancallalettertoMom‘LettertoMom”SPLITSCREEN/WINDOWSThisbig-systemfeatureputstwodocumenisonthescreenatthesametimesoyoucancopyfromonetoanother.BOLD,SUBSCRIPTS,SUPERSCRIPTS,STRIKETHRU,ANDLETTERSDOUBLE-WIDEYougettoseethemonthescreen,andyoudon'thavetogothroughabigrigamaroletogetthem.U.S.ANDFOREIGNDECIMALTABSAutomaticallylineupthedecimalinitsproperplaceinacolumnofnumbers.THINGSTHATGIVEYOUPEACEAREALLIVEPERSONIntheunlikelyeventthatyoursystemever“crashes,oryouneedhelpwithanyfeatureorfunction,there'satoll-freehot-linethatconnectsyoutoanexperttele-diagnosticianwhocangiveyouaninstantanswer.1-800-523-HELP—inMassachusetts,617-449-6060.AUTOMATICSAVEWhileyouareediting,orcreatingadocument,LeadingEdgeWordPro-cessingautomaticallymakesacopyevery15seconds.Soyourworkissaved,evenifthepowerfails.AUTOMATICDOCUMENTBACKUPEverydocumentisautomaticallycopiedtwice‘ontoyourfiledisk,ifyouchoosetodoso.Soifanaccidenthappenstoonedocument,youstillhaveacopy.(Don'tworry.Yourwriting'sNotgoingtogetlostinsomeelec-tronicblackhole.)RECALLOFDELETEDTEXTIfyoudeletetextbyaccidentorchangeyourmind,youcangetitback.CUSTOMERPROTECTIONPLANYourLeadingEdgeWordProcessingisguaranteedforever.Ifyoushouldaccidentallydestroyit,we'llteplaceitatanominalcost.Wheneverweupgradeit,we'llgiveyouanupdatedProgramatanominalcost.LEADINGEDGE?TECHNICALHELPHOTLINE1-800-523-HELP,INMASSACHUSETTS,(617)449-6050CIRCLE163ONREADERSERVICECARDStaffFounder/Editor-in-ChiefDavidH.AhiEditorEliManagingEditorAssociateEditorssiEditor-at-LargeContributingEditorsizabethB.StaplesPeterFeeJohnAndersontephenArrants,jr.KenUstonDaleArchibaldCharlesCarpenterWillFastieSusanGlinert-ColeDannyGoodmanStephenB.GrayGlenHartStephenKimmelArtLeyenbergerBrianMurphyTedNelsonPeterPayackAlvinTofflerAssistantArtDirectorArtistsTypesettingCopyEditorSherrieVanTyleEditorialAssistantsAndrewBrillLauraGibbonsSecretaryDianeKoncurArtDirectorPatrickCalkinsChrisDeMiliaDianaNegriRudioEugeneBicknellPeterKelleyKarenK.BrownPublisherCreativeComputingPressBranchManagerAdministrativeAssistantsRetailMarketingOperationsManagerFulfillmentClaudeP.SheerLauraConboyJenniferH.ShalerJoanneSapioReneaColeCrossSusanDeMarkDanNunziatoFrancisMiskovichRosemaryBenderLindaBlankPatChampionElsieGraffLindaMcCatharnCarolVitaJimZecchinLisaDickissonMoiraCullenDonnaStiefelCherylSchaubleValerieGaddisMauricioAlgarraShipping&ReceivingRonaldAntonaccioCraigA.BrownRichardCrawfordWilliamSproulsJohnZiegentussAndyDayanAdvertisingSalesPublisherClaudeP.SheerCreativeComputingZiff-DavisPublishingCompanyOneParkAvenueNewYork,NY10016(212)725-3449AdvertisingCoordinatorChrisTyceCreativeComputingZiff-DavisPublishingCompanyOneParkAvenueNewYork,NY10016(212)725-3446NorthernCalifornia,NorthwestJeffMillerZiff-DavisPublishingCompany3030BridgewayBlvd.Sausalito,CA94965(415)331-7133SouthernCalifornia,SouthwestTomWhitewayTomMartinZiff-DavisPublishingCompany3460WilshireBlvdLosAngeles,CA90010(213)387-2100NewEnglandCELAssociates,Inc61AdamsStreetBraintree,MA02184(617)848-9306MidwestJeffEdmanWilliamBiffFaircloughThePattisGroup4761W.TouhyAveLincolnwood,IL60646(312)679-1100Mid-AtlanticandSoutheastLarryLevineZiff-DavisPublishingCompanyOneParkAveNewYork,NY10016(212)725-7668(201)549-6811CanadaThePattisGroup501EglintonAve.,E.Suite202Toronto,OntarioM4P1N4ZiffDavisConsumerComputers&ElectronicsMagazineDivisionPresident:LarrySpornVicePresident/GeneralManager:EileenG.MarkowitzVicePresidentLicensingandSpecialProjects:JerrySchneiderVicePresidentMarketing:J.ScottBrigasVicePresidentCirculation:CaroleMandelCreativeDirector:PeterJ.BlankPermissionsMaterialinthispublicationmaynotbereproducedinanyformwithoutpermis-sion.RequestsforpermissionshouldbedirectedtoBetteAmado,Ziff-DavisPub-lishingCompany,OneParkAvenue,NewYork,NewYork10016.WhereToSendItAlleditorialmaterial,includingarticlesubmissions,pressreleases,andproductsforevaluationshouldbesentto:CreativeComputing39E.HanoverAve.MorrisPlains,NJ07950CorrespondenceregardingotherCreativeComputingproductsandpublicationsshouldalsobesenttotheMorrisPlainsaddress.Correspondencerelatedtoadvertising,includingadcopy,questionsonbilling,andrequestsforrates,shouldbesentto:AdvertisingDepartmentCreativeComputingZiff-DavisPublishingCo.OneParkAve.NewYork,NY10016Correspondenceregardingsubscriptions,includingorders,changesofaddress,andproblemsshouldbesentto:CreativeComputingP.O.Box5214Boulder,CO80321Yourhelpinchoosingthecorrectaddressforyourcorrespondenceisappreciated.Anincorrectlyaddressedletterorpackagecantakeaslongasseveralweekstoreachitsproperdestination.SubscriptionsAllsubscriptionsordersandothercorre-spondencerelatedtosubscriptionsshouldbeaddressedto:CreativeComputingP.O.Box5214Boulder,Colorado80321.Foreignsubscriptionsmustbeaccom-paniedbypaymentinU.S.currency.Subscriptionprices:Us.CanadaForeignlyear$24.971year29.971year34.972years43.972years53.972years63.97Syears$7.973years72.973years87.97Airmaildeliveryonforeignsubscriptionsisavailableforaone-yearperiodonlyat$75.00additionalformailtoAsiaandAustralia,and$50.00additionalforallotherforeign.SubscribersintheUnitedKingdommaysendpaymentinsterlingto:HazelGordon10BishopsWaySuttonColdfieldWestMidlandsB744XUPleaseallowatleasteightweeksforchangeofaddress.includeoldaddressaswellasnew—enclosingifpossibleanaddresslabelfromarecentissue.AttentionAuthorsCreativeComputingwillnotberesponsibleforthereturnofunsolicitedmanuscripts,cas-Settes,floppydisks,programlistings,etc.notsubmittedwithaself-addressed,stampedenvelope.April1984©CreativeComputing
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12ActrixComputer..............EweeatineralAcompactportablewithprinterandmodem2GHewlettPackard150.220......TalmyCompactsystemfeaturestouchscreenandgraphics38MacintoshPreview....ctrteeeseeereesANDOFSONAshortprofiletowhetyourappetite45Coleco'sAdam.ee2BehaGIRY,Fourmachinesin59EducationOrEntertainment?...........FStaplesArequizgamesreallyeducational?64GrowingUpLiterate.....,StaplesProgramsforpreschoolers81SpectrumScienceCourses......-AhlProgramsteachabouttracks,coins,anddinosaurs85MathInTheClassroomOUSISSSaGeist&GeistProgramstoteachhighschoolmathematics101PreparingForTheSAT.......Improvingyourscoresbycomputer108MovieMaker3...AndersonSuperbgraphicsandanimationforAtariLinzmayer416SomethingForEveryone...2.2.2...ArrantsSevendeliciouslydifferentApplegames128YourComputerBookshelf....-fonenesAEPersonalrecommendations132TheWinterConsumerElectronicsShow............Ah/Scoresofnewproductsfromallover154GettingEducatedAtCES..hotsStaplesThelatestineducationalsoftware164Disicon'ficone.VeienrmanHightechmusiciansunite180TheCBasicClinic.......eteteenes)LibertinePart6:Recapitulationandwrapup6Input/Output.......setaereeeeeetegen,OBIS8Notices..BnRees+---.Fee10StreetPriceIndex.yesspeated.ye)«+.AALWho'ssellingwhatforhowmuch?190PrintAboutPrinters...................-AndersonTheQantex7020andMicroline92indepth196TelecommunicationsTalk.....................MurphyProfileofCompuServe204Notebook/PortableComputing..................AhlSoftwareandperipheralsfornotebooks208Let'sTalkBusiness................BlanchardAnewcolumnonbusinesscomputing212LogoType:03.5Astresses...BeardenSimulatingaFillcommand214Commodore'sPort..EaS45seeaeoeAndersonDozensofnewproductsforthe64222AppleCartceseeaeseeeceeseeess.ArrantsA68000developmentsystemandgraphicssoftware227TRS-80Strings...vesiGrayTandy2000,colormouse,andmore232InsideDreck.......2...sectsessesQwertyAboldfacedlookatTheIndustryCover:CollagebyMarkYankus.April,1984BPAVolume10,Number4iTV/ACreativeComputing(ISSN0097-8140)ispublishedmonthlyat3460WilshireBivd.,LosAngeles,CA90010byAhiComputing,Inc.,asubsidiaryofZift-DavisPublishingCompany.DavidAhi,President;Elizabeth8.Staples,VicePresidentSelwynTaubman,Treasurer;BertramA.Abrams,Secretary.P.O.Box789-MMorristown,N.J.07960.SecondClassPostagepaidatLosAngeles,CA90052andadditionatmailingofficesCopyright©1984byAhlComputing,Inc.AllrightsreservedEditorialofficeslocatedat39EastHanoverAve.,MorrisPlains,NJ07950.Phone(201)540-0445OomesticSubscriptions:12issues$24.97;24issues$43.97;36issues$57.97.POSTMASTER:sendaddresschangestoCreativeComputing,P.O.Box5214Boulder.CO80321.Call800-631-8112toll-free(inNewJerseycall201-540-0445)toorderasubscription.April1984©CreativeComputingNSET_DSCOhwHP150,continued...by2cellnane>Touchingthecellteaovetonest=)Typing(Return)=>Typingthearrowkeysonkey->Typing/,thefunctionkey~>Typing1ViewHelptopicsTouchingtheTopicsfueyPeayaVisiCaleMainLevelHelpMenu.$300isprettystandardMicrosoftBasicwithnaryascreenlabelinsight.Infact,theHPmanualsuggeststhatyougooutandbuyabookonBasicforabetterunderstandingandutilizationoftheprogram.CondorTherearetwoversionsofCondoravailablefortheHP150.Version20-1fromCondorComputerCorp.inAnnArbor,MIcosts$300,andversion20-3is$700,withanupgradeversionfrom20-1to20-3costing$500.Version20-1isthesimplifiedversionofthedatabaseprogramwith20-3thefullrelationaldatabasesystem.Bothversionsareabitofacom-promiseforHPTouchastheyuseacombinationoftypedcommandsandsoftkeyfunctions.ENTER,SORT,and|LIsTmustbetyped,forexample,whileyoucantouchyourwaythroughCon-TINUE,REVISE,PRINT,DELETE,END,andABORT.YoucanalsoreaddatainfromWordStarandthePersonalCardFile,andreadinchartsfromtheSeries100Graphicsprogramwithtouch.Thesoftkeyswillmakelifeeasierforthenov-ice,butusingCondortoitsfullestwillrequiremuchmorestudyofthemanualthansomeoftheotherprograms.GraphicsHPoffersthreedifferentgraphicspro-gramsforthe150:HP’sownSeries100Graphicssellingfor$300,plustwographicspackagesfromComputerSup-portCorporation,PicturePerfectcosting$295andDiagraphpricedat$395.HPsentmetheirownSeries100packagetoevaluate.Iwillhavetoassumethattheothertwoworkaswell.Thehighresolutionandthemanyop-tionsavailablethroughtouchmakethispackageapleasuretouse.Onecould,April1984©CreativeComputingandIdid,playforhoursputtingthegraphicsprogramthroughitspaces.Youcanselectpencolorsandshading,choosehorizontalorverticalorientation,changejustificationandsize,selectcol-orsfortheplotterandawholerangeofotheroptionsbytouch.YoucanalsotransferdatafromCon-dorotVisiCaletoplotpiecharts,scattergrams,barcharts,orlinegraphs.Forthosewithabentforfreehanddraw-ing,thiscanalsobeaccomplished.AllinesHewlettPackardhasgonetogreatlengthstomaketheirdocumentationsimpleandeasytofollow.allthiseasytousepackageisaboonforthebusinesspersonwhomustgeneratechartsofalltypesandwantstodoitquicklyDocumentationItiseasytoseethatHewlettPackardhasgonetogreatlengthstomaketheirdocumentationsimpleandeasytofol-low.Inthemain,theyhavesucceeded,althoughsomeofthedocumentationfallsinthe“betweentwostools”cate-gory.BythisImean,thatinsomecasesIthinktheinstructionmanualswillbetoomuchforthenoviceuserandtoolit-tlefortheveteranwhowantsin-depthtechnicalinformation.LastGaspHewlettPackardhascreatedintheVisiCalcSamplewithsoftkeys.150asystemthatcombinessomeofthebestfeaturesofseveralothercomputersinonepackage.Itiselegantindesignandeloquentinitssimplicity.Thetouchscreenisnotagimmick.Itfacilitatesuseofthemostcommonapplicationsofcomputingandoptimizesthemostnaturalwayofdoingit.Thenovicewhohasdraggedhisfeetonthepathtotheworldofcomputing,perhapsfearfuloftheexpectedadversarialrelationshipwithaterminal,nowhasaneasystartingpointthatleadsgentlytothemasteryofthemostformidableprograms.Knowledgeableusers,too,willfindtheHP150totheirliking.HewlettPackardhasprovidedabaseofexcellentprogramsandisactivelyseekingsupportfromothervendors.TheIBMemulatorcardwill,ofcourse,makeinstantlyavailable,alltheprogramswrittenfortheIBMPC.ConsideringwhattheHP150isandwhatisdoes,the$3995pricetagisnotoutofline,althoughacquisitionoftherequisitesoftware,printers,andplotterswillbumpthecostupconsiderably.Ithinkitisfairtosaythatbecauseofthis,theHP150willprobablynotbethefirstchoiceoftheindividualuserwhowantsacomputerforthehome.IsuspectthatHP’sstrongestmarketwillbeintheof-ficewhereseveraluserscansharepro-gramsandperipheralsorlinktheirmachinesintoamulti-usersystem.HewlettPackardhasmadealargecommitmenttotheHP150TouchScreen,anditisascertainasanythingcanbethesedaysthattheywillmaintainit.AfterthehoursIhavespentonthesystem,Iamconvincedthatitisaqual-ityproduct.Ilookforwardtofurthersoftwaredevelopmentsfromthirdpartyvendors.END}CIRCLE402ONREADERSERVICECARD37
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It’sGolden...It’sDelicious...It’sjonoygearing,wpfatposemegaFteee|aoartomespeopeatpoefn_eeAppleAftermuchanticipationandmuchado,andalongsideanadvertisingcam-paignthelikesofwhichhaveneverbeenseeninthemicrocomputerindustry,Ap-plehasfinallydoneit—theMacintoshcomputerisareality.Anditisquiteanastonishingreality,indeed.At$2495,MacintoshrepresentsthecuttingedgeofApple’sbidtoregainlostpre-eminenceinthemicrocomputerfield,IBM,whichreareditsbigblueheadameretwoyearsago,hasinthattimeverynearlypulledthecarpetoutfromunderApple.Nowit’salluptoMacintosh.CantheMacreturnAppletothecat-birdseat?Judgeforyourself.Macissurelycute-lookingandpacksmorepunchthananyothermicrothatfitsina38JohnJ.Andersonrucksack.Itisbasedonthe68000microprocessorandassuchqualifiesasthefirstmedium-pricédmicrowith32-bitarchitecture.ItusesSony3.5”hardshellfloppies,whicharereliable,quiet,durable,andcapableofstoring400KpersideScreendisplayismonochrome,butgraphicsresolutionisasuperlative512x342pixels.Amouseperipheralisstandard,asisabuilt-inbattery-poweredCMOSclock/calendar.WhiletheMaccomeswith128KRAMstandard,whichmaysoundabitchintzy,italsosports64KofmachinelanguageROM.MuchofthesoftwareMacintoshusedtodrivethemouseandsimulatea“desktop”environ-mentusingscreenwindowsalreadyresidesinROM,freeingupRAMforuserstorage.Andallofthiscomestoyouforamanufacturer'sstickerpriceof$2495.And,foralimitedtime,thispricebuysasystemcompletewithbundledwordprocessingandgraphicsprogramsforApple.:Liketheground-breakingLisacom-puter,whichchangedindustrystandardsdespiteitsinitiallymediocresalesshow-ing,theMacisdesignedwithease-of-useforemostinmind.Simplyusethemouseto“point”towhatyouwanttodo;thenpressthebuttonontopofthemouse.Breakinginanewsoftwarepackage?ChancesareitoperatesalongthesameApril1984©CreativeComputingMacintosh,continued...linesasthepackagesyoualreadyknow.Nolongerneedyoubeforcedintomemorizingnumerousandconfusingkeyboardcommands.Asatrainingtool,evencriticsagreethatthemouseisavaluableperipheralUniversitiesnationwidehavealreadyembarkeduponaloveaffairwiththeMac.Twenty-fourofthenation’slead-ingcollegeshavejoinedtheAppleUniversityConsortiumandhaveeachpledgedtopurchase$2millionofAppleproducts—mainlyMacintoshcomputers—overthenextthreeyears.Applere-portsover$60millionincommitmentstodatefromcollegesanduniversities.Anycollegestudentseriouslyin-terestedinmicrocomputertechnologywillbeattractedtotheMac.Its68000processorwillnotbecomeobsoletequickly,andifyouaregoingtomakethesupremeefforttolearnassembler,youmightaswellcommitto68000chiparchitecture.TheMac’s32-bitprocessorwith16-bitdatabusmakesitjustaboutthefastestmicroaround.TheMachasabuilt-inCRTandSonymicrodriveandstillcomesinwitha10x10”footprintandunder17Ibs.Itislighterthanthebest-sellingtransport-ablecomputer.Ithasfour-voice,12-oc-MACSPECSName:MC68000,32-bitarchitecture,7.8336MHzclockfrequencyMemory:128KRAM64KROMDiskCapacity:400Kperformatteddisk.31/2”diameter,hard-shellmediaScreen:9”diagonal,highres,512pixelx.342pixelbit-mappeddisplayInterfaces:Synchronousserialkeyboardbus.TwoRS232/RS422serialports,230.4Kbaudmaximum(upto8.920megabitpersecondifclockedexternally)MouseinterfaceExternaldiskinterfaceSoundGenerator:4-voicesoundwith8-bitdigital-analogconversionusing22KHzsamplingratetavesoundsynthesiscapableofadvancedmusicandspeechapplications.For$99youcangetthenylonMaccarryingcaseandjointheheightofMacfashion.Otheroptionalperipheralsareasfollows:Imagewriterprinter—$595($495ifpurchasedwithMacintosh).©Numerickeypad—$129.©300baudmodem—$225.©1200baudmodem—$495.©Externalmicrodrive—$495.ItisexpectedthatMacintoshcomput-erswillberatherhardtocomebyatleastuntilthissummer,duetoheavybackorderdemand.Apple’snew$20millionautomatedfactoryinFremont,CA,canturnoutaMacevery27sec-onds,however.SoyoushouldbeabletofindyourownMacintoshcomputerrel-ativelysoon.Asforsoftware,itwillbealittleslowincoming—atfirst.However,justabouteveryprominentsoftwaremanufacturerisdevelopingsoftwarefortheMac,andApplehopestoseeatleast500indepen-dentMacpackagesbytheendoftheyear.ThisincludespackagesfromLotus,Microsoft,andDigitalResearch.Conclusions?We'llwaituntilwecangetoursweatypalmsonaunithereatthelab.Butfromwhatwehavealreadylearned,ApplemighthavearealshotatIBMwithitsnewbaby.Maclookslikeawinner.April1984©CreativeComputing43
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©Apple’sMacintos!$2.95April1984Issue47Vol.6;No.4£225UK$825CanadaealISSN0104-347EeTheLeadingMagazineOfHome,Educational,AndRecreationalComputingSecuritiesAnalysis:ASophisticated,Ready-To-RunProgramForCommodore64,VIC-20,Atari,AndIBMPCAndPCjrTheShakeoutBegins,AWatershedCESShowTheWormOfBemer:ACompleteActionGameForCommodore64,ViC-20,Atari,TI-99/4A,AndIBMPCAndPCjrPlusApplications,Tutorials,Reviews,_AndMuchMore92gMaser3/0LeganBac)TBOessesecardfsxoeO4attil3
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NN__April1984Vol.6,No.4iFEATURES_:ae<40TheShakeoutBegins:AWatershedWinterCESieViensTomR.Halfhill‘34HowCOMPUTE!ReadersUsePersonalComputersInTheirBusinesses..........BernieGhiselin:44Apple'sMacintoshUnveiledSerenNmieleskies+,FredD'ignazioAP448SecuritiesAnalysis.....meFredSchobert,Jr.64NIATIPCIPCirii:i“ryEPSee%_:EDUCATIONANDRECREATIcoche]:;74WormOfBemer........ReessistertceahytsrsussseeesStephenD.FultzVI64MUPCIPCjr99BC'sQuestForTires............os-Saariintetest..JamesV.TrunzoAP/AT/64/AD100Radiotapéaeisoe5sittercesereeees.DanCarmichaelVi646TheEditorsNotesaemsGeeroee«++RobertLock:64ComputersAndSociety:BeyondBASIC...:Srpaaees:DavidD.Thornburg=68TheBeginner'sPage:Size,Speed,OrClarityme-aeage....RichardMansfield-102OnTheRoadWithFredDiignazio:GrandmotherGoesToComputerCamp,Part2%aesee.FredDilgnaziox108Readers’Feedback.......,a5trsersoseressTheEditorsandReadersofCOMPUTE!=124MachineLanguage:AProgramCritique,Port4....ccc.cceeesee.JimButterfield£12864Explorer‘‘4tethaseceinesLarryIsaacs64134INSIGHT:Atari.......eeetee;:etica:BillWilkinsonAT135ProgrammingTheTI:FileProcessing,Part2;sBeaoeNenensse.C.RegenaTl1401540/1541DiskHousekeeping.........eet*33oes+.,MichaelMaioneSVi644143HiddenAtariDOSCommands.JasonLexThomasAT4145FunctionKeysForTheApple«IlanReubenAP.447VariableLister....ane..KennethD.Day—VIGAIAT152Qwikload/SaveForVICAnd64RichardL.WitkoverVI64154VIC/64ScreenprintearsFrankC.Gutowski2Vib:487AdvancedDiskLoggingOnThe64..JimButterfield64459ComplexDiskCopiesForThe64JimButterfield64©164AtariDisplayListInterrupts:.KarlE.WiegersAT165TITricksAndTipszMichaelA.CovingtonTl167CommodoreDiskDatamaker:::...EricBrandonPAI64170SuperDirectoryfeaeieeeaes..MichaelContinoOAIPIVIAT/PC/PCjr438TheAutomaticProofreaderForVIC,64,AndAtaria479ABeginner'sGuideToTypingInProgramspeteal180180HowToTypeCOMPUTE!’'sProgramsprograma.co481CAPUTE!ModificationsOrCorrectionsToPreviousArticles182News&Products494ProductMart192AdvertisersIndexAPAppleATAtari,PPET/CBM,VVIC-20,CRadioShackColorComputer,64Commodore64,T§Timex/Sinclair,TITexasInstru-reaaanTOLLFREESubscriptionOrderLine*Allorseveral‘above.800-334-0868(InNC919-275-9809)aewusCOMPUTE!Publications,inc.COMPUTE!TheJournalforProgressiveComputing(USPS:537:(OneofmeABCPubtinngCompanCOMPUTE!Publications,Inc.,P.O.Box5406,Greensboro,NC2740EditorialOfficesarelocatedat324WestWendoverAvenue,Gre0)ispublishedmonthlybyUSA.Phone:(919)275-9809.sboro,NC27408.Domesticaeeubeatiptions:12issues,$24.Sendsubscriptionordersorchangeofaddress(P.O.form3579)toOneoftheABCPublishingCompanies:COMI#Magazine,P.O.Box914,Farmingdale,NYnaySecondclasspostagepaidatABCPublishing,President,RobertG.BurtonGreensboro,NC27403andadditionalmailingoffices.Entirecontentscopyright©1984byCOMPUTER4830AvenueofthieAmericasNewYorkNewYork100197X.:Publications,Inc.Alllrightsreserved,ISSN0194-3
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EDITOR’SNOTESRichardMansfield,senioreditorofCOMPUTE!,hassomereservationsaboutthenearlyunanimouspraisewhichhasgreetedtheintroductionofApple'snewMacintoshcomputer.Thismonth,I'mturningoverthisspacetohimforaguesteditorial.RobertLockEditorInChiefaeeeeInthebrouhahasurroundingtheintroductionofApple’snewMacintosh,littlehasbeensaidaboutthemostshockingthingaboutthis“newgeneration”computer—itdoesn’tincludealanguage.Youcan’tprogramit.There’snoBASICinside.BASICandotherprogramminglan-guageswillbeavailablelater,buttheessenceofthismachine,itsspirit,isarejectionofpro-grammingitself.Inthisrespect,it’smorelikeastreetcarthanaPassengercar.Theplacesyoucangowithitarepredetermined,trackslaiddowninthepavement.Fornow,therearethreedestinations:wordprocessing,spreadsheetanal-ysis,andpicturepainting.Doyouhavesomethingelseinmind?You'llneedtowaituntilthesoftwareisavailableandyou'llneedtobuyanotherdisk.Expressionsofdoubtaboutthisnewmachinehavebeenfewandfaint.Themedia,aidedbycomputerindustrygurus,hassentupanearlyunanimouscofjoy.It’sbeencalledthefirsttrueconsumercomputer,anappliancecomputer.It’sbeencalledthecomputerthat’seasiesttolearn.Perhapswecouldraiseafewquestions,justabriefpauseforreflection.6COMPUTE!April1934WhatisthespiritofMacin-tosh?Tofindout,let’slookatwhathappenswhenyouturniton.Apictureofadisketteap-pearsonscreenwithanarrowpointingatit.Unlikeothercomputerswhichmightprint“INSERTDISK”onscreen(ornotprintanything,expectingyoutoremembertoinsertadisk),Macintosh’smessageiseasytounderstand.Youdon’tneedtoknowhowtoread.Next,youinsertthediskandthediskdriveactivatesitself.Untilnow,youhadtobeabletotypeinsomethinglike“LOAD”topullthesoftwareinfromthedisk.Macintoshdoesthatforyou.Youdon’tneedtoknowhowtotype.Fromhereonitgetsabitmorechallenging—youhavetobeabletopointthescreenarrowtoapictureandpressabutton.Thisisnotdonefromthekey-board,however.Attachedtothecomputerisa“mouse,”alittlerollingdevicethatmovesthearrowaroundthescreenasyoupushthemousearoundatable.Ontopofthemouseisthebuttonyoupresswhenthearrowisonthepictureyouwant.Youmighthaveascreenwithapictureofahandholdingapen,ahandpainting,afilefolder,amemopad—whateversymbolsrepresentdifferentsoft-wareonthedisk.Ifyouselect,say,thehandholdingthepen,anewsetofpicturechoicesap-pearsandyou'rewellonyourway.You'resettingthingsuptobeginwordprocessing,tobeginwritingsomething.Atthispoint,though,you'llhavetoabandonthemouseandstarttypingyourownwords.Clearly,therearealwaystradeoffsbetweenconvenienceandfreedom,betweenwhat’seasytolearnandwhat'sversatileinuse.Somepeoplewilloptfortheformer,arguingthatcom-putingisn’tveryinteresting,they’renotgoingtobeusingacomputerthatoften,andwhenevertheydouseittheywantittobeconvenientandsimple.That'stheirright,ofcourse.Ifeelthesamewayabouttelephones.Idon’tlikeusingthem.Iwouldn’twantonethatcouldremember50numbers,couldrecordmessages,orcouldlocatemeanywhereinthecityandsetoffanalarmhangingonmybelt.Iwanttodial,communicateamessage,andgetonwithmylife.Forpeoplewhofeelthiswayaboutcomputers,atask-oriented,prepackagedsoftwaremachineliketheMacintoshisideal.Mouse,littlepictures,andall.Butifyoulikecomputing,ifyoufinditchallengingandcrea-tivetoworkwithprograms,allthemenuswithinmenusandthemousingwilljustgetintheway.Thefirstfewtimes,itwillbeeasiertogetintothewordProcessingmodebythesee-it-point-at-itmethod.However,Isuspectallthiscouldbecomerathertiresomeratherquickly.ple’sMacintoshUnveiledFredDiignazio,AssociateEditorFredD’IgnaziowastherewhenApple'snewMacintoshcomputerintroduceditselftotheworld.eeTheAppleMacintoshhaditscoming-outpartyatthemonthlymeetingoftheBostonComputerSocietyonMondayevening,January30.Theatmospherewasacrossbetweenafoot-ballpeprallyandagalarockconcert.PeoplejammedintotheelegantJohnHancockHallandfilledittothechandeliers.Everyonewastalkingloudlyandpointingupatthestage.Onthestagewasadarkbrownpodiumandatablewithafabricbagontop.High-TechRockVideoThelightsdimmed.Hugespeakersonthestageblastedtheaudiencewithahard,drivingrockbeat.Theaudiencebeganclappingtothebeat.Twogiantvideoscreensabovethestagelitup,showingpicturesofmen,women,kids,oldpeople,youngpeople,black,andwhitepeopleusingApple’snewMacintoshcomputer.Thepicturesappearedonthescreen,oneafteranother,accompaniedbythethemefromFlashdance.Themusicstopped.Theclappinggrewlouder.SteveJobs,theinventoroftheApplecom-puterandtheprojectmanageroftheMacintosh,climbedontothestage,smilingandwaving.Peoplebegancheering.Thenoisewasdeafening.AndNowAWordFromMac“TheMacintoshisthethirdmilestoneintheper-sonalcomputingrevolution,”Jobssaid,ashewalkedovertothetableatthecenterofthestage.“FirstcametheAppleIIin1977.”AnAppleIIappearedonthegiantscreenoverhead.“NextcametheIBMPCin1981.”APCap-44COMPUTE!April1984pearedonthevideoscreen.Theaudiencebeganlaughing.TheimageofthePConthescreenwasoutoffocusandalmostunrecognizable.“Andnow,in1984,”Jobssaid,ashereachedthetableandputhishandsonthebox,‘wehavetheMacintosh,thethirdmilestoneanddefinitelythegreatest.Itissogreatitisinsanelygreat.”xPeoplelaughed.Thewords“INSANELYGREATappearedingiantlettersoverJobs’head.“Thismachineeats8088sforbreakfast,”Jobscontinued.“ItsMotorola68000cranksalongat8megahertzandprocessesoveramillioninstruc-tionsasecond.Ithasfourmusicalvoicesandaspeechsynthesizerbuilt-in.ItsscreenhastwicethedotsofanAppleIIoraPC.YetthewholecomputerweighsonlyathirdofanIBMbox.“Nowit’stimetomeetMacinperson.”Withatheatricalflourish,JobsunzippedthefabriccaseandliftedtheMacintoshoutofthebag.Aninstantlaterhehadconnectedthepowercord,thekeyboard,andthemouse.Heswitchedonthecomputer.ThescreenoverJobs’headturnedskyblue.“Alltheimagesyousee,”hesaid,“aregeneratedbytheMac.””Jobslookedattheblankscreen.“Ah,yes,”hesaid.“Weneedadisk.”Hereachedinhisshirtpocketandpulledatiny34-inchdiskoutandwaveditattheaudience.Jobsinsertedthediskinthecomputer.ThelettersM-A-C-I-N-T-O-S-Hmarched,onebyone,acrosstheMac’sscreenandacrossthegiantscreenabovethestage.ThelettersmarchedintimetothethemefromChariotsofFirethatblaredfromthestage’sgiganticspeakers.“Andnow,”Stevesaid,“awordfromMac.”Hegesturedtothecomputer.Maccamesuddenlytolife.“Thankyou,
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BONES.00INACANTIONAINE:CATSCOMPUTERS!|BEWAREoFSPIKE!{2}SURGEUse9©augdPre“tuProteciibleo!®CteyMevested»“Gna,*rantySteve,”itsaid.Itsvoicewasmechanicalandcomputer-like,butitwaseasytounderstandandstrangelyimbuedwithpersonality.Macgaveaquick,crispintroductiontoitself.ItshowedtheaudiencehowtoaccessfilesandhowtouseitsMacWriteandMacPaintprograms.Thenitgaveadazzlinggraphicsdisplay.Itfinisheditsperformancewithwordsofadvice:“Nevertrustacomputeryoucan’tlift.”“Andnow,”saidMac,whentheaudiencefinishedclapping,‘backtoSteve.’”TheSecondDesktopApplianceJobsthenspokeaboutthepotentialmarketforthenewcomputer.“TheMacisadeskappliance,”hesaid,“thefirstsincethetelephone.“Upuntilnowcomputershavebeenliketelegraphs.Overacenturyago,whenthetele-graphwasinvented,peoplepredictedthedaywhentelegraphterminalswouldbeoneveryone’sdesk.Buttelegraphsweretoodifficulttouse.“Thenthetelephonewasinvented.Itwaseasytousesoeveryonecoulduseit.Itbroughtpeopleintouchwithother'peoplesoitwasusefultoeveryone.Sooneveryonewasusingthetele-phoneandthetelegraphvirtuallydisappeared.“Thesamethingwillhappenwithpersonalcomputers.Onlyafractionofthe235millionpeopleinthiscountrycanusepersonalcom-puters.ButtheMacisdifferent.Likethetele-phone,itisadeskappliance.Itisthecomputerfortherestofus.”AMeansToAnEndEarlierintheevening,atthepressreception,IhadbeentalkingwithMikeMurray,marketingmanagerfortheMacintosh.LikeJobs,MurraycalledtheMacintoshanappliance.“Ilookedupapplianceinthedictionary,”Murraysaid,“anditsaidthatanappliancewas‘ameanstoanend.’That'stheMac.It’sameanstoanend.”Thatnight,filledwiththethrilloftheocca-sion,IjustnoddedatMikeandgrinned.’’Ameanstoanend,”Ithought.‘That'sneat.”Atthattime,itlookedtomethatApplehadsolvedtheproblemofmakingcomputersusefulandattractivetoeverybody.IntheMactheyhadcreatedthefirstmass-marketcomputerappliance.ThefollowingmorningIreturnedhometoRoanoke.ThatafternoonIlookedupapplianceinmyowndictionary.Mydictionarydefinedapplianceas“amachinedesignedforaparticularuse.”AllofasuddenIrealizedthatApplehadclearedonlyoneofthetwohurdlesthathavepreventedtheaveragepersonfromusingacom-puter.First,despitemanufacturers’claims,com-putershaveneverbeeneasytouse.Second,no46COMPUTE!April1984onehasyetcomeupwithacomputerwithapar-ticularusewhichmakeseveryonewanttouseit.TheMacisn’taseasytouseasatelephone,butitisstilleasytouse,soI’dsayApplehasclearedthefirsthurdle.Unfortunately,unlikethetelephone,theMacdoesnothaveaclearlydefinedusethatisobvioustoeverybody.Thetelephoneputspeopleintouchwitheachother.ButwhatdoestheMacdothatiscomparable?TheMacisclearlyamilestoneinthepersonalcomputingrevolution.Itdoeseverythingmoreeasilythanalmostanyotheraffordablecomputer.Butitdoesnothingnew.TheFirstActivityApplianceYetMacisspecial,sospecialthatitstillmayeven-tuallybecomeanapplianceoneveryone’sdesk.OnewayforMactobecomeamass-marketcomputeristoeliminatethewholequestionof“WhatdoIdowithit?”Onewaytosidestepthisquestionistoreplaceitwithanotherquestion:“WhatkindofapplianceisMac?”SomepeoplesayMacisaninformationap-pliance.Otherssayitisaknowledgeappliance.Stillotherssayitisagraphicsartsappliance.Likethephone,itisalsoacommunicationsappliance.SowhatkindofapplianceisMac?Ithinkitisanapplianceunlikeanyappliancewe'veseenbefore.Ithinkitisanactivityappliance.Itletsyoudoactivities.YoudecidewhichactivitiesyouwanttodousingMac.Thisisadisappointingdefinition—untilyoulookathowMacletsyoudoactivities.WhatMacdoesislessimportantthanhowitdoesit.First,Macletsyouindividualizeeverythingyoudo.Youcanpersonalizethewayyouplay,thewayyouwork,thewayyouinteractwiththerestoftheworld.Macbecomesanextensionofyourself.Itletsyouputyourstamp,yourpersonalimage,oneverythingyoudo.Thisisasupremelysatisfyingfeeling.Second,andmostimportantofall,Macmakeswhateveractivityyoudoexciting.Ifthissoundslikegobbledygook,good!Iadviseyoutobeskeptical.Don’ttakemywordforit.GodowntoyourlocalAppledealerandtryMacforyourself.ThenrereadthisarticleandseeifI’mnotright.ApplewillbeabletoselltensofmillionsofMacsifitcanjustconveythesetwosimplequalitiestopeople.Maccannotdoanythingnew.Butitcanmakewhateveryoudomorejoyful,andmoreexciting.Itmakeseverythingyoudoapersonalstatementofwhoyouareandhowyouseetheworld.WhatMakesMacExciting?TheexcitementyoufeelwhenusingMacisdiffi-culttodescribebecauseitcomesfromlotsoflittle,
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ASOFTWARESTARISBORNAPrentice-HallCompany11480SunsetHillsRd.Reston,VA22090Availableatyourlocalbookstoreandcomputerretailer,orcallusat(800)336-0338gigoo!theFor11200orMovieMaker™bringstheartofcomputeranimationtoyourAtariHomeComputer®.Andturnsyouintothedirector.NosProgrammingisnecessary,justimagination,flairandadesiretoexperiment.MovieMaker™isapowerful,innovativetoolthatletsyoudevisetheaction,setthescene,createtheactorsandstagetheaction.The“Compose”modeletsyoudrawcharactersandbackground,withaspecial“Mirror”functionforquickandeasyduplicationofshapes.The“Zoom”letsyouaddincredibledetailforastoundingrealism.Whenyou“Record,”youfilmandeditupto300framesofcontinuousaction,controllingspeed,sequence,colors,cameraanglesandlayersofsound.Andthe“Smooth”functioneliminatesallflicker.Theresultsaresoprofessional,you'llwanttofilmonedreamafteranother.Andyoucan,withouteverleavingyourkeyboard.That'sthereasonwhyMovieMaker™isthebestsellingsoftwarefromCreativePastime™.MovieMaker™isaCreativePastime™fromRestonSoftware™ComingsoonforApple,"IBM-PC,*Commodore64™FortheAtari800/1200®ComputerAtariisaregisteredtrademarkofAtari,Inc.intangible,almostsubconsciousfeatures.ThesearethethingsInoticedwhenIfirstplayedwiththeMacintosh:First,usingMacisintuitive.Atmostpointswhenyouwanttodosomething,youcanguesshowtodoit.Macdoesthingsthewayyoufeeltheyoughttobedone.Second,Macisagraphicartsmachine.Every-thingthecomputercandoisrepresentedpicto-nally.Therearenoexoticcommands,nounintel-ligibleerrormessages,andnocontrolcharacters.Whenyoudosomething,youseetheendresultonthescreen,almostinstantly.Third,theMacismanageable.Whenyoutakeitoutofitsbox,youarenotoverwhelmedwithsnakelikecables,powercordadapters,diskdrives,andheftymanuals.ItwaseasiertosetuptheMacthanitwastosetupthenewTVmyfamilygotforChristmas.Fourth,theMac’skeyboardisunlikeallothercomputerkeyboards.Itlooksfamiliar—likeasmalltypewriterkeyboard.Therearenorowsofin-timidatingfunctionkeysandominouskeyslikeHELP,ESCAPE,BREAK,andRUN.Fifth,evenasimplifiedkeyboardisstilltoomuchformanypeople.ThisiswheretheMac’smousecomesin.Believeitornot,themousereallyiseasytouse.Formanyapplications,themousecompletelyreplacesthekeyboard.Sixth,theMac’smenusareveryfriendlyandtheydonotslowyoudown.AfteronlyacoupleofminutespracticeIwaszippingaroundinsideanactivity,usingthemenuswithoutbreakingmystride.Seventh,likeaniceperson,theMacis“userforgiving.”TheMacletsyougetoutofanymistakebyselectingtheUNDOfunction.Nomatterhowdisastrousyourlastactionwas,youcanim-mediatelyundoit.Eighth,theMacislight(only20pounds).Itsbag(at$100),itsfewpartsandcables,anditslightweightmakeiteasytocarryaroundwithyou.Tobepersonalacomputershouldbeportable.Now,whereveryougo,youcantakeyourcomputerwithyou.Last,theMacdoesawaywithsomeofcom-puters’mostirritatinghabits.Forexample,manycomputersareextremelysensitivetovoltagefluc-tuationsandmomentarybrownoutsinhouseholdelectricalcurrent.TheMacisnot.Also,theMacistallandskinny.Unlikemostcomputers,itdoesnothogyourwholedeskorkitchentable.ThisCrazyGroupOfPeopleAfterJobsandMacconipletedtheirpresentationsinJohnHancockHallthatnightinBoston,JobscalledhiscoreteamofMacengineersandpro-grammersuponthestagetodemonstratetheMacandtoanswertheaudience’squestions.TheMacteamrandowntheaislesandpoureduponthestage.Peopleintheaudiencebeganclappingwildly.Theteamrespondedbywavingandgrinning.TheMacteam—twelvemenandonewoman—wereasdiverseintheirdressandpersonalitiesastheycouldbe.Someworeties,othersworebluejeansandT-shirts.Somewereshyandwithdrawn.OtherswerejustasoutgoingandtheatricalasJobsandMac.Jobsspokeofhisteamas“artists.’”Hepre-sentedaslideshowoftheteammembersatworkontheMac.“Wepreparedthisslideshow,”hesaid,“totrytocapturesomeoftheenergyofthiscrazygroupofpeople.”Attheconclusionoftheslideshow,oneoftheprogrammers,BillAtkinson,speakingfortheteam,said,“WearehopingthatthroughtheMacwecanleverageourenergyintotheworldatlarge.”ThelastslideshowedtheinsideofthecasethatcoverstheMac'smonitor,diskdrive,andcircuitboards.OnthesideofthecaseofeveryMacintoshareinscribedthenamesofthemembersofMac’steam.TheRightStuffManypeoplehavebeguncomparingtheteamtotheoriginalastronauts.Themembersoftheteamarecalledthe“astronautsofcomputing.”Theiridealism,theirindividualgenius,theirdevotiontotheirwork,andtheirstandardsofexcellencearelikethemannedspaceprogramastronauts’highlytouted“rightstuff.”There’snoquestionthattheMacteamhastherightstuff.ButI’mnotsuretheyshouldbecalledastronauts.Infact,thereisnodirectcom-parisonwiththemannedspaceprogram.Thesmallnumberofastronautsinthespaceprogramwerejustthetopofapyramidofthousandsofanonymousindividualswhoseef-fortsmadetheastronauts’greatachievementspossible.WithApplethispyramidisupsidedown.TherightstuffdemonstratedbytheteamofMacprogrammersandengineershasbeeninfusedintotheMacintoshcomputer.Thisteamrepre-sentsthesmallpointatthebottomoftheupside-downpyramid.TheMacintoshwillperhapseven-tuallybeusedbymillionsofus.Werepresentthebroadbaseattheupside-downpyramid’stop.Theteam,unliketheircounterpartsinthespaceprogram,havereceivedwell-deservedrec-ognitionandpraisefortheirefforts.Andwhoaretheastronautsofcomputing?Weare,allofus.NewgenerationsofcomputerslikeMacwillgiveallofustherightstuff.WithnewcomputerslikeMacwecanallsoar.CcApril1984_COMPUTE!47
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SecuritiesAnalysisFredSchobert,JrThehomecomputerisideallysuitedforthetaskofin-vestmentanalysisandcanquicklyperformcalculationsthatwouldtakehourstodobyhand,evenwithacalcu-lator.Thisprogramprovidesyouwithsomeofthesamepowerfultoolsusedbyprofessionalfinancialanalystsinevaluatingstocksandbondsandthecompaniesthatissuethem.Versionsareincludedforthe64andVICwith3Kormoreexpansion,Atari,andIBMPCandPCjr.reeIntoday’sfinancialenvironment,eventhemostmodestinvestorcanparticipateinawidevarietyofinvestmentopportunitiesthroughdiscountbrokersorstockaccumulationplanslikeMerrillLynch’sSharebuilderaccount.Ifyou'reinterestedinthestockmarketbutdon’tknowanythingaboutinvesting,youshouldknowthatmostbrokerswillbehappytoassistyou.Also,therearemanyexcellentsourcesofinvestmentinformationavailable.Someofthebestare:thePBStelevisionprogramWallStreetWeek,TheWallStreetJournal,Barron's,Forbes,For-tune,BusinessWeek,Moody’sInvestorsService,theValueLineInvestmentSurvey,andStandardandPoor'sOutlookandStockGuide.Thesesourcesareavailableinmostlibrariesandbrokeragehouses.Youmustclearlyunderstand,however,thatthemarketisriskyandthatusuallythehighertheprofitpotential,thehighertheaccompanyingtisk.Thisprogramisnotaget-rich-quickscheme.Itmerelygivesyouasetoffundamentalanalyticaltoolsthatyoucanusetomakeinformed,intelli-gentinvestmentdecisions.Theprogramiswrittenfortheaverageper-son.However,ifyouarecompletelyunfamiliarwithfundamentalanalysis,itwouldbehelpfulifyoufirstreadtwofreepamphletsdistributedbythenation’slargeststockbroker,MerrillLynch.TheyareHowtoReadaFinancialReportandTheBondBook.Familiaritywiththeseandthenotesinthisarticleshouldallowyoutousethisprogramcorrectlyandevaluateitsoutputeventhoughyou'veneverbeenexposedtoinvestmentsorfinancialmattersbefore.Theprogramisdividedintofivemainsub-routines.Twoareusedforstockvaluation,oneforfundamentalanalysis,oneforbondvaluation,andthefinaloneforprintingtothescreen.48COMPUTE!Aprii1984TheGordonValuationModelTheGordonstockvaluationmodelislocatedinlines205-580.Althoughlimitedinitsusefulness,itisacademicallysoundandisthebasisforthemorecomplexmodelsusedbyprofessionalse-curitiesanalysts.Itisbasedonthepremisethatstockpricesaredeterminedasthepresentvalueofastreamofcashflows(dividends).Themajordrawbackofthemodelisthatitassumesthatthegrowthrateanddividendpolicyofthecompanyareperpetualandunchanged.Thesubroutineasksyoutoestimatethecom-pany’sannualgrowthrateinearnings.Duetotheimportanceofaccuratelyestimatingearningsgrowth,itisbesttousetheestimatesofprofes-sionalanalystswhohavethemostup-to-dateobjectiveandsubjectiveinformationattheirfingertips.Theseestimatescanoftenbefoundinthesourceslistedearlier.However,ifnogrowthestimatesareavailable,theprogramwillrequestmoredatafromyouandestimateagrowthrateitself.Inline230themodelalsodefineswhatisknownasthemarketriskpremiumas5.5percentoverthelongtermTreasuryrate,adjustedforrisk.Thisisanestimateanddiffersslightlyfromyeartoyearandfromstocktostock.Thefigurewasderived,however,fromastudywhichcalcu-latedtheaveragemarketriskpremiumforStand-ardandPoor's400Industrialsoverthepast20years.Anotherstudy,basedonfiguresfrom1926-1978foundthemarketriskpremiumtoaverage6.2percentovertheU.S.T-billrate.IfyoufeelmorecomfortabledealingwiththeT-billrate,youcanmaketheappropriatechangesinlines220-230.Aquickcomparisonofthetwofiguresshowsthattheyareapproximatelyequivalent.Another,moregeneral,modelislocatedinlines750-940.ThisisarevisionofthefamousGrahamvaluationmodelandwasdesignedtoyieldavaluecloselyapproximatingthevaluesobtainedfrommuchmorecomplexmodels.Anearningsmultipleisobtainedandthenmultipliedbynor-malizedearningstoobtainthepriceofthestock.Althoughthismethodleavessomethingtobedesired,namelysubjectiveinput,youcannor-malizeearningsbyfittingaleastsquareslineartrendlinetothelastfiveyears’earningspershareinlines790-820andthenpickoffthecurrentyear’snormalizedearningspershare(EPS).Toobtainagrowthrate,calculateamean
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PUBLISHEDBY&@@SCHOLASTICINC.VOLUME2NUMBER5What'sGoingonintheHomeComputerMaHowToProtectYourDisks:OriginalProgramsforADAM,Apple,AtarCommodore64&VIC-20,IBM,Tl,TimexandTRS-80-&=0769.56140084j4igii:H4Fz£3:HiiHi;i'H!iiFEATURES36THECOMPUTERASCOACHbyBobCondorThenewbreedoffitnesssoftwareoffersadoublepayoff:Theimpetustoexercise,andthediscipline,feedback,andencouragementofpersonalcoach.PLUS:WATCHINGWHATYOUEATPage36COMPUTERS:FORTHESUBURBSONLY?byM.S.KaplanAcommunitycomputercenterinNewYork'sEastHarlemallowsstudentstoearncreditandencouragesfamiliestolearnaboutcomputerstogether.a7DISKCARE:12DON’TSANDADObyMarthaGoreIfyoufollowthesesimplerules,youandyourfloppydiskscankeeprunningsmoothlytogether.PLUS:IFTHEWORSTHAPPENSAPPLE'SMACINTOSHbyCharlesH.GajewayAhands-onreviewofacomputerthatcombinesportabilityandeaseofuse.54AUTO-MATIONbyDanielandKarenKlassenIt'snoteasykeepingtrackofeightStudebakers,14,000parts,and6,000membersoftwonationalcarclubs.Butacomputercanhelp.We'lltellyouhow.Page43DyFISHINGFORACOMPUTER?byNickSullivanAnoverviewofmajormarkettrendstomakeyouasmartershopper._~Page58Page54
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BYCHARLESH.GAJEWAYWiththeMacintosh,AppleseemsatlasttohavedesignedanewproductthathasachanceofrivalingtheAp-pleIIinitsprofoundandlastingim-pactontheindustry.WhiletheMac-intosh’sprimarymarket—givenitspricetag($2,495)andinitialpro-gramofferings—isbusinessusers,itsextremecaseofuse,portability,andApple'slong-standingcommit-menttotheeducationalmarketgivetheMacintoshenormouspotentialasafamilycomputer.MACDESIGNInsteadofviewingthepersonalcomputerasanincreasinglysophisti-catedbuthighlytechnicaltool,AppledesignedtheMacintoshasaninfor-mationappliance,aseasytouseasatelephoneoranautomobile.ThecornerstoneoftheMacintosh’ssystemisthemouse,alittlemechani-caldevice—whatApplecallsa“small,rollingbox’—connectedbycabletothesystemunit.Themouseisagreatequalizer—whateverprogramyouuse,youcontrolitbymovingthemousetochooseitemsfromaseriesofon-screenmenus.Theactualchoiceismadebyeitherholdingdownabuttononthemouse,orre-leasingit.Thus,usersdon'thavetoCHARLESH.GAJEWAYisafrequentcontributortoFAMILYCOMPUTING.Hislastarticlewas“AHands-OnReview:IBMPCjr,”intheAprilissue.‘SHALSASNOMVIMOANTTUALAJOASALYNODHALAANODMATA52FAMILYCOMPUTINGlearnanewsetofcommandsforev-eryprogram.WiththesameMotorola68000mi-croprocessorusedinApple'savant-gardeLisa,theMacintoshisafast,powerfulpersonalcomputer.SomeapplicationsrunuptotwiceasfastastheydoontheIBMPC.Ithas128KofRAM,abuilt-indiskdrivewith400Kstoragespace,andanextreme-lyhigh-resolution,black-and-whitebuilt-inmonitor.TheMacintoshhassophisticatedsoundcapabilities,andisabletoreplicatethehumanvoice.Furthermore,thewholepackage,whichweighsonly20pounds,isde-signedtobetransportable.The58-keykeyboardiscompact,(withthemouse,functionandcursorkeysaren'trequired),andattachestothesystemunitwithacoiledcord.Thekeysarefull-size,andnice-lyangled.Atfirstglance,thenine-inchdisplayscreenseemsdubiouslysmall,thoughincharacterwiththerestofthesystem.Themouseisrect-angular,withroundededgesthatmakeitcomfortable.Allinterfaceconnectionsareexter-nal:Twohigh-speedserialports(oneforaprinter,theotherforamodem),amouseport,andaporttoconnectanexternaldiskdrive.DESKTOPICONSTheMacintoshisstartedbyinsert-ingadiskandturningonthepower.Thediskwhirs,achimesounds,andAHANDS-ONREVIEW:Apple'sMacintoshTHECOMPUTERTHATROARED—afterafewseconds,abannerreadingWELCOMETOMACINTOSHflashesonthescreen.Atthispoint,allfearsaboutthesmallscreendisappear.Thedis-Playisextremelyclearandsharp,madeupofover175,000individualdots,orpixels—morethanthreetimesthenumberonanAppleIle.TheMacintoshoperatingenviron-ment,calledtheFinder,offersarichpictorialrepresentationofarealdesktop.Workingtoolsarerepresent-edbysmallpictures,calledicons.Eachicon—apaperwithwritingonitfordatafiles,amanilafolderforacollectionoffiles,acomputerforsys-temfiles,etc.—islabeled.Inaddi-tion,thereisasmallpointer.It'sscreenpositioniscontrolledbyslid-ingthemouseacrossthedesktop.To“open”thediskfiles,forin-stance,youpointthearrowatthediskiconandclickthebuttononthemouse.ThenyouslidethepointertotheFILEmenu,chosenfromalistofoptionsatopthescreen.Theselec-tionsavailableintheFILEmenuslidedownacrossthescreenlikeawindowshade(seephotograph).Holdingdownthemousebutton,youslidetherectangularwhitehighlightdowntoOPENandreleasethebutton.That'sallthereistoit.Nocom-mandstomemorize,notypingmis-takes—justpointatwhatyouwantandclickthebuttononthemouse.GeorgeEastmanwouldhavelovedit.Asanintroductoryoffer,twopro-‘ONTaUNNODFIddVASALINODSHAVIOOLONA
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see:inreadilyunderstandthiscomputer,Elsie;heneverutteredawordutBertandmeunderstandinganythiVIVONASILUNOOaVAVTVONMLLOOEFDYOTD$9610LHORIAGODMAY198451IEE—ee5gramscomebundledwiththeMacin-tosh—MacePaintandMacWrite.Bothareonone34-inchdisk.Thisdiskformat,muchsmallerthanthe5%4-inchstandard,allowedAppletosaveconsiderablespaceinitssystemunit.MACPAINT&MACWRITEMacPaintisapowerfulmagnifierofartisticabilities;eventheleastar-tisticpeopleIknowwerecompletelyabsorbedbyit.Asforkids—mytwo-year-oldcriedwhenhewasdraggedawayfromthecomputertoeatlunch,andmysix-year-olddidn’twanttogotobed.TheybothlikedMacPaintalot.Basically,MacPaintgivesyouablankcanvas,32“paintbrushes”tochoosefrom,apencil,andaneraser(allidentifiedwithicons).Thenitaddsanautomaticline-drawer,arectangle-maker,anellipse-maker,andapolygon-drawer.Youcanmixtextwithdrawingsinanyorallofninefonts,sixstyles,andeightsizes,foratotalof432possibletypesoftext.Thenthere'saspraycanforshading,apaintbucketinwhichyoucanmixpatterns,alassotose-lectirregularlyshapedobjects,andamirrorforsymmetricaldesigns.Isthatall?No,there'samagnifyingeditor(ApplecallsitFarsirs)thatletsyourefineyourpictureonedotatatime.FAaTBITSisoneselectionfromamenuheadedGoopes.Totopitalloff,youcan“cut”adrawingfromMacPaintand“paste”itintoMac-Write.Logos,letterheads,andillus-tratedtextareallatyourfingertips.MacPaintisfascinatingandeasytouse,butitisn’tperfect.It’sdiffi-culttodrawacirclelargerthanone-thirdthesizeofaregular814-by11-inchpage.Youcan’trotateanimageforthree-dimensionaleffects,norcanyoutrulyoverlayimages.Buttheseareminorcarpsagainstaveryorigi-nalprogram.MacWritehasnearlyasmanyfonts.styles,andsizesoftextavail-ableasMacPaint.Incombinationwithextensiveheaderandfooterca-pabilities,reasonablyflexibleformat-ting,andtheabilitytopasteinpic-turesfromMacPaint,MacWritebe-comesapersonaltypesettingtool.MacWriteisnotthemostpowerfulwordprocessoraround;severalfea-turesofvaryingimportancearemiss-ingorabitclumsy.Filesize,forin-stance,islimitedtoabout10pagesofsingle-spacedtext.But,forthosewhoneedmorepowerorroom,otherwordprocessorsareontheway(Mi-crosoftWord,forone).SOFTWAREAVALANCHEAppleexpectsthat100Macintoshprogramswillbeavailablebytheendoftheyear.Appleisreadyingacom-titeaitSougiosFeatFuntsicest‘MacWrite;noticethepastefunctiononthepull-downmenu,municationsprogram(forusewithamodem),severalbusinesspackages,andaversionofLogo,theeducation-alprogramminglanguage.Third-par-tydevelopers,includingahostofen-tertainmentandeducationalsoft-waremarketers,arereadyingadizzy-ingvarietyofsoftware.NoneoftheMacintoshsoftwarewillrunontheAppleIIline:norwillAppleIlsoftwareTunontheMacintosh.However,mostMacintoshsoftwarewillrunontheLisaline.Microsoft'sMultiplan,aspread-sheetprogram,isavailabienowandisanexcellentchoice.Macintosh’sabilitytolinkspreadsheetsmaxi-mizestherelativelylimitedwork-space(forabusinesscomputer).Itsformattingflexibilityandextendedfeatures,combinedwithaninterfacetoMacPaintandMicrosoftChart(agraphingprogram),giveMacintoshanimpressivearrayofspreadsheetfunctions.LikeallprogramsontheMacintosh,theMultiplanisextreme-lysimpletouse.Lotusisalsodevel-opingaMacintoshversionof1-2-3,thebigsellinggraphics-and-spread-sheetprogram.Otherbusinesspro-gramsarecomingfromSoftwarePublishingCorp.,marketerofthepopularPFSsoftwareline.BASICisnotbuiltintotheMacin-tosh,asitisonmostcomputers.TheMicrosoft.BASICinterpreter($199),theonlyBASICnowavailable,isanexcellentimplementationofthelan-guage.Butitallowstheuseramaxi-mumof24Koffreememory,andthisisaseverelimitationforallbutmod-estprograms.MacintoshBASIC($99),dueforsummerrelease,isex-pectedtorunfasterandmayprovidemoreusermemorythantheMicro-softversion.MacintoshPascal($99),cominginlatespring,hasspecialeducationalimportancesincePascalisthebasisofthecomputerscienceAdvancedPlacementexams.Asofnow,theonlyprintertheMac-intoshwillsupportistheAppleImagewriter(S495whenpurchasedwiththeMacintosh).Thisdot-mat-trixprinterhasbeenespeciallymodi-fiedtoproducehigh-densitygraphicsoutput.Itcanalsomixtextandgraphics.Whiletheprintisnotletter-quality,theoutputisclearandstrik-inglyattractive.OtherMacintoshaccessoriesfromAppleincludeapaddedcarryingcase(S99),anumerickeypad($129),anexternaldiskdrive(S495),300-baudand1200/300-baudmodems($225and$495),andanantitheftkit.FUTURISTICMACHINETheMacintoshisasuperbcomput-erthatimplementsasounddesignStrategybrilliantly.Itsadvantageseasilyoutweighitsminordrawbacks.The128Kmemorymaylimitbusi-nessusers,butshouldbemorethanadequateforhomeuse.AndApplesaysupgradesto256Kor512Kmaybepossibleinthefuture.Themaindrawbackforhomeusersrightnowisthelackofentertainment/educationsoftware,whichApplehaspromised.Anotherdrawbackisthelackofcolor,whichmayseverelylimittheimpactofsomeentertainmentsoftware.However,theextremeclarityoftheblack-and-whitedisplayisverypleas-ingtotheeye.Anupgradetocolorisexpectedinthefuture.Atabout$1,000morethananAp-pleIlesystem,theMacintoshisnotcheap,butforthosefamiliesthatfindothercomputerstoocomplicatedorbusinesslike,Ican’timagineabet-terchoice.TheMacintoshistrulyamachineforthefuture,bothinthehomeandtheoffice.MAY198453,
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Aute-MationPU,LA(AMcGraw-HillPublicationpearDANIELGndKARENKLASSENaresoftwareauthorswholiveinNorthfield,Minnesota.Karen'slastarticleforFAMILYCOMPUTINGwas“Castles,Cathedrals,andComputers,”publishedintheNovemberissue.54FAMILYCOMPUTINGIT’SNOTEASYKEEPINGTRACKOFEIGHTSTUDEBAKERS,14,000PARTS,AND6,000MEMBERSOFTWONATIONALCARCLUBS.ACOMPUTERHELPS.BYDANIELANDKARENKLASSENS02eT)KEENST..AmericantraditionoftakingaSundaydrivehasbeenaninstitutionforseveralgener-ations,butnowadays,youdon’tnoticethatmanyfamiliesheadingoutforaspinonaweekendafternoon.Gaspricesandadisap-pearingcountrysidehavechangedallthat.WhenLindaandArthurSeebachtaketheircaroutontheroadsneartheirhomeinNorth-field,Minnesota,memoriesofanothertimere-turn.Atimeofbig,sleek,American-madecars,atimewhengaswascheap,atimewhenafamilycouldaffordtomeanderonaSundayafternoonwithnoparticulardestinationinmind.WhentheSeebachsgooutforaride,itremindstheirneighborsofbygonedaysbe-causetheydriveabeautiful,black,1937Stu-debaker,oneofeightvintagecarsthey'vecol-lected.TheSeebachsneverreallyintendedtocol-lectStudebakers.Itjusthappened.Itallbeganin1958whenArthur'sfathergavehimtheagingfamilyStudebaker,a1937Dictator,totravelthe100milesbetweenhishomeandthecollegehewasattending.LittledidArthurreal-izethenthatyearslaterheandhiswife,Linda,wouldhaveacollectionofStudebakers,morethan14,000partsforavarietyofmakesandmodelsofthecar,plusseveralcomputerstohelpthemkeeptrackoftheiraccidentalhobby.THECOLLECTIONGROWSTraveling"throughPennsylvanialaterin1958,theSeebachsfoundtheirsecondStude-baker,another1937model,thePresident.Theypaid$35forthecar,whichtheyhadspottedinafieldnearGettysburg,andhadittowedtoalocalgarage.(Itcostthem$800,however,togetthecarmovingagainsinceitneededanewengine.)ThetwoStudebakersprovidedreliabletransportationforthecouple,butasthecarsgrewoldertheyneededmoreandmorerepairs.SotheSeebachsbegantocollectStudebakerparts,because,asLindasaid,“Youcan’texpecttostopinatthelocalautopartsstoreandexpectthatitwillhaveeverythingyouwantfora1937Studebaker.”TheSeebachswouldoftenvisitanautopartsdealerlookingforasingleheadlightandwalkoutoftheshopwithaboxfulofoldStudebakerparts.TheSeebachsmovedtoMinnesotain1965,whenbothhadbeenofferedjobsasmathematicsprofessorsatSt.OlafCollege.ItseemedprudenttolookforanewerStudebakersincethecoupleknewthey'dstillbemakingfrequenttripstoNorthwesternUniversityinEvanston,Ilinois,wheretheywouldcontinuetoworkontheirdoctoraldissertations.Thepurchasewasintendedtoreplacetheiragingautos,butsomehowthreebecamethemagicnumberandtheSeebachsbegantothinkabouttheircarsasacollection,along-lastinghobby—andeventually,afamilybusiness.“Bythetimeyouhavethreeofanything,peoplestartcallingyouandofferingyoumore,”saidLinda.“Ifyouhaveonecat,youhaveonecat.Ifyouhavetwocats,youhavetwocats.Butifyouhavethreecats,peoplestartcallingandsaying,“Youcollectcats,don'tyou?’”ALABOROFLOVEKeepingtrackofacollectionofseveralthousandcarpartsisnoeasytask.Inaddition,theSeebachfamily,includingtheir11-year-old66PeanutCOMPUTING1984eeeModelsSaas99REVIEWSHewlett-Packard150i!956°14UlIntegratedSoftwareHead-to-headcomparisonofLotus’s1-2-3andContext’sMBAaMicrosoft'snewInterfaceManageraNewdatabaseprogramsfromMicrorim,Condor,—&SPIfacintosh
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RedefinetheHomeMarket?IBMhopesso.ButcompetitionfromAppleandtheJapanesemaychangeitsplans.PEANUTbyDennisAllenhePeanut’sshellhasfinallybeencrackedopen,andthelong-awaitedIBMhomecomputerisreadyfortheworld.Beyondtheinitialfanfareandrushofexcitement,thePeanutislikelytocausedisappoint-ment;exceptforitslowcostandcom-patibilitywithsomeofthesoftwaredevelopedfortheIBMPersonalComputer,thePeanutofferslittlethat’snew.Duringthepastyear,rumorsandspeculationaboutthePeanuthavespreaduncheckedamongindustryex-pertsandWallStreetanalysts,creatingjigsawpiecesofmisinformation._ButnowthePeanuthasbeenunveiledandourques-tionscanbeaddressed.JustwhatisthePeanut?Will96December1983PopularComputingitbringordertoachaotichome-computermarkmuchastheIBMPersonalComputer(PC)setaedardforthebusinessmarketduringthepasttwoyears?OrwillthePeanutmerelysegmentthemarket|andbeovershadowedbyamorepowerfulcompetitor,thesoon-to-be-releasedAppleMacintosh?Wecontactedourbestsourcesbeforegoingtopress(justpriortoPeanut’santicipateddebut)topreparethisspecialreport.What’sinaPeanut?ThePeanuthomecomputer,whichwillsellforabout|$600to$700,isbasedonthe16-bitIntel8088micro-|processorthatisalsousedintheIBMPC.Itincludes64KbytesofRAM(expandableto128K).acrude|DennisAlienisauechnicaleditorofPopularComputing.PhoworaphbyMiteBlakekeyboard,abuilt-in54-inchdiskdrive,twoexpansion|slots(thereisnoprinterinterfacesooneoftheexpan-sionslotswillhavetobeusedforaprinter),andcolor|graphics.Theunitisquitesimilarinappearancetothe|IBMPC.ThePeanutplugsintoastandardtelevision|set,hasa40-columnntextdisplay,andwillcomewithPC-DOS$2.0andMicrosoftBASIC.ButforthePeanuttorunsomeofitsbigbrother’sprogramsitmustbeconfiguredwithan80-columnadapter,monitor,andprinter,whichpushthePeanut’spriceuptoabout$1300to$1400.TheonlycompatibilityproblemwithrunningIBMPCsoftwareisthePeanut’s128Kmem-oryceiling.ecauseIBMownsasizableportionofIn-tel,therehasbeenspeculationonwhichmicroprocessorthePeanutwoulduse—eitherthe8088orthe80188,anewerIntelmicroprocessor.Useofthemoresophisticated80188wouldalsoofferIBM|PCcompatibilityandallowadesignem-ployingfewerintegrated-circuitchips,whichmeanslowerproductioncosts.However,oursourcessay,the|availabilityofmicroprocessorchipsduringthedesignstageofthePeanutindicatesthatthe80188,inshortsupply,wil!appearonlyinlaterproductionunits,ifatall.Also,plansforawirelesskeyboardthatcouldcom-municatewithatelevisionacrossaroomusingin-fraredorhigh-frequencytechnologyweredelayed.However,ifthereliabilityofalow-costwirelesskey-boardcanbeimproved,suchafeaturewillprobablybemadeavailableasanoption.ShortMemoryThePeanut’largestdrawback,analystssay,istheceilingofthestandardunit.Indeed,<thatmanyexecutiveswhouseIBMPCsinillbuyaPeanutbecauseofitsPC-DOSoperatin;em,thinkingthattheymightbeabletobringalittleoftheirworkhomewiththem.Buttheproblemhereisthatmanyapplicationsrequire192Kto256Kbytestooperate,andwithamemoryexpand-ableonlyupto128K,thePeanutwillnotbeabletorunthemoresophisticatedmemory-intensiveprogramsthathavebeenrecentlyintroducedfortheIBMPC.IBM’sentryintothehome-computermarketunderscoresthepointthatthesemachinesarenolongertoysforplayingfrivolousgames.MarketanalystssaythePeanut’sdebutwillcreatearadicalchangeinconsumerattitudestowardhomecomputersandstimulatethemarket.ThisnewbreedofserioushomecomputersandtheattentiongiventoIBMarelikelytoresultinaspateofPeanutclones.Whenthishappens,PC-DOScouldwellbecomeadefactostan-dardinthehome-computermarketmuchasMS-DOS(thegenericversionofPC-DOS)hasbecomeastan-dardforthebusinessmarket.Astablebaseofin-stalledsystemswillspurmanyindependentsoftwaredeveloperstocreateabroaderrangeofcomputersoft-warewithagreaterdegreeofcompatibility.CanAppleBeFarBehind?TheIBMPeanutcanexpectstiffestcompetitionfromAppleComputerInc.First,althoughtheAppleIleisan&-bitsystem.itmayhavemoresimilaritiestothePeanutthanfirstmeettheeye.Andwiththein-troductionofanewoperatingsystemcalledPRO-DOSearlyin1984,thecapabilitiesoftheAppleIewillbegreatlyimproved.AddtothisanoptionalharddiskandtheAppleIlebecomesaverypowerfulcomputerPerhapsamoreinterestingchallengertothePeanutisApple’snewestcomputer,theMacintosh,whichisstillbehindcloseddoors.eaREARESFEEESSPSETRE,withthelargestbaseofsoftwareavailabletoanymicrocomputer.Butformostconsumersthebottomlineisprice,andAppleisexpectedtomaketheIlemorecompetitiveeitherbyreducingpricesorbundlingcomponents.Ap-pleisalsoexpectedtosharpenitscompetitiveedgewithastripped-downversionoftheIlethatwillsellforaround$500.ThisnewApplewouldhavealowerentrypricethanthePeanutandtheabilitytoupgrade|totheCP/Moperatingsystem.Second,andperhapsamoreinterestingchallengertothePeanut,isApple’snewestcomputer,theMacin-tosh,whichAppleisstillkeepingbehindlockeddoors.AlthoughtheMacintoshhasbeenintheworksforatleasttwoyears,itsfinalconfigurationandmarketnichehavebeenfiercelydebatedwithinApplehead-quarters.Infact,ithasbeenreportedthatApplecreatedseparatedepartmentsfortheLisaandMacin-toshprojectsandtheresultingcompetitionbetweenthetwocampscreateddelaysforboth.Appleisex-pectedtointroducetheMacintoshearlyin1984.UnlikethePeanut,astandardMacintoshwillin-|cludeamonitor,professionalkeyboard,anddiskdrive.TheMacintoshisexpectedtosellforabout$2000,only25percentmorethanafullyconfiguredPeanut.TheMacintoshisaderivativeoftheLisacomputer(seePopularComputing,March1988),anditusestechnologythatismuchmoreadvancedthanthePeanut’s.heissueincomparingMacintoshesandPeanutsbecomeshowmuchcomputerdoyoureallygetforyourmoney?Thedif-ferenceistwofold.TheMacintoshisbasedontheMotorola68000,a32-bitprocessorthathandlesdata16bitsatatime,whilethePeanut,liketheIBMPC,usesa16-bitprocessorwith&-bitdatahandling.AndtheMacintoshusesanewer,andperhapsmoresophisticated,operatingsystemasopposedtothePeanut’sPC-DOS.Becauseofitsspeed,the68000shouldbeabletohan-
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(SMPEANUTdieratherinvolvedfunctionslikebit-mappedgraphicswithoutslowingdownapplicationssoftwareasmuchasothermicroprocessors.Bit-mappedgraphics,forex-ample,allowsyoutoviewyourtextonthemonitorexactlythewayitwillappearonpaper—usingpropor-tionalcharactersmixedwithboldfacecharactersandsoon.Buttherealvirtueofabit-mappedsystemisitsabilitytoproducehigh-resolutiondrawings,charts,anddiagrams.Thisfeaturecanhaveatremendousap-pealforhomeusers.Apple,however,ishedgingitsbetsandplanstobroadenthebaseofsoftwarethatwillrunontheMacintosh.JohnSculley,chiefexecutiveofficerofApple.hasreportedlyorderedtheMacintoshtobecompatiblewiththeIBMPC.Notsolongago,tocon-sidermakinganApplecomputer“compatible”withanothermicrocomputerwasunthinkable.SculleyseemstobewillingtoletIBMsettheindustrystan-|dardandbuildontopofthat.usthowAppleplanstoachieveIBMcom-patibilityisyettobeseen.BecausetheMacintoshusesaradicallydifferentmicroprocessorthanthePeanut,makingtheMacintoshIBM-compatiblewillbenoeasytask.ApplehasalreadyannouncedMS-DOScompatibilityfortheLisa,perhapsusinganoptional8088cardinsertedinthemachine.TheMacintoshisunlikelytohaveinternalexpansionslotsliketheLisaortheAppleIle,butAp-plemaybeabletoperformalittlemagiconthe68000toallowittouseprogramswrittenfortheother|microprocessor.everalfeaturesmayindeedmakethe|Macintoshmoremarketable.First,unlikethePeanut,theMacintoshisdesignedprimarilyforbusinessapplications;itslargermemorycapacityandhigh-resolu-tionmonitorsupportthatclaim.Second,theMacintoshwillalsobepromotedforuseineducation.Oneschool,DrexelUniversityinPhiladelphia,hasalreadycontractedtopurchase3000ofthenot-yet-releasedApplecomputers.Theuniversi-tywillrequireallitsfreshmanstudents(about1800)topurchaseasystem.Eachsystemwillcomewithword-processingandspreadsheetsoftware.And_third,severalindependentsoftwaredevelopershavehadthe|Macintoshforthepast18months,andwhenitisfinal-|lyunveiled,buyersshouldfindamplesoftwaresup-port.SurvivorsandCasualtiesBecauseoftheirrelativelyhighprices,accordingtomarketanalysts,thePeanutandtheMacintoshwilldividehome-computerbuyersintoanupper-endgroupthatwillbuythemoreexpensiveIBMorAppleandanothergroupthatwillbuyColeco’sAdam,theCom-modore64,orsomeotherlessexpensivecomputer.Ofthelattergroup,Commodorewilllikelycomeouton100December1968PopularComputingtopbecauseofitslowerentrypriceofabout$200forakeyboardandcentralprocessingunitwithoutdiskdrivesorprinter.Commodore,withitsabilityto|manufactureitsownintegratedcircuitchips,hasastrategiemarketingadvantageandisanticipating|salesofthe64toreachabout2millionunitsduringthenext12months.oleco’sapproachwiththeAdamissomethingofacrossbetweenthePeanutandtheCommodore64.Itcarriesanag-gressivelylowprice,liketheCommodore64,andoffersmemoryexpansionsimilartothePeanut’s.YettheAdamistrulya“complete’’systeminthatassoonasyouplugitin,youcanbeginanapplication—wordprocess-ing.ButtheAdamhasitsproblems;itsletter-qualityprintermaypossibilybetheslowestcomputerprintereverbuilt,andrumorspointtoproblemswithitstapedrive.CriticsalsodoubtthatColeco,thevideo-gamemanufacturer,canindeeddelivertheprojected500,000computersystemsitpromisedfor1983.However,shouldColecomeetproductionandsalesprojections,within12monthstheCP/M-compatibleAdamwilloutnumberthePeanut3to1ininstalled|units.Addtothistheexpectedsalesof2millionCom-modore64s,someofwhichwillbeupgradedwithCP/Mcompatibility,andbytheendof1984,CP/M—notMS-DOS—mightbecomemoreattractivetothird-partysoftwaredevelopersforhomecomputers.exasInstrumentsandAtarihavenotfaredsowell.Slowsalesoftheirhomecomputershavesetthetwocompaniesinawkwardmarketpositions,andbothlosthundredsofmillionsofdollarsinapricewaragainstCommodore,whichrede-signeditscomputerstocutmanufacturingcosts.Unlessitrecoverswithcomputersusingad-vancedtechnology,TexasInstrumentsfacescertaindeathinthehome-computermarket.AnditremainstobeseenwhetherAtaricanmakeacomebackwithitsnewlineofredesignedhomecomputers.EntertheJapaneseAllthesefactorsmaycreatetheopeningtheJapanesehavebeenwaitingfor.Microsoft,thedeveloperofMS-DOS,hasgrantedlicensesforthatoperatingsystemtomorethan25Japanesemanufac-turers.JapannowhasakeytotheAmericanmarketbecauseawidelyacceptedoperatingsystemwillletJapantakeadvantageofexistingmarketingchannelsintheU.S.Asaresult,suggestsecurityanalystsL.F.Rothschild,Unterberg,Towbin,wecanexpecttosee“Cashews”or“Almonds”orotherimitationsoftheIBMPeanutfromJapan.Butthere’smore.Spectravideo,aU.S.manufac-turer,and17JapanesemanufacturershaveagreedonanewMSXhome-computerstandard,asetofhard-IBMPEANUTwareandsoftwarespecifications.Productsusingthis|newstandard,however,arelikelytobesoldprimarilyinJapaninanefforttopreemptIBMintheJapanesemarket.Meanwhile,AlexanderStein,seniorindustryanalystforDataquest,seesanevenclearerdivisionofthe|market:thenewfamilyofhomecomputersthatwill|probablycost$200to$500andhavetheabilitytoplay|games,controlhouseholdappliances,andperformotherdedicatedresponsibilities;andthelow-endpersonalcomputers,likethePeanut,thatwillcost$500to$1000andbeusedforwordprocessing,spreadsheetanalysis,databasemanagement,andothersuchapplications.|Becauseoftheirlowprice,Steinsays,thefirstgroup|wouldprobablybeimportedfromJapan.|ComparisonofMicrocomputersfortheHomeComputerMarket|PEANUT®APPLElle|ManufacturerIBMAppie|Microprocessor80886502|OperatingSystemPC-DOSDos|OptionatPRODOS*|Memory64K—128K64K-128K|DiskStorageROM-based5%-inch—140K|OptionalStorageOptional5%-inch-5%4-inch—6Mg.|360Kharddisk*|ColorAvailabilityYesYes|DisplayResolutionTeievision-quality‘StandardmonitorKeyboarcTypewritFul:size—63keys2functionKeysSpecialFeaturesMouseNeNo|ExpansionExternalbusIntemaislotsontUnbundledBundiec|CPL-Ke64K64KBasicUnitPrice$600Dis<Dre$400Inciudec|Sofware|OtherTablei|Display$400Included|Total$1400$1995|ApplicationSoftware|SourceThirdpartiesApple&ThirdPartyCompatiblePC-DOSCPIMEst.12Mos.Production(9183-9184)Units500,000600,000RetailVolume$700million$840millionTargetMarketsHomeHome{inorderofEducationEducationimportance)LimitedBusiness*Expectedintroductionduringnext12months.llthissetsthestagefortheescalatingbattleinthehome-computermarketforthecomingyear.AppleandIBMwilljoinCommodore,Coleco,Atari,andTexasInstrumentsasmajorcompetitorsamonghome-computermanufacturers.TheJapanesefirmsremainathreat,butonethatisstillundefined.TheintroductionofIBM’sPeanutwillcertainlyforcearestructuring,ifnotthefirstrealshakeout,inthehome-computermarket-place.Butifyou’rewaitingforallthepiecestofallneatlyintoplace,perhapsyoushouldthinkagain.Bythistimenextyear,oursourcessay,IBMandAppleareexpectedtointroduceanotherroundofevelower-pricedmodels.GMAGINTOSH*ADAMCOMMODORE64AppleColecoCommodore680002806510|MACProprietaryProprietaryProprietaryMOS|MS-DOSCPIMCPIM128K—?80K—144K64K|3%4-inch—280KROM+digitaltapeROM|—256K-512K5\4-inch—5Mg.5%-inchfloppy’5%-inch-170K_|harddisk|NoYesYes|Bit-mappedTelevisionqualityTelevision-quality|Typewriter-styleFullsize—75keys,Fullsize—66keys,6functionkeys4functionkeysYesNoNoExternalbusExtemalbusExternalbusBundledBundledUnbundied|128K80K64K$600$199includedTape—256K$300WordProcessingMousePrinter|Included$400$400|$2000$1000$899||Apple&ThirdColeco&ThirdCommodore&ThirdPartyPartyPartyPC-DOSCPIMCPIM400,0001.5million2.0million$800million$900million$1.0billionBusinessHomeHomeEducationEducationEducationHomeChartisreprintedbypermissionfromMicheleS.PrestonandCatherineC.Norton,“SMALLTALK:AMonthlyReviewoftheMicrocomputerIn-dustry,”August11,1983©L.F.Rothschild,Unterberg,Towbin.Allrightsreserved.102December1983PopularComputing
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January9,1984TheNewspaperForSystemsAndSoftwareRetailing|||BETWEENTHELINESExpecttoseetheunveilingofAppleComputerInc.’sMacIntoshcomputeratthecompany’sannualmeetingonJan.24.AccordingtoindividualswhohaveseenMacIntosh,thoseinattendanceatthemeetingwillbeintroducedtoasystemthatweighsapproximately19poundsandhasa9-inchmonochromescreenandtwo3.5-inchdiskdrivesthatareencasedinhardplasticandholdasmuchinformationasa5.25-inchdisk.MacIn-tosh’sbasicconfigurationwillalsoincludeadetachablekeyboardwithcordandwillcomewithamousethatcanperformabout65percentofthemachine’sfunctions.Thesystemswillbesoldunbundledand,inadditiontothethird-partysoftwarethatisexpectedtobereleasedforMacIntoshlaterthiswinterandspring,Applewillsellthroughitsdealersthreeofitsownsoftwarepackages.Thepackagesaresaidtoprovideword-processing,data-baseandgraphicscapabilities.About100machineshavebeengiventosoftwaredevelopers,andMicrosoftCorp.,whichissaidtobeworkingona1-2-3-likepack-age,reportedlyreceived25ofthosesystems.Eventhoughit’sstillalittlemorethantwoweeksbeforetheunveiling,unitswerescheduledtobeshippedtosomedealersthispastweekend.Itwaslearnedthatsixofthenation’slargestdealersweregivenaspecial“sneakpreview”ofthesystemseveralweeksago,withApplepromisingthatMacIntoshwouldbereadyforshipmentbythedayofitsintroduction,atthelatest.Appleinsid-erssaidthecompanyplanstoproducebetween420,000and500,000MacIntoshmachinesin1984.Also,thecompanyreportedlywillbeefupthedistributionchan-nelforMacIntoshbecauseitrealizesthattheMaccouldsnubAppleIlesales.TheofficialphraseAppleisusingisthatitwillbe“de-emphasizing”salesoftheTle,butthatdoesnotmeantheyareabandoningtheproduct,it.wassaid.Fromtheoutset,ApplewillbepositioningtheIe\andtheIIIdifferentlytomakeroomfortheMacIntosh.\Asforadvertising,Applehasstoppedalladsinpopular\computer-usermagazinesandreportedlywillreplace\theadswithMacIntoshspots.\\Apple’s1984ProspectsCouldHingeOn‘Mac’(ContinuedfromPage43)Towbin,referringtoApple’spros-pectsfor1984.“LookatLisaandMacIntosh.Lisawaslesssuccessfulbecauseitwasexpensive,hadnosoftware,wassixmonthslateinshipmentsandisastand-aloneintheIBMworld.“Ontheotherhand,MacIntoshwillbesupported,willbeshippedonthedayofitsintroductionandwillhaveanappealing$2,995pricetag.”UnanswerableQuestionsYet,saidPreston,somequestionsremaintantalizinglyunanswerable,chiefamongthem:“DoesMacIntoshhavefantasticenoughtechnology?”Appleisbettingitwill.Theconfi-denceApplehasinitsMacIntoshcanbewitnessedbythefullyautomated,costlymanufacturingfacilitythecompanyhasconstructedinFre-mont,Calif.QuickTake-OffSaidoneanalyst,“MacIntoshhadbettertakeoffquickly.Itsautomatedmanufacturingcapa-bilitiesareamajorexpense,meaningifthereisnotdemandfortheproductinhighvolumeitcouldbeawfullyrisky.”ButFloydKvamme,Apple’sexecu-tivevicepresidentofmarketingandsales,toldCRNthereiseveryreasontobepleasedwiththesys-tem’sprospects.tothesegmentofthemarkettowhichitisgoing,”hesaid.However,someanalystsareskep-ticalthataMacIntoshwithapropri-etaryoperatingsystemcanavoidsomedifficultiesbeingdirectedtoamarketthathasalreadybeensoldontheattributesofMS-DOS.OperatingSystemsButKvammesaidthatoperatingsystemswillcontinuetochangeastheindustrymaturesandthatAppleislookingatproducingsystemsfromthestandpointofwhataconsumerdesires.ii“T-wasfascinatedatComdexbythediscussionsonUnix,”he,said.“Infact,thereweremorediscus-sionaboutUnixthanCP/MorMS-DOS.“Thatisjustanothersignthatop-eratingenvironmentswillexperi-encemanychangesoverthecomingyears.”OfmoreconcerntoAppleatthecur-renttimeisimplementingproductstrategiesthathavebeenintheworksoverthepastseveralmonths.Thecompanyispromisingtodelivernewproductsataquickerpaceinthefutureandwilltestthatstancein1984.“Thatis-certainlyoneofthebig-gestissuesfacingApple.Wehavespentmanymonthsdevelopingnewproducts,nowwemustgooutanddoit.It’stheoldinspiration,perspira-(ContinuedonPage52)KVAMME:Applefacingtraditional“inspira-tion,perspiration,Implementation”cycle.
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LethonctssmiteeetYearAheadPromisesChangesInApple’sProductMark(ContinuedfromPage51)tion,implementationthe-ory,”Kvammesaid.Besidesconcentratingonbringingproductstomar-ketmorerapidly,Applehasalsomadeseveralstepstowardrealizingbet-tercommunicationswithinitsdealerbase,aswit-nessedbyaSeptemberdealerbriefingtour.HemaintainedthatApple.hasstrenuouslyworkedatenhancingitsrapportwithdealers-overthepastseveralmonths.-“Thenumberofretailop-erationsformingintolargegroupsofstoresmeansthattheyneedmoretimetoplanprograms,”hesaid.Therefore,justasdealerswerereportedlybriefedontheproductsthecompanyplannedtointroduceatComdex/FallinSeptember,©theywillreceivefurtherin-formationonApple’sbusi-nessintentionsforthewin-termonthsandearlyspringsellingseasonsometimethismonth,Kvammesaid.Andasidefrommaintain-|ingpositivedealerrelation-shipsin1984,KvammesaidApplewillbedevotingmoreefforttowardpushingprod-uctsintotheeducationarena.Thatpushcanbewit-nessedbythenumberofna-tionalradiospotsthecom-panyhasplacedthatfeatureyoungsterstalkingaboutschoolsthatutilizeApplecomputersaslearningtools.ThesubjectofmarketingtotheeducationfieldhasledseveralanalyststonotethatApplemightbeconcedinglargebusinessmarketdomi-nancetoIBMbyconcentrat-ingonnichemarketssuchaseducation._Kvammecounteredthoseviewssaying,“Thewholeis-sueofnichemarketscangetdangerous.“Saidoneway,itsoundslikeyouaresayingyoucan’t»bebroad-based.Butyoucanleverageoffthatandbesuc-cessful.”TelevisionAdvertisingAnotherissuethatKvammebrieflyaddressedconcernedApple’snationaltelevisionadvertisinginten-tionsin1984.HeconcededthatApplehasheardrumblingsthatitslatesttelevision‘advertisingprogramhasnothitthepoint,saying,“Oneproblemwithtelevisionisthatthetimeelementistoolong.“Ifwehadtodoitalloveragain,theadswouldnotlookthesameastheyhave,”hesaid.DonBrown,ananalystwithShearson/AmericanExpress,agreedthatApple’stelevisionadvertisingeffortstodatehaveindeedcomeupshort.“AdsfromApplearestressingalonepersonstandinginaroomallbyhimself—it’sabsolutelymindboggling,”hesaid.“Theadsareterrificforaromanticengineer,butforthemarket,well,itwantstopurchasecomputersfromacompanywhichhasthattoneofmassappeal.”BrownaddedthatifAp-pleistoavoidbecomingjustanother“me-too”manufac-tureritwillhavetorevampitsadvertising.:“It’samustyearforAp-ple,”Brownsaid.SaidKvamme,“Mustisafunnyword.Youmustcon-tinuetoprovideinnovativeproductsbecausethecon-sumerislookingtobuyasystemthathasstayingpower.“WehavethatintheAp-pleIIandbelieveournewproductswillsetsimilarex-amples.”Andwhatwould-happenshould1984turnouttobeapooryearforAppleanditsproductsdon’tliveuptotheirpotential?Prestonsaid,“Appleisabilliondollarcompany.Thatjustwon’tgoaway.ButifMacIntoshisnotsuc-cessful,Applewillbehurtoverthelongrun.”
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Apple,WithMacIntosh,Making(ContinuedfromPage1)retailoperationoncampus,systemswillbesoldthroughuniversitydepartments,ac-cordingtosourcesatseveralcolleges.Notsurprisingly,dealers,wheninformedofthepro-gram,reactednegatively,citingthefactthatApplehas—onappearances—de-cidedtobypassthedealerchannelintappingintothepotentiallylucrativestudentandfacultymarketplace.(Seerelatedstoryonthispage.)Aswell,thedealerssaidtheyarenoteligibleforthetypesofdiscountsthatAppleisaffordingtheuniversities.Seraaeaegramwillberequiredtomarketthedevicesatnon-bookstoresites,suchasthecomputerstoresthathavebeenspringingupatmanylargercolleges.Theuniversitiesselectedforparticipationinthepro-Incaseswhereuniversitiesdonothaveanappropriate(ContinuedonPage125)primarisystemsofferings.ily,butwillalsoincludethecompany’sotherbersiftheinstitutionssochoose.collegeofficialssaid,withthecollegesthenfreetosellthesystemstoaccreditedstudentsandfacultymem-collegesatdiscountsrangingfrom30to50percent,nouncedMacIntoshproductlines.Aspartoftheprogram,thoselineswillbesuppliedtowhenitmadeaconcertedpushtocaptureashareoftheschoolmarketforitsAppleIIline,hasdecidedtoembarkonasimilareffortaimedatcollegesanduni-versitiesonbehalfofitsLisaandsoon-to-be-an-tivelycalledthe“ConsortiumForHigherEducation,”isbeingbuiltaroundApple’sLisaandMacIntoshlinesTheyet-unannouncedcollege-salesprogram,tenta-AppleOffersSomeColl°¢>30-50%DiscountsOn‘MacByKenSiegmannandCarrieGottliebCUPERTINO,Calif.—AppleComputerInc.,whichincurredthewrathofitsdealersseveralyearsagoplace,thoughformalan-nouncementoftheeffortwillnotbeforthcominguntillat-erthismonth,accordingtocurrentplans.Apple:NoCommentShewouldnotconfirmordenythattheMacIntoshlineisincludedinthecompany’scurrentefforts.AmongtheuniversitiesAppleisknowntohavese-lectedforparticipationintheprogramareBrownUni-versity,Providence,R.L;DrexelUniversity,Philadel-phia;theAnnArborcampusoftheUniversityofMichi-gan;Carnegie-MellonUniversity,Pittsburgh;andtheareretailingthesystems,hisuniversityhaspurchasedthelinesforuseinuniversi-tyapplications.“TheequipmentisbeingpurchasedbytheCollegeofEngineering,andstudentsarefreetomakeuseofcom-putersinthe[Apple-based]network,”Schneidersaid.“Wefeelthatthepurchaseofcomputersrequiresarath-erlargeoutlayofmoney,andwhatthecollegehasdone[isinstitute]a$100per-termtuitiondifferentialforstu-dentsthatwillparticipateintheprograms.”BrianHawkins,assistantuniversityvicepresidentanddirectorofthemicro-computerprogram.atDrexel,saidtheuniversityhasagreedtopurchase“inexcessof2,000Applecom-puters”undertheprogram.HesaidDrexelwillbere-quiringfreshmenenteringtheuniversitytopurchasethedevices,forwhichDrexelMajorPushTowardUniversitieswillbecharging$1,000.Hawkinsdeclinedtocom-mentfurtherontheprogramandtermsofDrexel’sagree-mentwithApple,citingthenon-disclosureagreementbetweenDrexelandApple.AnofficialatCarnegie-Mellonacknowledgedthattheuniversitywaspartici-patingintheprogram,butdeclinedfurthercommentonthelinesincludedintheef-fortorthediscountspro-videdbyApple.
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tentionhasarisenbecausetheprogram,whichwasin-stitutedquietlyseveralmonthsago,takesinthelong-awaitedMacIntoshline,whichmanydealershaveyettosee.ThefactthattheMaclIn-toshisincludedintheuni-versity-salesprogramwasalludedtobyseveralcollegeofficialscontactedbyCRNwhosaidtheyhavebeengiv-enaccesstoLisafollow-onproductsthattheywerele-gallyboundnottodiscuss.ItiswidelyknownthatApplehas,inrecentweeks,beenschedulingpreviewsoftheMacIntoshlineforse-lectedaudiencesonthecon-ditionthatviewerssignnon-disclosurepacts.AnApplespokeswomanacknowledgedthattheuni-versity-salesprogramisinSouthBend,Ind.BillShipp,assistantpro-vostatBrown,whichhasagreedtopurchaseupwardsof$2millioninhardwarefromApplethroughthenewprogram,saidhisuniversity'seffortwillincludetheLisaandLisafollow-onproducts.Askedifthefollow-onlinesincludedtheMacIn-tosh,Shippcitedanon-dis-closureagreementhehadsigned,butcharacterizedthatassumptionas“averygoodguess.”HesaidthatBrownstartedsellingtheLisasystemslatelastyearthroughacomputer-retailstoreoperatedbytheUniversityandwillsoonex-panditseffortstoincludead:ditional“unannounced”sys-temslaterthisquarter.AcceleratedDiscountsRobertSchneider,seniordevelopmentofficerattheUniversityofMichigan,alsosaidthathisinstitutionhasbeenpurchasingApplehard-wareundertheaccelerated-discountplanthatApplehasimplementedinthecollege-salesprogram.Hesaid,however,thatun-likeotherinstitutionsthat#961‘6Avenuel‘Aepuoy—san[reIey4aynduioy
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FORECAST:COMPUTERRETAILING1984Retailers,VendorsAreAwaitingTheArrivalOfApple’sMacIntoshByJohnRussellNEWYORK—While1983wastheyearofIBMCorp.’sPC,XTandtheyet-to-beshippedPCjr,thisyearpromisestobe,ornottobe,theyearofthelong-antici-patedAppleComputerInc.MacIntosh.Notsurprisingly,muchofthespeculationconcerningthisindustry’sactivityin1984centersaroundyetan-otherunseenproductthatiscreatingafrenzyalmostequaltothatoflastyear’sattention-grabber:thePCjr.Muchoftheexcitementiscausingadominoeffectthatistouchingjustabouteverymajormanufacturer,vendorandretailervyingforastrongsalesperformancein1984.VendorDecisionsTheimpacttheyet-to-be-introducedproductishavingisstrikingclosetohomeformostofthevendorsthatchoosetobeinvolved.Asanexample,softwarevendorsmustdecidewhethertoin-vestresearch-and-develop-mentdoilarsintowritingprogramsforacomputerthatreportedlywillhaveaproprietaryoperatingsys-tem.Additionally,peripheralsmanufacturershavethetoughdecisonofhowtobestutilizeresearchanddevelop-mentfundstowarddevelop-ingproductsfornewandes-tablishedcomputersystems,whileretailerswillhavetodeterminewhetherAppleComputerInc.’s.MacIntoshwillhavetheabilitytobeatop-seller.Aswell,hardwaremak-erswillhavetocontendwithanotherbig-namemanufacturer’snewcom-petingsystem.PsychologicalSwitchButinlisteningtotheopinionsofmanyindustryanalystswhohavealreadyseenMacIntosh,Apple’snewcomputercouldverywellhavethetechnicalcapabili-tiesneededtomakeamajordentinthisnewyear’smar-ket,itwassaid.Infact,thefeelingisthatApple’sMacIntosh’willhelpdiluteretailerworriesoverthepossibilityofIBMgivinggreaterfreedomtoitsdirectsalesforceastheyearpro-gresses.WithastrongnewproductfromApple,many’analystssaidthatretailersmightmakeapsychologicalswitchfromIBMbacktoAppleinordertoquellfearsbroughtonbyuncertainproductsup-pliesandbaskinthecomfortofknowingthatApplehasanotherpopularproduct,aftermonthsofwhathasbeenperceivedbymanyasdecliningretail-marketim-pact.“Therewillbemoredirectsalesbylargecompanies,”saidEstherDyson,presidentofRosenResearchInc.“Ap-ple,withitsMacIntosh,willrecoversubstantiallyanddealerscouldverywellgofromIBMovertoApple.”Inturn,DysonsaidthatifApple’sMacIntoshdoesprovetobearesoundingsuc-cess,salesofApple’sLisacouldlikely-increaseasachangeintheperceptionofthecompanyisrealized.Ontheotherhand,1984isalmostcertaintobeanothergloriousyearforIBMasthemomentumitgeneratedthroughitsinitialwildlysuccessfulentryintothere-tailmarketwiththePerson-alComputerstandstocon-tinuewiththeimpendingarrivalonretailshelvesofthePCjr.Withdemandforitsprod-uctsfarfromthepeakingpoint,IBMissuretostrengthenitsgrasponthemarketevenfurther,observ-erssaid.Butthepictureforretail-ersconcentratingtheiref-fortsonIBM’slinesmaychangeintheyearahead.Forexample,itisbelievedbymanyanalyststhatre-(Continued‘onPage70)Thenewpacesetterinpro~Theeconomicaldual-speedRadixd5multiithafastandfuriousworkpace,ahighlyflexibleprinteriscruci:ThatprinteristhenewRadix-15.Watchittakeyourworkandrunwithit.It’sdualspeed!At200cpsRadixfiresoutasuperblyrefineddotmatrixprintout.At50cpsitprintsprofessionalnear-letterquality.Sonowyoucangofromspreadsheetstomemosattheflipofaswitchoratyourcomputer'scommand.It’smulti-functional!IneithermodeRadix-15quicklyadaptstoyourneeds.There'sserialandparallelinterface.Memorystoragewitha16Kbuffer.Responsivethroughputtohelpyouusetimemoreefficiently,Bi-directionalperformance.Frictionandtractorfeed.Anautomaticsheetfeederforletterheadsandashortformtear-offforpreprintedforms,Plus,thefreedomtounder-ine,setverticalandhorizontaltabsandprintahugevarietyoftypefaces.It'seconomical!AndnotonlydoesRadixComputerRetailNews—Monday,January9,1984
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ComputerRetailNews—Monday,January9,1984FORECAST:COMPUTERRETAILING1984AnticipatedMovesByApple,IBMToDictateRetailerResponses;(ContinuedfromPage69)tailerswhohadastrong1983pushingIBMPCsandXTstoFortune1000busin-esseswillhaveamorediffi-culttimecompetinginthatenvironmentastheyearun-folds.WhenBigBlueintroducedits3270PClastyear,ana-lystsandindustryobserversnotedthattheproductwasnotgiventotheretailchan-nel,butwastargetedatFor-tune1000companies.Thatmove,itwassaid,in-dicatedthatIBMwasplan-ningonmakingamajorpushintolargebusinessesofitsownandretailers.mightbeforcedtopushPCsandXTsafewtiersbelowthatlevel.IBM’sGoal“Mostdefinitely,oneofthechangesin1984willcen-teraroundthe3270,”saidDavidTerry,ananalystwiththeYankeeGroup.“Retailerswhodidalotoftheirbusinessselling‘tolargecompanieswillhaveamoredifficulttimesellingtothoseaccountsthisyear.“Thein-housefolksatIBMwillbegoingafterlargebusinesses.”Terryaddedthat,“itisevidentthatIBMissellingthroughproductdifferenti-ation.AnIBMsalespersonwillpushthe3270andthuspushtheretailerdownafewstepsfromFortune1000business.”Still,evenifIBMdoesin-tensifyitspushtowardFor-tune1000businesses,Terryaddedthatthereareenoughsmallbusinesseswithoutcomputerstofillthepocketsofthosewhohadbeenrely-ingonlargecorporateac-counts.;“Sure,theglamourmar-ketisFortune1000busin-esses,butthereisalotofmoneytobemadeinauto-matingsmallerbusinesses,”hesaid.“Therearevirtuallymil-lionsthatremainuntouchedand,withmoreaffordablecomputers,thosebusinessesrecognizetheneedforsys-tems,”Terryexplained.If1983markedayearinwhichcomputerpricesbe-camemoreattractivetosmallbusinesses,analystsremainedunsureonjusthowthepricingstructurewilllook12monthsfromnow.OneissuetheydidagreeonwasthatIBMwoulddolittlepricecuttingonitsownsystemssimplybecausede-mandforXTs,PCsandPCjrsissohighthattherewouldbenoneedtodoso.AsidefromIBM,though,competitivemanufacturersCeeenannemightbeforcedtoreducepricesonsystemsinordertocounterdemandforIBMproducts.Theissueofpricing,itwassaid,willbecrucialtothelargenumberofIBM-com-patiblemanufacturerscom-petingforshelfspace.OfallthemajorIBM-com-patiblesonthemarket,manyanalystssaidthatTe-leVideoSystemsInc.,Com-paqComputerCorp.andEa-gleComputerInc.arethreevendorswhocouldhaveasuccessful1984.PriceWarsForexample,DonBrown,ananalystwithShearson/AmericanExpress,saidifpricewarsdohittheindus-trylaterthisyear,TeleVi-deohasthebestchanceatescapingunscathed.“TeleVideohasa50per-centgrossmarginwhileCo-lumbia,EagleandCompaqarearound30percent,”hesaid.“LookingatthosefiguresyoucanseethatTeleVideohas20pointstoplaywith.Thecompanyalsohasprod-uctdiversitythatitcanfallbackonifithadto.”AsforEagle,Brownnotedthatthecompany“hasfi-nancialvisibility”andhasestablisheditspresenceasakeyproducerofIBM-com-patiblesystemsoverthepast12months.‘Absolutely“Fabulous.Phenomenal199e@-MikeWarman,PresidentEXCELDISTRIBUTION,NewYork“TheSmartBuyfor1984?BillSwanson,MarketingManagerVITEK,INC.,CaliforniaThecriticsapplaudfourbrightnewperformersfromTTX!Thereviewsarein!AnditlooksliketheTTXline-uphasfournew,long-runninghits.TurninginoneofthehottestperformancesisthenewTTX-1280PortaprintNowanyhand-heldorportablecomputercangethardcopyorgraphicsanywhere.Thisbattery-operatedportableprinterfeaturesbi-directionalprintingwithupto40cpsanduptoafull132columnprintline.AvailableinRS-232CorCentronicsparallelinterface,thePortaprintcanermalPrinter.yourcomputer.“TWasOverwhelmed!”-MikeToumayan,PresidentINTERBUSINESSDISTRIBUTION,IllinoisARealWinner!”-MikePaul,PresidentANTHEMSYSTEMS,Californiahandleboldprinting,doublesizecharacters,andgraphics—standard.What'smore,thislightweightcompactprinterfitsintoanybriefcasealongsideOur200-sheetcapacitySheetFeedermakesourTTX-1014DaisywheelPrinterabettervaluethanever.Thisaccessoryhandlesmostconven-widthsto12”.tionalpapers—from16#to24#.Andpaper’TheTTXPrintBuffercanbeusedwithmostanyprinter.Itfeaturesupto64Kcapacity,dualinput,dualoutput,anddualpowersource.Lastbutnotleastisaproductthatdeservesaspecialintroduction:Ournew3003SmarterTerminal.Withupto19user-programmablefunctionkeys,adoublescreenmemory,andafasterkeyboard,ithasallthefeaturesofour3000
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THENEWSWEEKLYFORTHECOMPUTERCOMMUNITYCOMPUTERWORLD.|$1.50ACopy;$44/YEARJANUARY23,1984VOL.XVII,NO.4Applecomesoutwith32-bitmicrocomputerByJetlerENWentconebaresCUPERTINO,Calif.—AppleCom-puter,Inc.todayradicallyrestruc-turedthehighendofitspersonalcomputerlinewiththeintroductionofatransportable32-bitmicrothatreportedlycouplesLisa-liketechnol-ogywithawideselectionofpersonalproductivitysoftwarepackages.Apple’slong-awaitedMacintoshMachineservesastheentry-levelmemberofafamilyof32-bitpersonalcomputersthatalsoincludethreere-placementsforthecompany’sexist-ingLisamicro,introducedonlyaboutayearago.AnnouncedalongsidetheMacin-tosh,onedaybeforeApple’sJan.24annualsecurityanalystsmeeting,thethreeLisanewcomersinclude:@Lisa2,whichsupportsamicro-floppydisketteunit,but.noharddiskcapability.©@Lisa2/5,whichcomeswitha5M-byteexternalstoragemodule.@Lisa2/10,whichboastsabuilt-in10M-bytedisksystem.Builtaroundan8MHzMotorola,Inc.68000microprocessor,Macin-toshisreportedlyaimedprimarilyatcomputer-illiterateknowledgework-ersinbusinessoffices,schools,scien-tificsettingsandhomes.Roughly70%oftheproducts,whichApplehopestoproduceandsellinthemil-lions,willfindtheirwayintothe“commercialworld,aspokesmanforApplepredicted.Althoughitwillbedistributedmainlythroughretailers,MacintoshwillalsobesoldheavilythroughAp-ple’snationalaccountexecutivestoFortune500corporations.PeripheralsandsoftwareThedebutofApple’s32-bitmicrolinecoincidedwiththeintroductionofahostofMacintosh-compatibleperipheralsandcommunicationsaids,includinganexternalmicro-floppydiskettesystem,numerickeypadandAppleBus,alocalnetwork-ingfacility.Complementingtheproductfam-ilyisaraftofpreviouslyunavailablesoftwarepackagesforapplicationssuchasbusinessgraphics,wordpro-cessing,spreadsheetcreation,micro-to-mainframecommunicationsandprojectscheduling.AllthreeLisaadditions,aswellastheirMacintoshsistersystem,pro-videthesameuserinterface,runthesamesoftwareandusethesamedatainterchangemedium—anintegrated3%-in.floppydiskette,accordingtoanApplespokesman.ApplecreditstheLisa2machinewithloadingapplicationstwotothreetimesfasterthantheoriginal|Lisa,whichthecompanyhasreport-edlyceasedmanufacturingandsell-ing.Inaddition,thetriocoststhou-sandsofdollarslessthanitsyear-oldpredecessor,whichincorporateda5%-in.disketteunit.LikealltheLisamodels,Macin-toshisconfiguredwithamouse,usesiconsextensivelyinitsuserinter-face,providespull-downmenusanddisplaysmultiplewindowssimulta-neously.Theentry-levelpersonalcomputeralsosupportsa‘‘cut-and-paste”featurethatallowsdatafromonedisplaywindowtobeelectroni-callytransferredtoanother,thespokesmansaid.Single-taskingproductButunlikeLisa,whichcanprocessseveral.applicationsconcurrently,Macintoshisonlyasingle-taskingproduct.Soalthoughitcanmovedataamongdifferentwindowsofthesameapplication,themicroisunabletocutandpasteamongdifferentap-plicationswithoutforcinguserstoswapdiskettes,thespokesmansaid.Macintosh’suserprogramswillcomeprimarilyfromthemorethan100independentvendorswithwhichAppleisnowsaidtobeengagedinsoftwaredevelopment.Headingthe-listofoutsideapplicationsuppliersarecompanieslikeLotusDevelop-mentCorp.,Microsoft,Inc.andSoft-warePublishingCorp.,thespokes-mansaid.:AfewofMacintosh’sapplicationpackages,however,willoriginatedi-rectlyfromAppleitself,whichwillsupplyprogramslikeMacPaint,anextensivegraphicsfacility,andMacWrite,awordprocessingaid.:-ApplewillalsoprovideafamilyofsoftwarepackagesthatwillallowMacintoshtocommunicatewithcen-tralhostprocessors.AppleLine,forexample,willturnthepersonalcom-puterintoanIBM3278look-alike,SeeAPPLEpage10
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JANUARY23,1984COMPUTERWORLDAppleseenbettingthefarmonMacintoshByRobertBattCWWestCoastBureauCUPERTINO,Calif.—AppleCom-puter,Inc.’snewgenerationof32-bitpersonalcomputers,spearheadedbythelong-awaitedMacintosh,isseenbycompanyexecutivesandindustrypunditsalikeasthefirm’smostim-portantproductannouncement:sincetheAppleII.Applehasreportedlyspentmil-lionsofdollarsonproductdevelop-mentandisexpectedtopouranaddi-tional$50millionintoadvertisingtheMacintoshin1984alone,prompt-ingmanyobserverstoviewthenexttwoyearsasmakeorbreaktimeforthecompany’syoung,~ambitiousManagementteam.“Thisisclearlyabet-the-companyproductstrategy,andifitdoesn’twork,bythetimeAppleregroups,itwillhavemissedthewholenextgen-erationofpersonalcomputersandwillbeinserioustrouble,”assertedMikeMurphy,partnerinaSanFran-cisco-basedinvestmentanalysisfirm,VentureCapitalManagement,Inc.Fortheirpart,Appleexecutivesmakenosecretofthecriticalimpor-tancethenewproductshaveforthecompany’slong-termviability.‘Currenttechnotsufficient’Speakingatapressbriefingpriortothisweek’slaunchingoftheMac-_intosh,aforthrightSteveJobs,chair-_manofApple,declared:“OurwholepremisefortheMacin-toshisbasedonthefactthatcurrent.technologyisnotsufficienttoreachthetensofmillionsofpeoplewhoneedpersonalcomputers.Ifthepeo-pleinthisindustrydonotrequireradicaltechnologicalinnovation,thenthiscompanywillnotbehereintwoyears’time.”However,fewifanyindustryob-serversexpecttheMacintoshtobeanythingbutanoutstandingsuccess.“Thisiseasilythebestprice/per-formancemachineevermade.IthinkitwillbecometheAppleIIofthe1980s,andIseeaverylonglifecycleforit,atleastfiveyears,”saidKenLim,personalcomputerindustryan-alystattheSanJose,Calif.-basedmarketresearchfirm,Dataquest,Inc.Microsoft,Inc.,oneofmorethan100independentsoftwarevendorssupportingtheMacintosh,hascom-mittedasizableportionofitsnewproductdevelopmenttothelatestAppleline,andthecompanyexpectshalfofallitsapplicationprogramrevenuesin1984and1985tocomefromsalesofMacintoshapplications.“Tocreateanewstandardtakessomethingthat’snotjustalittlebitdifferent.Ittakessomethingthat’sreallynewandcapturespeople’simaginations.Macintoshmeetsthatstandard,”commentedBillGates,chiefexecutiveofficerforMicrosoft.Apple’sJobsexpressedthehopethatwhathecalledMacintosh’sleap-frogtechnologywillenablethecom-putertomakehugeinroadsintosmallandmedium-sizebusinessesaswellastheFortune500corporations.“SinceIBMisgoingtobetheser-viceleaderinthepersonalcomputerindustry,wewanttobethetechnol-ogyleader,producinglow-costper-sonalcomputers.Ouraimistore-movetheneedformassiveserviceandsupporttotheenduser,”heex-plained.ThisisnottosaythatApple’sstrategyforitsnewproductlineiswithoutdangers.ThemostobviouspotentialpitfallisthatthemachinesarenotIBM-compatible.However,thisdoesnotseemtoworrymostin-dustryanalysts.AtypicalappraisalwasofferedbyGregKelsey,invest-mentanalystattheSanFranciscofirm,Hambrecht&Quist.TherearegoodcostreasonsfornotmakingtheMacintoshanIBM-compatiblemachine.Inaddition,withtheLisamodels[Lisa2,Lisa2/5andLisa2/10]havingthecapabilitytorunbothMacintoshsoftwareandIBMprograms,thereisaprettygoodargumentforsayingthatMacintoshdoesnotneedtobeIBM-compatible,giventhemarketitischasing,”hesaid.AccordingtoLimofDataquest,theabsenceofMS-DOScompatibilityisaPositivevirtue.“Itisfartooearlyinthelifeofthepersonalcomputerin-dustrytostandardizeononeparticu-laroperatingsystem.Inaddition,MS-DOSmachinesarebecomingadimeadozen,somanufacturinganotherPer-sonalComputerlook-alikeisjustasdangerousastrategyasputtingoutanon-MS-DOSdevice,”hesaid.Anotherpossibledangeristhat,asVentureCapitalManagement’sMur-phyputit,“peoplejustplaindon’tliketheMacintosh”withitspull-downmenusandaformfactorthatdoesn’tlooklikeothercomputers.Anotherpotentialpitfall,Murphypointedout,isthatinanattempttosaveupto$50millionayearonin-ventorycosts,AppleisadoptingtheJapanesemethodofdependingontwoweeksofinventory.“Appleisworkingwithsupplierswhohaveneverperformedsuch‘just-in-time-delivery’servicebefore.It’sanewthingfortheU.S.electronicsindus-try,andifitbackfiresitcouldcostApplealotofmoneyandlostor-ders,”heproclaimed.VM...Inc.(703)821-6886@Startwithasoliddesign.@TakethebestsystemspeopleintheVMcommunityBHavethembuilditright:2TrillionLastnightwebackeduptwotrillion(yes,that’charactersofdata,andcheckedourwork.Webringfilesbackalive,thewaytheyshouldbe—readable,usable—whichsome“cut-rate”backupsystemsdon’tdo.Weverifythedatabeforemovingittotape.That’swhy75%oftheFortune100companiestrusttheirvitaldatatoVMBACKUP.Howdowedothis?Andwecreateawinningsituationforourusers.London+Frankfurt*Paris«Stockholm*Milan*TelAviv»RioDeJaneiro+Sydney+Tokyo$12zeroes)@Addcompetent,helpfulsup-portpeople.@Stayclosetoourcustomers.VMBACKUPSoundsGreat!0Callme.GSendmoreinformationI'dalsolikeinformationonyourotherproductschecked3VMACCOUNT:Completeonlinecollec-lori,costi©VMARCHIVE:End-useriniarchive/restoretointermediatediskortape.©VMSECURE:;Completesecurity&directorymanagement0VMTAPE/CMS;Tapemanagementfea-NameCompanyCity,StateCPU&reportingturingdrivemanagement,SLtapesupport,security,andauditfiedaVMLIB:Asourcelibrarycorofferingcompression,COPY/INCLUDEcrossreference,andmanagementofthedevelopmentprocess.aVMSCHEDULE:Acompleteschedulingandmonitoringsystemforend-users|systemTitleAddress=ZipPhone[RRR2070ChainridgeRoad+Suite955+Vienna,Virginia22180+703/821-68861-CW-0184
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COMPUTERWORLDJANUARY23,1984WaferwoesplagueTrilogyCPUdelaysexpectedaePeterBartollkStaffCUPERTINO,Calif.—Trilogy,Ltd.saidlastweekithadexperi-encedproblemswiththemanufac-tureofaprototypewafer-scalesemi-conductordeviceandasaresultwillexperienceaslightdelayinthescheduled1985shipmentofIBM-compatible,large-scale,high-perfor-mancecomputers.Trilogyreleasedabriefpressre-leaselastTuesdayindicatingthatanaddedmetalcoatingtotheprototypewaferproducedunsatisfactoryre-sultsandthatarevisedprocedureisexpectedtoproduceacompletedwa-.ferpriortotheendofMarch.TrilogyVice-President’RussellDrewtoldComputerworldthecom-panyhasidentifiedtheproblemandexpectstocompletetherevisedpro-cess‘‘asearlyasFebruaryoraslateasMarch.”DrewsaidtheoriginalschedulehadplannedforcompletionattheendofthispastDecember.“Ttisnotamonumentalproblembyanystretchoftheimagination.”Thefirmissuedtheannouncementbecauseitmadeapublicstockoffer-inginthelastquarterof1983[CW,Sept.12]and“wantedtoalertevery-one”aboutthedelay,hesaid.Thecompany,foundedin1980by_AmdahlCorp.founderGeneAmdahl,hadoriginallyplannedtoshipitsfirstIBM-compatiblesupercomputersinthethirdquarterof1985,butnowbelievesthoseshipmentswillnotoc-curuntilthefourthquarterof1985.Thenewcomputersarepredictedtoattainaperformancerateof32mil-lioninstructionspersecond.Thenewtechnologypurportedlywillsee‘‘40wafersreplace4,000in-tegratedcircuitchips”[CW,Aug.8].SperryCorp.previouslyinvested$42milliontoobtaina15%interestinTrilogy[CW,June13],andDigitalEquipmentCorp.invested$26mil-lionfora9%interest[CW,Aug.8],withbothcompaniesobtainingtherightstousethenewtechnologyinfutureproducts.ADECspokesmansaidtheprob-lemasexplainedbyTrilogyisnotun-usualinearlystagesofproduction.“Delaysinnewproductdevelopmentaretobeexpectedinthisindustry,”hesaid.ASperryspokesmansaidhiscompanydidnotwishtocommentonTrilogy’sannouncement.Drewsaidtheadditionalmetallayerwouldhavecompletedthewa-fermodule.Thatmodule,hesaid,issaidtoincludetheactualwafercon-figuration,whichpacksthecapacityof100integratedcircuitsontoa24-in.waferandtheactualpackaging,whichenclosesthewaferandcon-tainsthecoolingportionofthemod-ule.APPLEtonpage8whileMacTerminalwillenablethemachinetoemulateteletypewriter-typeterminalsorDigitalEquipmentCorp.VT100sorVT52s,thespokes-mansaid.AtMacintosh’sheartisoneprint-ed-circuitboardthatcontainsalltheproduct’sdigitalelectronics,includ-ingits32-bitmicroprocessor,ran-dom-accessmemory(RAM),speechsynthesiscapability,1Mbit/secseri-alportandmouseinterface.Thesame100-sq-in.boardalsohousesthemachine’sAppleBushardware,whichreportedlyallowsupto16Macintoshes,Lisasorotherdevices—includingfileserversandlaserprinters—tobeinterconnectedinalocalnetwork.WithAppleBus,eachnodeinthe230.4Kbit/secnetworkcanbesituat-edupto1,000ftawayfromanyoth-erhardwaremodule,withaconnec-tioncostof$25perdevice,thespokesmansaid.DigitalprocessingboardInadditiontoitsothercompo-nents,Macintosh’sdigitalprocessingboardincorporates64Kbytesofread-onlymemory,thevehicleforimplementingallthepersonalcom-puter’sLisa-liketechnology.Withitskeyboard,12-in.displayscreenandintegrated400K-bytemi-crofloppydisketteunit,Macintoshweighsabout20lbandoccupieslessthan110sqin.ofdeskspace,thespokesmansaid.Thesystemalsoac-commodatesasecond,optionalmi-crofloppystoragemodulethathasto.beaddedexternally.Thoughcurrentlylimitedto128KbytesofRAM,Macintoshwillbeup-gradedto512Kbytesbeforeyear’send,whenApplereplacesthema-chine’sexisting64K-bitmemorychipswith256K-bitcomponents,thespokesmansaid.ForusersofitsoriginalLisa,Ap-plewillfurnishanupgradekitthatwillallowcustomerstomigratetoanyofthemachine’sthreeadditionalmodels.AnupgradetotheLisa2/10willcost$2,495,whileasimilarswitchtotheLisa2orLisa2/6willbefreeofcharge,thesourcesaid.Equippedwithaminimumof512Kbytesofmainmemoryandexpand-ableto1Mbyte,theLisa2,2/5and2/10cost$3,495,$4,495and$5,495,re-spectively.Macintosh,bycontrast,retailsfor$2,495.LikeApple’sexistingImagewriterlaser.printer,the400K-byteadd-onmicrofloppystorageunitsellsfor$495,comparedwith$129forthenu-merickeypad.Forthefirst100daysafterMacintosh’sintroduction,theMacPaintandMacWritesoftwarepackageswillbeavailableatnocharge.Thereafter,theprogramswillretailfor$195,thespokesmansaid.AllfourmembersofApple’s32-bitpersonalcomputerfamily—aswellasmostoftheirhardwareandsoft-wareaccessories—areavailableforsaleimmediately.Firstcustomershipmentsoftheexternal3}4-in.mi-crofloppymodulewillbeginMarch31fromAppleat20525MarianiAve.,Cupertino,Calif.95014.companywillofferthemostprofessi|WHATTOLOOKFORINON-SITETRAININGWithallthetechnicaltrainingoptionsaroundtoday,itshardtofigureoutwhichial,reliableon-sitetraining.Here'sSys-Ed’schecklistofkeybenefitsthatwillmakeyourtraininginvestmentreallypayoff.ARETHESEBENEFITSINCLUDED?OTHERS®QualifiedtrainingconsultantforneedsanalysisandNOskillsinventory?©Comprehensive,coordinatedcuYESNOVSAM,TSOISPForMVSJCLtrai‘©CompleterangeoftrainingfortheIBMenvironment,]YESNOincludingIDMS,DATACOM,ADABASandFOCUS?©Ongoingtechnicalsupport?YESNOSatisfactionguarantee?YESNO©Additionalchargeforcustomizedtraining?NOYES‘©Thousandsofsolidreferences?YOUBET?eresereneaaashocemeeIfyouaskothertrainingcompaniestheanswerstothesetoughquestions,you'llOURSWITCHESMAKEYOURIBM.SYSTEMSWORKLIKEATEAM!'fyouhavemorethanoneIBMorplugcompatibleprocessor,Digitalcanhelpyougetthemostforyourhardwareinvestment.Ourswitchesallowyoutoachievebackupandperipheralconfiguration'Yyatafractionofthecostyou'reprobablythinking,Whetheryouhavetwoprocessorsormore,Digitalhasaswitchtosuityourrequirements.probablymakethedecisionthousandsofdecision-makerslikeyourselfmade:togetyourtrainingfromTheComputerEducationProfessionalsatSys-Ed.WriteSys-Edorcall212-889-3386formoreinformationabouttherangeofon-sitecourseoptions.Bytheway,wealsoofferpublic,regionalandconsortiumcourses,ceea=8.*Model4101Thelowestpricedmatrixswitchonthemarket.luleofyourpubliccoursesinmyarea87°esuretoletmeknowabouttheSys-EdMulti-CourseDiscountandyour*Model3421.TheonlymanuallyoperatedchannelswitchinSatisfactionGuarantee!theindustry.NariCorey*Model3403AremotecontrolledchannelswitchdesignedforAddressCity/State/Zipunderfloorinstallation.PhoneNumber=TeenSWS-=D.DIGITAL*xCONTROLSThecomputereducationprofessionals.2779OrchardRunRoad©Dayton,Ohio45449U.S.A.©(513)435-54553Dallas214-669-0089NewYork201-585-9416‘*RegisteredTrademarkoiOneParkAvenue,NewYork,NY10016212-889-3386NewYork@Chicago@Dallas@SanFrancisco@LosAngeles
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_AppleApplehasfinallyreleasedthelongawaitedMacintoshComputerataseriesof,meetingsthroughoutthecoun-try.SteveJobsintroducedthenewmachinebeforemembersoftheBostonComputerSocie-tyandlaunchedthecampaigntomakeMacintoshthe“per-sonalproductivitytool”forbusinessandeducation.NowtheMacintoshishereandwecantakeacloselookandseehowitmatchesuptothepre-introductionspecula-tionandhype.Wearepresentedwithacompletecomputersystempackedinanot-too-largecarton.InsideistheMacintoshitself,arathersmallboxwitha10”x10”footprint.Thereisadetachedkeyboardalittlelongerthanthecomputerwithafullsetofsculpturedkeysthathaverealgood“feel”.Norubberchicletkeyshere!Thiskeyboardisaplustostartwithanditiscon-nectedtothecomputerwithacable.Thereisa9-inchCRTinthefaceofMacintoshandunderthatisaslotfora31/2-inchSonydiskette.Thisisthesamedrivesystemthathas|“beenusedbySonyandH-P2”withsuchsuccess.Itusesa“hardpack’diskettethatyoucancarryinyourpocketwithoutdamagingitandthelittle31/2'diskettestores400K.TheyareavailablefrommanysuppliersunlikethediskettesusedontheoriginalLisa.Appleisgoingtoretrofit(replace)theolddrivesonLisaComputersWiththenewSonydrives.eyThiswillmaketheMacin-toshcompatablewithLisa,atleastinonedirection.LisawillrunMacsoftware,butMacin-toshcannotrunLisasoftware.WhiletheMacintoshMousehasasingle-button,ApplesaysitisenoughforthesoftwarethatwillrunontheMac.OntherearpaneltherearetwoRS-232C/RS-422SerialPortstoservebothserialperipheralssuchastheAppleImagewriterPrinter,themodemandAppleBuswhichisashort-haullocalnetworkthatisbuiltintoeveryLisa»andMacintosh.Thiswillhandleupto16nodeswhichmaybeeithercomputersorperipherials,Therearealsodedicatedportsfortheexternaldiskdrive,numerickeypad,andaudiooutput.Noparallelprinterportsareprovided,howeverApplesaysitshouldbesimpleforathirdpartytoprovideaserial-to-parallelcon-verterontheAppleBus.TheyalsoclaimthattheIm-ageWriterPrintereliminatestheneedforadaisywheelprinter.TheCRTisa9-inchmonochromemonitor,thathasaresolutionof512by342pix-elsandabit-mappeddisplay.Thereisnoprovisionforcolor.Inside,theMacintoshisessentiallyasingle-boardcom-puterwithaM68000CPU.WhileApple’sadvertisingclaimsitisa32-bitProcessor,itisnotanymorethanthe8088jsa16-bitprocessor.TheM68000isachipthatisa32-bitinternalbusprocessorandthatisNOTa“32-bitCPU”.ThereISa32-bitver-sionofthefamilycalledM68020,itisNOTintheMacintosh.Anywaythisbitbusinessissomuchsalessizzle.TherearemanyZ80,8-bitcomputersthatcanrunringsaroundeithertheIBMPCortheMacintosh.ThememorycapacityofMacintoshis128KRAMand64KofROM.Whilethissoundslikealiberalcomple-mentofmemory,nothingissaidabouthowmuchRAMisavailabletotheuser.Thereis‘noprovisionformemoryexpansion.TheoptionsprovidedfortheMacintoshbyApple,include.oneexternaldiskdriveof400kcapacity,anumerickeypad,a300/1200baudmodem,theImagewriterprinterandacar-ryingcase.Anotherthoughtfulaccessoryprovidedisasecuri-tykittolockthelittlefellowtothedesktopreventwandering.Thereisalsoanyloncarryingcasesothatthe“knowledgeworker”(ThatiswhatApplecallsaMacuser)cancarryhomethecomputerforalittlehomework.TheMacintoshweighs17-poundswhichislessthansomebriefcasecom-puters,soalthoughitneedstobeconnectedtoawallsocketitisportable.\Weallknowthatitissoft-warethatmakesorbreaksanewcomputerandhereAppleissellingfutures.PeoplewhobuyMacintoshduringthenext100daysafterintroduction(Jan30,1984)willreceiveMacWriteawordprocessingprogramandMacPaintagraphicsprogramwhichgivetheusertheabilitytocreategraphs,chartsandtoillustrateideasthatcan’tbeexpressedinwords.OthersoftwarefromAppleincludes:MacTerminalwhithisacommunicationspackagesup-portingVT100,VT52,andTTYprotocols.ItworkswiththeApplemodem,orwiththeAppleLineCoaxadapterunittoprovideIBM3270TerminalEmulation.MacProject,thisisapro-gramthatletstheuserprepareandmaintainprojectschedules,includingtime-incrementschedules.MacDrawthisisanadvanc-edgraphicsprogramwithtexthandlingcapabilities.Itwillbeavailableinthethirdquarterof1984.ItshouldbenotedthatwhenMacintoshisfirstsold,therewillbe‘nolanguageavailableforit.MacintoshPascalwillbeavailableinthesecondquarterof1984withMacintoshAssembler/Debugger.TheMacintoshBASICwillnotbealonguntilthethirdquarterof1984.AppledoesnotseelackofahighlevellanguageduringtheinitalstagesofMacintoshin-troductionasadrawback.Thereareover100softwaredevelopersnowworkingonMacintoshapplications.Thelistreadslikea“Who’sWho”ofcomputérsoftwareandmanyoftheapplicationslikeMicrosoft’sMultiplainareavailablenow.OtherssuchaLotus1,2,3willbeavailableshortly.InadditionApplepro-misessupportforanysoftwarevendorwishingtodevelopMacintoshprograms.Thisisatwo-edgedswordbecausethedevelopmentmachinemustbeaLisaandthatwillcertainlyhelpLisasales.WhohasAppletargetedMacintoshfor?Welltherearesupposedtobe25-millionofthese“KnowledgeWorkers”inCOMPUTERSHOPPER,MARCH1984PicksTheMacintoshForTheFuturetheUSaloneandtheyarethesupposedmarketforMacin-tosh.Inaddition,24univer-sitieshavecommittedtobuy(ormaketheirstudentsbuy).Mac’swillbepurchasedinlargequantitiesbybusinessfirmsanditisApple’sdreamthattheywillbecomeasubi-quitousastelephonesonthedesk.TheMacintoshworkswiththesameconceptastheLisa.Itconsidersdataasitemsonadeskanditrepresentsthemaspicturescalledicons.Thesearefamiliarofficeobjectssuchasfilefolders,trashcans,stacksofpaper,filecabinets.Theseiconsaredisplayedonthecom-puterscreenandcanrepresenttaskssuchaswriting,movingdocuments,storingdocumentsorthrowingdocumentsaway.TheuserguidestheMouseonthesurfaceofthedeskandthecursorfollowsontheCRTscreen.TheuserthenpointstoafunctioniconandselectsitbypressingabuttonontheMouse.ThereisanapplicationcalledtheFinderwhichallowsuserstoorganizetheirdata,documentsandtasks.Togainaecesstoadocumenttheuserneedonlyselecttheap-propriateiconandopenthedocument.Whenasdocumentissaveditrevertsbacktoaniconandisstoredinitsoriginallocation.Therearealsoap-plicationssuchasacalendar,acalculatorandanotepadtheserunconcurrentlywithanyotherapplicationpro-gram.Thedesktopapplica-tionsareopenendedsothatAppleorathirdpartyvendormayaddtotheminthefuture.AppleComputer’sMacintoshisshownherewithmouseanddetachablekeyboard.iDticular|.OnceaiGahreaeTateresacreperscrelPage5Eachsoftwareapplicationhasamenubarappearingatthetopofthescreen.Thisinformstheuserofthevariousopera-tions,ortoolsavailableforthatoptionsforperformingspecifictasksappearthroughapull-downmenu.Forexample,beforeprinting,ausercanchangesuchthingsastypestyle~andsize,marginwidths,linespacing,justificationete.MacintoshlikeLisa“doeswindows”,displayscreenswithinthelargerscreencanappearonthedesktoptodisplayinformation.Usingseveralofthesewindows,ausercanviewthecontentsofseveralfilesatthesametime.Theinformationinthewin-dowcanbeadocument,aner-rormessage,orarequestformoreinformation.Whenseveralfilefoldersarestackedontopofeachothertocon-servespacethewindowsoverlap.Thoseinfrontpartial-lycoverthosebehind.Thesizesofthewindowscanbechang-edandwindowscanbesplittoshowdifferentpartsofonedocument.Informationfromonewindowcanbemovedto-another.This“cutandpaste”featureisusefulforpreparingreportsthatrequirebothtextandgraphicsandwhichismadefrominforma-tioninotherreports.CONCLUSIONS:UsingsuchamachineasMacintoshisdifferentfromus-inganyothertypeofcom-puter,butittakesverylittleContinuedonPage6
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Page6’MacintoshForTheFutureContinuedfromPage5timetogetusedtoit.Thepriceforallthesewondersis$2,500andifyoubuytheprinterwiththecomputeryougetitfor$495.Notabadpriceforsuchasystem.ItishoweveralothigherthanthePCjrandthecompetitionforthose25million“knowledgeworkers”isgoingtobefierceforthenextfewyears!SinceMacintoshisrelatedtonootheroperatingsystemexceptLisaitmustbuilditsownlibraryofsoft-wareanditsowngroupoffans.AppleIIusersarenotgo-ingtotheMacintosh.Idoubtiftheyaregoingtogiveupthemostversatilecomputereverbuiltforaclosedsystem.Timewilltell,anditisonApple’ssidebecauseofallthosestudentswhowilllearntouseitinschool.ComingnextmonthcompleteMacintoshSoftwareRoundup.COMPUTERSHOPPER,MARCH1984MacintoshAtAGlancePRICE$2,495WITHONEDRIVE,MOUSE,SOFTWAREPACKAGE(FIRST100DAYS).IMAGEWRITERPRINTER....$595($495withMacintosh)MODEM300Baud.........$225MODEM1200EXTERNALDRIVE.........$49531/2-inchDISKETTES(10)$49NUMERIC15highWEIGHT:17LBS.CPU-M68000,RAM128K,ROM64K1/O:2RS-232C/RS-422SERIALPORTSPortsFor:ExternalDisk,NumericKeypad,AudioOutput,MouseControl.@‘upyourpeopleinmarveting,Iwantedto.keZapata!thehottestsellingall-sportshoe‘ipourline‘Youcanreadtheattached143-pagereportatyourleisure,butthisreallygivesyoueverythingyouneedtoknow.,MemostakeonanewlookwithAppleComputer'sMacin-toshsoftware.Nowalongillustrateitwithgraphics.ithtypingyourmemo,youcanTheMacintoshLogoUsingYourComputerToControlTheRealWorldbyRichFieldsWhenpersonalcomputerswerefirstmarketedforuseinthehome,theyweretoutedasbeingabletocontrolanythinginthehome.Theycould,theadssaid“actasasecuritydevice,checktheoperationofyourheatingsystemoraircon-ditioner,openyourgaragedoor,overseetheconditionofyourswimmingpool,orgreenhouse.”Thenpeopleboughtper-sonalcomputersandfoundthattodoallthesethings,theyhadtobuyalotofperipheralequipmentthatwasexpensive,andhardtoget.However,thatwasnotthemainreasonthatpersonalcomputershaveneverbecomehouseholdutilities.Themostimportantconsidera-tionwasthatpersonalcom-putersweretooexpensive.Itdoesnotmakesensetobuya”computersystemfor$3,000andthentotieitupwiththejobofturningonlights,orbe-ingaburglaralarm.YoucangetaBSRControlSystemforlessthan$100thatwillturnonlightsandappliances.Youcanalsogetaverygoodburglar“alarmsystemforafewhun-dreddollars.Forthisreasontheapplica-tionofpersonalcomputersforhomecontrolhassufferedfromneglect.However,thisisnowchangingbecausetherearenowveryeffectivecomputersthatyoucanbuyforlessthanonehundreddollarsandyoucanaffordtousethemcontrolapplications.Inthisissue,wearefeatur-inganarticlebyBillDoddwhichdescribeshowtouseaVIC-20asaSmartBurglarAlarm.Theinterestingthingaboutthisarticle,isthatitisdesignedtomakeyouthink.Youdon’thavetouseitforburglars.ItwillworkaswellinanyalarmconditionwhichInterfaceboardand/orcable,completeForAppletl/Fran!WithGrafStar(GrapplerForCommodore64WithConnectioninterface(Tymac,ForIBMPC/Kaypro/OsborneWithLinkcable(that’sallyouneed,Printersandinterfacesareourspecialty.Thefollowingplug-inandready-to-printindcompletedinterfacetoworkwithyourcomputer:t;$399)orOkidataMicroline-92($599)3)Paper,500/Box,20#,smoothedge($15)WithGrappler+(Greatforscreendump)($189)t:$119)causesaswitchclosure.Itcouldbeanswitchclosedbyhighwaterinasump,orathermostat,ANYSwitchcansetoffthealarm.Almosteveryelectricaldeviceweuseiscontrolledbysomekindofaswitchclosure.Someoftheseareopenedandclosedmanuallywhileothersareactivatedbyacontactonanelectricalrelay.Therelayitselfmaybeactivatedbysomekindofasensor,orbyanelec-tricalsignal.Allofthemoperateformsignalsthatvarybetweentwoextremelevels(off/on,open/close).Someofthedevicesusevaryingvoltagelevelswhileothersusevaryingcurrent.Theseareknowncol-lectivelyasanalogsignals.Examplesofanalogsignalsarethoserepresentingtemperature,thataregeneratedbythermocouples,orthermistors,pressurefromtransductors,lightfromphotoelectricaldevices.Computershowevergeneratedigitalsignalswhichare“ones”,or“zeros”.Thesearesquarewavepulsesataconstantvoltagelevel.Inordertoenablethecom-putertocontolanalogdevices,ortoreceiveinputfromthem,weuseafamilyofdevicescall-edDigital-to-Analog,orAnalog-to-DigitalConverters(D-to-A,A-to-Dforshort),TheD-to-AalsocalledDACsreceiveadigitalcodeattheoutputportofacomputerandgenerateavaryingvoltagelevelaccordingtothenumericalvalueofthedigitalcode.Aprogramiswrittenwhichoutputsthepropercodeatthedesiredtime,totheout-putportwheretheDACisconnected.Whenusingacom-putertomonitoranelectricalcircuit,anA-to-Ddeviceisus-edtoconvertthevaryingelec-tricalsignalfromthedevicein-toadigitalsignal.AprogramALPHASCIENTIFIC$99)$349tra$579$369$539$49)...$319$489FreeshippingwithinUScontinentfororderover$300.PrinterpackageCODadds$8.MasterorVisaadds3%.Otheradd$2.Missoutresidentadds5.625%tax.Giveaddress,telephonenumber,creditcardnumberandyour.computersystem.Callforquantitydiscountand-otherprinterpackages.Besttime-tocallus(Central):Weekdays4PM—9PM.SaturdaysTOAM—5PMisthenrunwhichlooksattheportandinterpertsthedigitalcodeinsomeway.Thismaysoundsomewhatcomplicated,anditisbeyondthescopeofthisarticletogointoitanydeeper.Wecanhoweverrecommendseveralbookstothosewhowishtolearnmore.The.HandbookofMicrocomputerInterfacingbySteveLeibson,publishedbyTABBooksisexcellent.AlsoTRS-80ModelsI,HII,andColorComputerInterfacingProjectsbyWilliamBardenJr;publishedbyHowardW.Samsisanotherwonderfulbookonthesubjectevenifyoudonothaveoneofthosecomputers,ThereareDtoA/AtoDboardsandadaptersforalmosteverykindofcomputer,manyofthemareadvertisedinthismagazine.However,manyusersdonotwanttogotoallthattroubletousetheircom-putersascontroldevices.Nottoworry,thereisamuchsimplerwaytodoit!MostcomputershaveacassetteinterfacewithaREMOTEporttocontrolthecassetteplayer.Thisisnothingmorethanavoltageleveldesignedtooperatearelay.YoucanuseittoenergizetherelaycoilofANYrelaywithinit’svoltagelevel.TheredoesnotHAVEtobearecorderontheendoftheline.Useyourimagination!Theprinterportcanalso,beusedtosendasignaltoactivatearelaycoilandto-closeaswitch.TheGameControllerportcanalsodetectaswitchclosureforanything.Thatiswhatisdesignedtodo!AllofthesecontrolsignalscanbegeneratedbyBASICprograms.TheoneinBillDoddsarticleisanexcellentexample.TryYOURhandatcontrollingtherealworld.Itismorefunthansomeofthegamesyouplay!e*KoalaPadwithSoftwareForIBMPC........ForAtari&Commodore..ForApple+.Best(AppliedEngr.)*CPIMcardwithCP/M+Ver3..board64KExpansion(ALS)..$289*MaxellDisks,5"SS/ODMD1-D$25*HeadCleaningPac(Head).....$19*VerbatimcleaningkitSB*Vinylpages(hold20disks).....$6*RibbonforGemini10/15...$3
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NewLisaComputerModelsExxpand(ompuseFamilyOfApple32SupermicrosaesAppleComputertodayunveileditsLisa2series--higherperformanceversionofitspioneeringLisacomputer.Ranginginpricefrom$3,495to$5,495,theexpandedLisa2computersgiveusersmoreflex-ibilityinbothmemory:andmassstorage.TogetherwiththenewMacintosh,theLisa2seriescompletesthefamilyofApple32SuperMicroadvanc-edcomputersandisavailabletodayatAppledealershipsacrossthecountry.TheLisa2seriescomprisesthreemodels:Lisa2,Lisa2/5andLisa2/10.Lisa2has512kilobytesofinternalmemory-anda31/2-inchmicrodiskdriveformassstorage.TheLisa2/5and2/10sharethesefeatures,butofferadditionalmassstorage:The2/5and2/10sharethesefeatures,butofferadditionalmassstorage:The2/5hasanexternal5-megabyteharddisk,andthe2/10hasabuilt-in10-megabyteharddisk.EachcomputerintheLisaseriescanrunMacintoshprograms.WhenexpandedtoafullmegabyteofRAM,the~2/5and2/10canrunthecom-pleteLisaOfficeSystemwithitsintegratedsoftware..ForownersoftheoriginalLisa,Appleisofferingtwoupgradeoptions.AusercanupgradehiscomputerstoaLisa2/5freeofchargeuntilJune1,1984(afterwhichtheupgradewillcost$595),orheServiceDirectoryCcliedlistingofservices,publica-tions,consultantsandbusinessop-fen-lonnotavailable.Stan-sifiedratesandpoliciesBUSINESSOPPORTUNITIESYOUROWNHomeComputerjusiness.Eas!time.101e)canhavefunwhileyoumakemoney.Report$4.50.AssociatedResearch,Box22485A,Housto:Texas77227.9.PARTTIMEBusinessOpportingribbons.Send$2fDealerKit.to:Rib1611ParkAve.S,§5404.612-370-0135.COMPUTERSHOPPER,MARCH1984Page11canupgradehisoriginalLisato_ofanexpandedfamilyofpro-putersareequippedwiththeaLisa2/10for$2,495.’ductsincorporatingLisasamehighlyreliable,compactTechnology,a32-bitm31/2-inchmicrodiskdriveus-800+54.435TheLisa2Seriesprocessor,high-resolution.edbyMacintosh,insteadofthe,4graphcisanda“MOUSE”two51/4-inchdrivesusedby;Apple’sLisa2seriesandthepointingdevice.‘newMacintoshformthebasisAllofthenewLisa2com-ContinuedonPage12COMPUTER£ACCEESSORIESkakaaehaeKakaaakTECTYOURCOMPUTERANDOTHERSENSITIVEEQUIPMENTDAMAGINGAaateVOLTAGESPIKESANDINTERFERENCE.SPIKESCANCAUSE“UNEXPLAINED”COMPONENTPAILUREINIDSTATEEQUIPMENTPLUSGLITCHESINSOFTWARE.*&&*&&&GOOD*&we&&BETTER&OkOkOkOkOwOABESTkKOkOekeVOLTAGESPIKEPROTECTORISOBAR®PROTECTSYOUR:LebaneseVOLTAGE‘SPIKEPROTECTOR‘MUSTFOR¢TER,PERIPHERALS,AUDIOANDVIDEOEQUIPMENT.©Wallplug-inunitgroundoutletsPROTECTSAGAINST6"©EQUIPMENTINTERACTION"groundoutlets©On/offswitchwithpilotlight©DAMAGEFROMVOLTAGESPIKESPilotlightconstantlyon—©6ft,cordwiththree-prong‘¢ERRORSCAUSEDBYLINENOISEshutsoffwhenoverloadtogroundingplug©RFI.INFERFERENCEpielashindicatefitternotoperating|!»Push-to-resetcircuitbreakerone’souteressteacVoltagelevelinternaloverloadprotectiontectsagainstpowerGibthots©AbsorbsspikesiseeterIBAR26Peweioe‘easez©Rated15A125Vcole=rit$16$29Wwaneis|6[15AMPeiry4$118838-88ALLRATED15AMPSAT115VOLTSAC.RETAIL$19.95RETAIL$29.99RETAIL$49.95|!PLEASEADD$1.50EACHFORSHIPPINGANDHANDLINGFINALLY!ASTATE-OF-THE-ARTDISKETTEFILECABINET/SYSTEMPLY©TOPOFTHELINE¢SPECIALCAMMINGACTIONAUTOMATICALLYBRINGSTHEFRONTPANELFORWARDASLIDISOPENED.@BUILT-INPLASTICDIVIDERTABS.@WHENCLOSED,MECHANISM.Automat‘SupplDURINGPOWERFAILUREMODELSFROM200TO4000WATTSFORITCOMPUTERS,CASHReeceereARRANGESTHEDISKSINAFLAT,HORIZONTALBEDTOAVOIDWARPINGANDPROLONGLIFESWITCHINGTIME10MILLISECONDS.4AUTOMATICLOADSWITCHING@LOCKANDKEYASSEMBLYMADEOFHIGHLYDURABLEPLASTIC.©AUTOMATICBATTERYCHARGE©SLEEKDESIGNFEATURESSPECIALOPAQUEANDSMOKEDPLASTIC.*200WATTUNIT@60HZ$199.00EA.¢HOLDS5%”FLOPPYDISKSIN25AND50DISKCAPACITY@60HZ$269.00EA.FLIP‘N’FILE25(25DISKETTECAPACITY)$24.00TTUNIT@HZ00EA.OviPROUTUNIOLBCic2568.FLIP‘N’FILE50(50DISKETTECAPACITY)$29.00REACHFORSHIPPMallenPLEASEADD$1.50EACHFORSHIPPINGANDHANDLINGSoopersae5.25"SOO,SOFTSEC¥DISKETTTTES$15:952BOXOF10*§.25"8300,SOFTSECTOR$10.96/50X10ESKEI(SK)MANUFACTURED-EACHDISKETTECERTIFIEDERRORFREE©TWOBOX:MINIMUM-ADOSt50/BOXSHIPPINGANDHANDLINGSHEPHERDMARKETING(312)490-9239vit«P.O,BOX941339=SCHAUMBURG,ILLINOIS60194DEALERINQUIRIESWELCOME-ILRES.ADD7%SALESTAX
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COMPUTERSHOPPER,PERSONAL®@CODECAIComputerAidedInstr.GRAGraphicsHOMHomeEconomicsPERPersonal+RecreationPROGRAMMING@CODE.-..ASMAssemblerBAS’BASICLanguageCOBCobolLanguageCST—CassetteProgramDBM‘DataBaseManagerEDTEditor,FORFORTRANLanguageFTHForthLanguageLNGOtherLanguagesO/SOperatingSystemPASPascalLanguageRPTReportWriterMARCH1984AbbreviationsSoundProg./DeviceTelecommunimsUTILITY/OTHEREXTENSIVECATALOGOTHERPROGRAMSANDSOFTWARECUSCUSTOMIZEDS/WAREBUSINESSandSOUTELUTLCATOTHAccountsPayableAccountsReceivableGeneralBus./OtherCashRegisterGeneralLedgerInventoryJobCostingMlingListOsborne/McGraw-HillBusinessPkg.PKGPAYTAXwiPIndextoSoftwareCategoriesCompletePackagePayrollTaxPackagesWordProcessingINDUSTRIAL@CODEBWLCPADENENGFININSLAWMEDPTRREASALSTA\SXCBowlingLeagueSec.Cert.PublicAccountingDentalEngineeringFinancialInsuranceProf.TimeReporterRealEstateSalesAnalysisStatisticsStockExchange“intoeveryApple32.Super-/NewLisaContinuedfromPage11theearlierLisa.Softwareonthehigh-speed31/2-inchmierédisksisprotectedbyaplasticcasesmallenough:tocarryinashirtpocket.LiketheearlierLisa,thecomputersintheLisa2seriesareexceptionallyeasytouseandaredesignedforabroadrangeofgeneralbusinesstasksaswellasspecializedapplitionsinsuchfieldsasengineer-ingandarchitecture.Inaddition,Appleis‘developingtheAppleBuspoint-to-pointinterconnectsystemforitscomputers,whichwillallowLisa2com-puterstocommunicatewitheachother,peripheraldevicesandotherApplecomputerslinkedtogether.ThehardwareinterfaceforAppleBusisbuiltHARDWAREAtarinlsCommodore/PETolsScientificHeath-ZenittrsRadioShackTRS-80Hewlett-PackardtliTexasInstrumentsIntertecvecMITS/AltairothMainframesoecomheahipAlphaMicrointApplemitNorthstarMicrosaltAltosalmappLISTINGSATRONINTERNATIONALpresentsAIRSTRIKEbyP.Nafziger,asimula-tioniwargameforTRSIonly$29.95.FreesoftwarecatalogsComputerShopperisconstantlyupgradingtobetterserveyou,thereader.Ifyouhaveandsuggestionsorrecommendationspleasedropusaline,wereallydolisten.Ourintroductoryofferwillgiveéachvendoroneinch-ofspace(8lines)forSixconsecutivemonths—foraonetimechargeofonly$35.00!Tobefair,wemuitspaceinthedirectorytoonelistingpervendor.COM-64SOFTWARELinerenumbering.Hereistheutli-itythatCommodoreforgotRenumbersallbasicprogramsin-cludinggoto’s,gosub’sandon-|goto’s.Listsallerroneouslinecalls.Workswithtapeordisksystem.Cassetteanddocumentationonly$7.N.Foley,Box88,Umatilla,FL132784,2-54-specifyapl,ata,comortrs.AtronInt.,P.O.Box8825,FortCollins,CO’80525.10-6132SupermicroSystem.FunctionKeysProgrammedByPromwareModules'®Fullwordprocessinglayout(insert,delete,find,replace,backspace,tab,cleartabkeys)Easyplug-inPromModulesreconfigurethekeyboardandprovideupto48specialfunctioncommandsformostpopularsoftwarepackages®Configureyourownfunctionkeyswhenwritingyourownsoftware=21-keynumerickeypadFullcursorcontrolwithmanysoftwarepackagesCap-Lock,workingShiftkey,Auto-RepeatFullASCilcharacters,paralleloutputDetachablewithcurlycordEasyinstallationtokeyboardsocketonmotherboard;doesnotuseI/Oslot@AlsocompatiblewithAPPLElleandFRANKLINS.PROMWAREModulesavailableforBASIC&DOS,WORDSTAR®,VISICALC®.APPLEWRITERI1"™DBASE1I™andmanyothers.ComplicatedCommandsinaSingleStroke!!ExecutivePeripheralSystems,Inc.800SanAntonioRd.,PaloAlto,CA94303(415)856-2822APPLEIlisaregisteredtrademarkofAppleComputer,IncVISICALCisaregisteredtrademarkofPersonalSoftwareinc.APPLEWRITERferedtrademarkofAppleComputer,Inc.WORDSTARisaregisteredtrademarkofMicroProInternationalDBASEIlisaregisteredtrademarkofAshton-Tate.AppleComputer'snewLisa2(left)andMacintosharepartofanexpandedfamilyofcompatibleproductstheAppleMicrocomputer.PriceandAvailabilityTheLisa2seriescomputersareavailablenow.Suggestedretailpricesareasfollows:Lisa2:$3,495Lisa2/5:$4,495Lisa2/10:$5,495.5megabyteadd-onmemory:$1,495LisaList:$195LisaTerminal:$295LisaWrite:$295LisaCale:$295LisaGraph:$295LisaOfficeSystemDiskette:$295UisaDraw:$395YLisaProject:$3951:Lisa2/5upgrade:$595(freeuntilJune1)Lisa2/10upgrade:$2,495@FREE?DISKETTESSAVEMONEY!AppleIl+/euserscanusedisketteflipside,ifanother‘enable’notchissafelymade.TheDISK-NOTCHERbyQUORUMquicklySOLVESthatPROBLEM.It'slikeFREEDISKETTES!©StainlessSteelGuide©EasyLeverageHandlepingsCatcher©SquareNotchCut®BlackFinishHetheJop-Motch.Notchen!Certifix"BESAFE!Your‘FREE’diskisCERTIFIED100%ERRORFREEwithCERTIFIXbyQUORUM.ItLOCKSOUT”DISKFLAWSandletsyouusetherest.Displaysstatusreport&savesittodisk.Next,CERTIFIXautomaticallyformatsthenofferstoinitializewithgenuineAppleDOS3.3too.Greatfortestingeconomydisks.CERTIFY,FIX,&INITIALIZEeverydiskwithCERTIAX100%MoneyBackSetufedionGusranee!DISKNOTCHERis$14.95CERTIFIX”Add$1.50s/h@CAadd6%%tax}
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THEWORLD'SLARGESTCOMPUTERMAILORDERFIRMCONROY-LAPOINT=keFormerlyComputerExchangeSeeAdvertiWordStarProfessionalPack................EasyWriterILSystem:.2-3ae.plusmuchmorefrommicrostorehouseoesFLOPPYDRIVES!BESTPRICEINUSA@EXERCISER$299SoeAdvertiser'sIndex600)FLOPPYSSeeAdvertiser'sindexof
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COMPUTERSHOPPER,APRIL1984SAMEDAYSHIPPINGON—PRICEGUABUYFROMTHEPRICE,PERFORMANCEANDSERVICELEADERALLITEMSINSTOCKRANTEE—WewillbeatanynationallyadvertisedpriceonStarMicronicsandSmithCoronaprinters.BuypriceadvertisednationGEMINI-10X7yourprinterNOWfromMidwestMicro-Peripheralsandifyoufindabetterallywithin21days,we'llrefundyouthedifference.Stair78BUY2AT$268EACHBUY3ORMORE—CALLRICKComparetheseGeminifeatures:¢Epsoncompatiblecodesforprintstyles.NOW{420CPSMICTONICS-INenow$299THEPOWERBEHINDTHEPRINTEDWor”D.|ONY0SRTorPowerTypeBYSTARBIDIRECTIONALyewsLOGICSEEKING$389usesROPINCASSETTESBUY2AT$379EACHQUIETOPERATIONverg4oqPARALLEL&SERIAL1/F4amneemaa»©120CPS,bi-directional,logicseeking¢816characterprintbuffer,option4KBor8KB*6charactersizes:10,12,17,5,6,8.5CPI¢9x9dotmatrixwithtruelowercasedescenders¢Reliability—180dayfactorywarranty—100%continuousdutyBUY2AT$449EABUY3ORMORE-CALLRICK———uFEATURES:faLI6100LINEARMOTORDRIVEBESTPRICEINTHEUSATAGESSAGRIIEFER$459si-viRECTIONALLOGICSEEKING—morethan5millionlinesaveragebetweenservicing°Service—MidwestMicro-Peripheralsornationwideserviceisreadilyavailable©BitandblockgraphicsCskisywriter’2000*99°SPECIAL:SHEETFEEDERATONLY$326(withpurchaseofprinter)*Tractor.frictionandrollfeedincludedatnoaddedcostALLTHEFEATURESOFTHEGEMINI10XPLUS15”ADJUSTABLECARRIAGEBOTTOMPAPERFEED.$398BUY2AT$388EACHBUY3ORMORE-CALLRICKSTARMICRONICSGEMINI15XLIST$549FX-80$499@BUILTINFRICTIONANDTRACTORFEED@EPSONRELIABILITYANDQUALITYowBeso"@160CPS@GRAFTRAXPLUS©2KPRINTBUFFERSPECIAL:ADJUSTABLEFX-80TRACTORFEEDONLY$29.00FREE!GEMINI-10XBUYATRS-80MODELIVCOMPUTERWITH2DISKDRIVES,64KRAM,FULLYTESTED—100%RADIOSHACKEQUIPMENT90DAYWARRANTYONCOMPUTERTRS-80ModelIVANDGETAFACTORY-FRESHGEMINI10XPRINTERFREE!aron769THISCOMPLETESYSTEMINCLUDESCOMPUTER,PRINTERANDCABLE.PLUGINANDGO!CABLES&INTERFACES.FORTHESEANDOTHERPOPULARCOMPUTERSSTARTINGATJUST$29.00©IBM@ATARI@KAYPRO@OSBORNE@APPLEe@1199@VIC20&C64@COLUMBIA@TRS-801,2,3,4,ANDCOLOR@COMPAQGRAFSTARINTERFACEFORAPPLECOMPUTERSNOWONLY$64.00OTHERVALUES:ELEPHANTDISKETTES#1’sFLIP'NFILESURGEPROTECTORS,4-PLUBWOODGARAINFINISH(List$39.99)$34.00DISKDRIVESFORIBM,APPLE,TRS-80$21.00QlMICROFAZER64KIN-LINEBUFFERCALL$199=aMasterCard}|ae|j(ADD3%)CALLTOLLFREEFORINFINOHIO,CALL-(51(800)423-8215ORMATIONORORDERMONDAY—SATURDAY9AM—6PMESTCALLFORQUANTITYPRICING3)663-5488ANDDEALERINFORMATION
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AppleComputerCompanyhasarrangedforthebroadestrangeofthirdpartysupportforthenewMacintoshcomputer.InthelastissuewedescribedthecomputerandthesoftwarethatApplehasdevelopedforitsuse.HerewelistsomeofthethirdpartysoftwareandperipheralsbeingdevelopedfortheMacintoshComputer.TheTechmarPeripheralEx-pansionUnitprovides4addi-tionalRS-232serialportsfortheconnectionofserialperipheraldevices.This:unithasitsownpowersupplyandMacintoshcompatiblecabinet.ItplugsintotheMacintosh,Applebus(tm).TechmaralsohasproducedaTelephone/ModemInterfaceforMacin-tosh.Itcanbeusedasastan-dardtelephoneandmodemin-terface.Itconnectstothecom-|puterthroughanRS-232serial|portandtransmitsbothvoiceanddigitaldata.‘TheTechmarSMbyteCar-tridgeWinchesterextendsthemassdatastorageoftheMacintoshbyadding5MbyteremovableWinchestercar-tridges.TheTechmarunitusestheSyquestdriveunitsandcombinesthelargestorageoftheWinchesterdrivewiththeconvenienceofremovablemedia.TheTechmarPrinterBufferisanothermemberoftheMacin-toshperipheralfamily.ItplugsintotheMacintoshprinterportbetweenthecomputerandtheprinterandprovidesprintbuf-feringfrom64Kto512Kofallprinteroutput.ItoperatesessentiallytransparenttotheMacintoshcomputer.Anothercompanyprovidingcommunications.fortheMacintoshisARTSCIwhoismakingtheMagicTelephone.ThisperipheralworkswiththedatabaseprogramMagicFiletoprovidealistofnumbersforautomaticdialing.Ithangsonthesideofthecomputerfortheuser'sconvenienceandfeatures.a“hold”buttonandspeakout-put.TheMagicPhonewillalsosupportmultipletelephonelines.BillGates,chairmanofMicrosoftCorporation,believes,“TheAppleMacin-tosh,togetherwithMicrosoftoftware,representsamajorCOMPUTERSHOPPER,APRIL1984ForMacintoshchangeinhowpeoplearego-ingtoviewandinteractwithcomputerprograms.TheMacintoshisablendofApple'sknowledgeofwhatpersonalcomputingshouldbe,whatthesemiconductorindustryhasmadepossible,andMicrosoft'sabilitytocreatesoftwarethatenablesuserstogetthemostoutofthecomputer.MicrosofthasworkedwithAppletoen-surethatbothMicrosoftpro-gramsandtheMacintoshitselfareabletomeettheneedsofusers.”MacintoshEnvironmentAddsFunctionalityToProductivityToolsMacintosh’suniqueinterfacetogether’withtheMicrosoftprograms,providesapowerfulandfunctionalenvironmentforincreasingauser'sproduc-tivity.Theveryhighresolutiongraphicsscreenenablesgraphicstobeapplieduniver-sallytoallmodes,whethertheybechartsandgraphsasinMicrosoftChart,columnsoffiguresinMultiplan,orwords,sentences,andparagraphsinMicrosoftWord.Thus,userscanreadilycombinetextwithgraphicswithouttheusualin-termixingproblems.MicrosoftMultiplanontheMacintoshprovidesallthefeaturesofotherversionsofMultiplan,withadditionalenhancements.An“Undo”commandallowsreversalofthelastchangetothespread-sheet.RecalculationisfasterontheMacintosh,and“smarter”--recalculationwillpausesotheuserexperiencesnodelaywhileworking.Enhancementstoprintingreportsincludeheadersandfooters,andautomaticpagenumbering.Inaddition,Multiplan.com-pletelyincorporatesallthefeaturesoftheMacintoshinter-face-suchas“pull-down”800-544-4354magnump44ERmenusandtheuseoftheMacintoshmouse.Theusercancutandpastebetweenspreadsheets,andtoMicrosoftChartforpresentationqualitybusinessgraphics.MultiplaniscompatiblewithMicrosoft'sSYLKformat,whichmeansthatitisveryeasytotransferspreadsheetsordatafromMultiplanonothermachinestotheMacintoshinordertotakeadvantageoftheMultiplanenhancementsforMacintosh.MicrosoftWordusesthegraphicscapabilitiesoftheMacintoshtoallowfullvisionrepresentationoftextandgraphicsonthescreen,in-cludingproportionalspacingandsupportforMacintosh’sfonts.WordmakesfulluseofMacintosh’smenusanddialogmanagers.Movingandcopy--ingportionsoftext,including,movingtext__betweendocuments,isaccomplishedwiththestandardMacintosheditfunctionsofCut,Copy,FOR1111NineteenthStreetN.W.,Suite301Washington,D.C.20036(202)293-136148%DISCOUNT!~IBM-PC,APPLE,TRS-80,S-100RegularPrice$2,495SAVE$1,200!Acomplete10MEGABYTEHARDDISKSUBSYSTEMat48%DISCOUNT!Don'tmisstheuniqueopportunitythismonthtobuyatspeedofyourcomputerforonly$1,295!SAVE$1,200offtheregular$2,495listprice!THISISTHEBESTDEALINTHEMARKET!COMPAREANDSAVE!ASPECIALOFFERFORTHISMONTHONLY!TheASCHARDDISKisofhighqualityandcomesinaCOMPACTSEA\10MEGABYTEWINCHESTERDRIVE,aSWITCHINGPOWERSUPPLY,acanbeexpandedwithanadditionaldrive,an1/0MAPPEDINTERFACECARD(hostadapter),FANCOOLING,allnecessaryINTERFAC-INGCABLES.powerfulINTERFACESOFTWAREandSpecialHARDDISKUTILITIESincludingaFORMATTINGPROGRAMthatassignsalternatesforpossibleweaksectors(whichmeansnoerrors).TheASCHARDDISKiscompatiblewiththefollowingcomputers:IBM-PC:DOS2.2,RADIOSHACKTRS-80:LDOS,$-100COMPUTERS:CP/M22.TheASCHARDDISKiseasytoinstallandusewithINSTRUCTIONSthatenablesyoutorapidlyplugitintoyourcomputeryourself.90DAYSWARRANTYonpartsandworkmanship!Add$2:00forC.0.D.orders.D.C.residentspleaseadd6%salestax.ASCASSOCIATES,INC.harddiskthatwillsubstantiallyincreasetheCapacityandPage13SoftwareAndPeripheralRoundUpéandPaste.MicrosoftWordalsoincludesanextensivefacilityformerginginformationfromotherdocuments--orMicrosoftFile--intoformletters.MicrosoftChartontheMacintoshisapowerfulbusinessgraphicsprogramthatenablesgraphicsdatatobeentered,editedandformatteddirectlyinwindowsonthescreen.Chartpresentstheuser‘witha“gallery”ofavailablebusinesscharts--bar,line,pie,scatter,etc.--thattheusercanchoosetoquicklyvisualizethechosendata.IftheuserwishestomakeuseofthefullpowerContinuedonpage14LEDMETALCASE(Size:8°x7”x12"),includinga514”SMARTCONTROLLER:witherrordetection/correctionthat1.1and2.0,APPLEIlandIe:DOS3.3andCP/MMONEYBACKGUARANTEE!IfyoufindthattheASCHARDDISKisnotfullywhatyouex-pected,youcanRETURNITwithin10daysfromthedateofreceiv-ingforaFULLREFUND,noquestionsasked!
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Page14Software&Peripheral=Continuedfrompage13ofMicrosoftChart,heorshecaneasilycustomizethechartbyusingthemousetoselect~formatsoroptions,ormoveselectedobjectsonthecharttoElmo’sAppleDisk‘Adiskfullofgreatprograms‘Applelis/e—Franklin$10pp—Check,MO,Viss,MCSt.ElmoSoftwareP.O.Box2496c3WestHelena,AR_72390Phone501-338-3317COMPUTERSHOPPER,APRIL1984alternate’positionswiththefamiliarclickanddragopera-tion.Theuseralsohascom-pletecontrolofthefont,typesize,position,andothercharacteristicsofanytext(heading,axis,titles,etc.)foragivenchart.High-qualitybusinessgraphicscanalsobecreatedwithinformationfromMicrosoftMultiplanorFile.MicrosoftFileisaproduc-tivitytoolforthestorageandretrievalofdataandoffersPUTYOURAPPLETOWORKWORKFORCEIl.”Acollectionof6newultra-friendlyprograms.3,THELINEWRITERaline-at-a-time“THEWAGE~examinesyour|4,4.THELOANANALYZER:joanandmortgageamortization.2.THECALCULATORai~4functionprintingcalculatorwithmemory&%.YZER-}4,THESAVINGANALes&ifsavings,investments,&rates."analyzesfuturevalueo|6,THEBALANCINGACT‘onceamonthcheckbookbalancing.~ALLSIXONLY$29.95_Manual&ShippingIncludedueOurSoftwareisCopyable&Affordable,InsistOnIt!equirements:ipbobneneahyesaretrademarksofApple’copiesofWORKFORCEI!at$29.95each.‘order.Allordersshippedimmediately!jeroptional.inc.checkormorCO)AmericanExpress1)COD(add$3.00forCOD)wnaresidentsadd6%SalesTax.Oversea’sadd$4.00.aries___(Sdigits)SignatureValidFromtoName—_—_—_—__—te:oaPhone.eeAddress.=City/State/ZipMailTo:CoreConceptsP.O.Box241572)968-3756DEALERINQUIRIESINVITEDTempe,AZ85282forms-baseddataentryandretrieval.Fileformsareselectedfromsystem-suppliedgalleryofstandarddataformsthatcanbemodifiedbytheuserifdesired.Filecanbeus-edtosupplydatatoanyap-plicationthatcanreadandwritetextfiles,orMacintosh’sClipboard._MicrosoftBASIConMacin-toshtakesfulladvantageofthelargedirectaddressingcapabilityoftheMacintosh’sMotorola.68000micro-processor,includingadecimalmathpackwith14-digitpreci-sion,andstringvariablesandstringexpressionsofuptoCARDS@APPLECARDSLOWCOSTPERIPHERALCARDSFORAPPLEI+“&ALLAPPLEIl-COM-PATIBLES..ASSEMBLED&TESTEDDualDiskDriveCont.Card......$49780Card.....56580ColumnCard...$79InverseVideoChipé$15GrapplertypePrinterCard$89RS232cardwicable...........$7916KLanguageCard(notjustaRAMcard)BoieeCoolingFanwithSurgeProtector.$49TALKER(SpeechSynthesizer)softwarein-cluded......-SPECIAL$49NEC64KRAMChipISONS®ae.<=coves$695200NS....-.36.49©BuyAnythreeget5%off@FreeShippinganywhereinU.S.A.&Canada©AlllquotedpricesareU.S.@Ontarioresidentsadd7%salestax@Moneyorders,VISA&Mastercardonly@BuywithconfidencefromthisEstablished&ReputableSupplier.WearenotjustaP.O.BoxNo.4271SheppardAvenueEastScarborough,Ontario,Canada,MIS464416-291-2995OKTYMACgraphicsprinterboardsforApple,orCommodore32,767characterseach.ItissourcecodecompatiblewithallstandardversionsofMicrosoftBASIC,allowingforeasymigrationofprogramwritteninMicrosoftBASICtotheMacintosh.MicrosoftBASICfullyincorporatestheMacintoshinterfaceandpresentstheuserwithupto3kindsofwindows--oneforviewingtheprogramlisting,andonefortheoutputoftherunningprogram.BASICalsoprovidesmanyoftheextendedgraphicscapabilitiesofMicrosoft’sGWBASIC,aswellassupportforMacintosh’sFontManagerandcallaccesstoMacintosh’sQuickdrawroutines.‘Anextensivelibraryofsoft-warepackagesandperipheralsisbeingpreparedforAppleComputer'snewMacintoshcomputerbymorethan100oftheworld’sleadingindepen-dentsoftwareandhardwarevendors,AppleannouncedJanuary24,1984.Applesaidthatthisistheresultofdeveloper'sforeseeingalargeinstalledbaseofMacin-‘CompuServeSTARTERKIT$32.se800-544-4354magnump.c.4056WETHERBURNPriceseveryonecan:AFFSSnananORD!TheNEWBMCBX-80MatrixPrinterSPECIFICATIONSPrintingspeedPrintingdirectionist80cp8,640dots/linepersecondNornral—Bidirectional,logicseekingSuperscriptandbitimagegraphicsNormalsize—80columnsDoublewidth—40columnsCompressedprint~142columns$257aW.A.OUTLEPOBox11Bloomingdale,N-J-07403Compressed/doublewidth—71columns}Adjustablesprocketfeedandfrictionfeed.$99CALLToday!toshcomputersaswellasAp-ple’sunprecedented,commitmenttothird-partysupport.Appleanticipatesthatmorethan500softwarepackageswillbeavailablefortheMacin-toshcomputerbytheendof1984.“Theparticipationofin-dependentdevelopersisanessentialpartofApple'sproduct-linestrategy,”saidStevenP.Jobs,Apple'sChair-manoftheBoard.“Macintoshisgeneratingthesamekindofintensivethird-partydevelop-mentthatmadetheAppleIIsosuccessful.We'resupportingthisparticipationbymakingitaseasyaspossibleforcom-paniestodevelopMacintoshsoftware.”Toencouragedeveloperin-volvement,Applehasbeenconductinganaggressive“seeding”programoverthepast12months.Morethan100leadingsoftwarecompanieshavebeenprovidedwithMacintoshcomputerspriortotheproductsrelease,aswellascomprehensivetechnicaland.marketingsupportfromApple...FollowingtheMacintoshin-troduction,Applewillcon-tinuetovigorouslysupportfur-therthird-partydevelopmentbyconductingnationwideseminarsandtrainingsessionsfordevelopers.HighlypopularprogramsthatwillbeavailablesooninspecialMacintoshversionsin-cludeLotus’1-2-3integratedbusinesspackageandSoftwarePublishing'sPFS:seriesofpro-ductivitytools.MicrosoftCorp.’sMultiplan(electronicspreadsheet)isalsoavailableandMicrosoftChart(businessgraphics)andMicrosoftFile(data-basemanager)willfollowsoon.Othersoftwarepackagesunderdevelopmentincludebusinessproductivityprograms,educationaltools,Continuedonpage16flFreeJoystickwithallordersover$100128KRAMCard(fullyassembledandHtested)$179.00IEjoystick(heavyduty.autocentering.ad-justabletrim)$25.95MlLockingDisketteCasewithKey(largesize{Iholds100diskettesplus10adjustableflindextabsmadeofacrylic)..$25.95NI80Col.Card(withsoftswitch)$85.00f]RFModulator(includescableandswitchWEbow):eeSTOOff5%”Disketthubenvelopesandplasticstoragecase)—..«AOfor$18.00fortheApplecomputer.Sendforfreecatalog.CertifiedcheckorM.O.preferredIIAllow2-3weeksforpersonalchecks.Sorryno¢.0.D.orders.GAresidentsin-clude4%tax.Add3%forshippingandINharidling.Minimumorder$3.00.iiTWecarryacompletelineofaccessories1FfreTechEnterprises{6065RoswellRoadNE,Ste.1230Atlanta,GA30328(404)294-6897r=
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Page16COMPUTERSHOPPER,APRIL1984APPLECOMPABLEASSEMBLEDANDTESTEDINCLUDES(Asshown)‘+CASE:ABScaseinlightbeige,spacerinstalledforeasymotherBDmounting.‘+KEYBOARD:Upcontrol;upperflowercase;poweronlight;42functionkey;3userprogrammablefunctionkey;STDnumerickeypad.AssembledincasewithcableforeasymotherBDconnection.*SWITCHINGPS:110/220selectable;5VIBA,12V/2.5A,—12VL5A,—SVISA.Assembiedincasewithpowercordandconnectorformother8D.+RFMODULATORSET:RFmodulator,coaxialcable;TVinterface+SPEAKER:MountedwithcableandplugformotherBDconnection.+GUARANTEE:90daysCK199‘TERMS:+CashiersCheckorMoneyOrderprepaidprice$199*CODPrice‘$215CAResAdd6%SalesTax*10%RestockingChargeforOrdersReturnedorRefused»Personalchecksrequire3weeksforclearance.DELIVERY«UPS*STOCKTO6WEEKS*EMCO(805)499-88713541OLDCONEJORD.STE.111°NEWBURYPARK,CA91320PRICEANDAVAILABILITYSUBJECTTOCHANGEWITHOUTNOTICE.:WANTED«DEALER+DIS’Buythesoftware—getthecomputerandprinterSoftware&PeripheralContinuedfrompage14specializedapplications(suchasaccountingprograms),pro-gramminglanguagesandgames.AppleitselfwillprovidethebasicMacintoshsoftwareavailableatlaunch,includingMaeWrite(aword-processingprogram)andMacPrint(aLIFETIMEWARRANTYSS/DD0S/DD.27sox10©=39220caseioo330’SANYOMBC4050computergraphicspackage),followedbyprogramminglanguagesandterminalemulationsoftware,aswellassomeuniqueapplica-tionssuchastheMacProjectprogram(forprojectschedul-ing).ThemajorityofMacin-toshsoftware--90percent,Ap-pleestimates--willcomefromthirdpartyvendors.Macintoshisdesignedsothatdeveloperscaneasilytakead-vantageofthemachine’ssophisticatedsimulationofthefamiliardesk-topenvironment,whichmakesthemachineex-traordinarilysimpletouse.Routinescommontoeachap-plication,suchasoverlappingscreenwindows,pull-downmenusandmouse-drivencom-mands,-arebuiltintothesystem’s64kilobytesofread-onlymemory(ROM).Thismeansthatdevelopersdonothavetore-createtheséroutinesforeveryapplication.=calledToassistsoftwaredevelopersintheirefforts,Appleispro-vidingongoingtechnicalsup-port,trainingclassesforap-plicationsdevelopersandcom-prehensivedocumentation“Inside“Macintosh”,whichincludesadescriptionof.thecontentsoftheROM.AskMicroAnnouncesPersonalAccountingPlusForTheMacintoshASKMicro,Inc.developerofAccountingPlus(tm)soft-ware,announcesthedevelop-mentofPersonalAccountingZlus(tm)forthenewApple(R)'Macintosh(tm)computer.Thisaccountingpackageisdesign-edtoprovidepersonalcom-puter-userswithacompletesystemfororganizingpersonalfinances.Thissoftwarepackagewillmaintainrecordsoncheckingandsavingsac-Continuedonpage20D,p*16KRAM39.049.50|eCARD69.0'LLER39.00EPROMPROGRAMMER65,00*PRINTERINT.(w/cable)48.0*MailLosAlamitos,FullyAppleCompatibleAssembledandTestedMOTHERBOARDS:64K/DualProcessor2-80,6502...$289.0064K/SingleProcessor6502...348K/SingleProcessor6502....CoolingFan$35.00QualityJ:Apple(TM)ShugartDiskDriv:Check/M.0O.plus$3forpJ.C.Computer,4155HowardAveCA90720,CaliforniaResidentadd229.00UPSC.0.D.ok6%TaxTRAVELFIRSTCLASSwiPERSONALIZEDDISKLABELSYOURNAME123ANYSTREET—ANYTOWN,USA(299)999-9909Dressupyourdiskswithpersonalizedlabels,showingyourname,addressandphoneforidentification—.oranyotherappropriatedata.*Sanyoletterqualityprinterover$2000ofsoftware16Bite8086CPUeDualBuilt-inDriveswithaformattedkecapacityof1.2Megabytese428KRAMeLetterQualityPrintereCP/M86eBASICeWordstareCalcstareMailmerge@SpelistareInfoStareOneyearwarrantyoncomputerboardeCinuerinnes-cao§4QQSScottsdaleSysteMSus617N.ScottsdaleRoad,SuiteB,Scéttsdale,Arizona85257=athae=="(602)941-5856Pleasesendsetsof5”labelsat$14.95persetof200.setsof8”labelsat$17.95persetof200.PRICEINCLUDESSHIPPINGANDHANDLINGTotalenclosed$.(NJresidentsadd6%salestax).Makecheckormoneyorderto:ActionCopyCenters,Inc.andmailto:571ValleyRoad,UpperMontclair,NJ07043Copyforlabels:ClonleftLionrightoflabel(Copylimitedto4lines,25charactersperline)=Sendto{itptherthancopyabove):Priceslistedaresetforcash,noCOD's,chargecardsadd3%,Az.residentsadd6%,pricessubjecttochange,productsubjecttoavailability,20%restockingfeeforreturnedmerchandise.f.0.b.Scottsdale.NAME_ADORESSCITY,STATE,ZIP
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—$1575COMPUTERSHOPPER,APRIL1984cCTHEWHOLEENCHILADAComparethissystemtoanyofferedbyanymanufacturer,anydeoler.A16-bit,125K8088MS-DOSsystem(whichbyhappycoincidencerunssomeIBMPC-DOSprograms);ThePCDeluxe™includestheSanyoMBC-555computerwithdualdiskdrives,MS-DOS,SanyoColorGraphicsBasic,Wordstar,Calcstar,Mailmerge,Spellstar,Infostar,PCFiler,a42"greenphospherSanyodisplaywitha640x200resolution.aprintercable,andyour_choiceofaMannesmannTallySpirit80.Gemini10X.orScottsdaleSystems’newLTR-4letterqualityprinter.Allfor$1575.OfcourseyoumaynotwantthewholeEnchilada,inwhichcasewehaveothersystem,packagesbasedontheSanyo550computerthatmaybemoretoyourtaste.Ifyou'rethinkingaboutbuyingthehottestmicroof1984giveusacall.Findoutwhyourprices,inventory,productknowledge,andaninsatiableappetiteforMexicanfoodhavemadeusSanyo’slargestU.S.dealer.PCPLUS™PCDELUXE™40Mb.diskdrive$1927,networkingsystems...callNodealersplease.2=1099aDEOTDALTOSThesingleuser809'snowincludeCP/M™‘andGraphplontromChangLabs.Youcansavemoneybybuyingyourmulti-UserTelevideosystemfromus.andweconhaveisinstalledotyoursiteGuragreementwithTRW.(odditionealFromthelowest-priceddual-floppymulti-Usersystemstotrue16-bit10Mhz.multiUsessystemsLocolserviceovailobleviaHaeSeeOoiconngure,toseYogiBriersforonSédtisnalenarse$1998--$3629.$6539$7995$4679$6116charge).TPC-dualdrive603..=1603602H806/20mb.816/40mb.ADDSViewpoint3A+.nowemulatestheViewpoint4Aand2A.‘alongwiththeADM3A.(NewmodeldueApri).Viewpoint60.BS7%Wyse50...:ryWyse100:Televideo914:BusinessBureauofMoricopaCounty.OurnewEagleshavelandedwithmorecompatibility.ThePC-2has128KRAM.212"greenportsandoneparallelportondorebackednationwidebyBellandHowellPC-2$2639SpiritXL$3729PCPlus,1600series:call617N.ScottsdaleRoad,SuiteB,Scottsdale,Arizona65257"==(602)941-5856Call8-5Mon.-Fri,WeparticipateinarbitrationforbusinessandcustomersthroughtheDetterTelevideo924SERVICE/ORDERINGTelevideo970AltosIl:ZenithZ-29ZenithZT-1INTEGRATION:Priceslistedorefornewequipmentinfactorysealed’boxeswithmanufacturer'swarranty.Wewillpretestyourequipment.integrateyoursystem,configureyoursoftware,providespecialcables,efc..foronadditionalcharge.Callforprices.ORDERING:MAILORDERONLY.Priceslistedoreforcash.NoC.0.D.'s.WesellonaNet30BasistoFortune1000companiesandUniversitieswithgoodcredit.P.0.sadd2%,chargecardsadd9%.Az.residentsadd6%.Pricessubjecttochange.productsubject10availability.Personolcheckstake3weekstoclear.0-20%restockingfeeforreturnedmerchandise.F.0.B.pointofshipment.CP/MandMP/MareregisteredrrademorksofDigitalResearch.WordstarisoregisteredtrademarkofMicroProIntemational.IBMandIBMPCoreregisteredtrademarksofIntemationalBusinessMachinesCorporation.TeleVideo®isoregisteredtrademorkofTeleVideoSystems,Inc..”.SOFTWARE:Soldonlyw/systems.natwarrantiedforsuitability.DMP-29_..DMP-40DMP-44PASSWORD300/1200Thebestpriceonthebestsellingautodial/autoanswer,30/1200boud.autospeed.automode,full/halfduplex.modem.Priceincludespower,phone,andRS-232cables.ippingextra-productsareSANYOEachColumbicomeswithBasica(2ithIDM-PC®compatiblecolorgraphics).PerfectWriterTM.PerfectSpellerTM.PerfectCalcTM.PerfectFilerTM.FastSrobstomsAcctOheSeascoeresSeVents38Ib,portable.the1600-415thedesktopunitDothhaveduct520KdrivesandorebackednationwidebyBellandHowell.TheVPhas09"CRT.the4600-4priceincludesCATcontrollerandkeyboard..$2298$2569$3849TallySpirit....Tally160L/tracTally160L/tracOWL92:ccs,OWSSes=Gemini10XGemini15XPrism132$290OffList-.$415OffListnc$140OffLisrollopts....._$1449Transtar345-$469LETTERQUALITYSilverReed500$409SilverReed550$559Diablo620$649NEC20303794NEC3550$1774NEC7710|.$1949DIC380Z$1044SCOTTSDALESYSTEMS’LTR-1NEW!Aletterquolityprinterthatweighslessthan7Ibs...onlytakesupasmuchdeskspaceasasheetofpoper.12CP..12EBS.singlesheer.Fictionteed.80chorac-ters,bi-directional,theperfect2ndprinter‘orportableprinter.Itsboxcandoubleasacarryingcose.$249Page15
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Page20Software&PeripheralContinuedfrompage16counts,creditcards,andotherpersonalassets.Thesystemwillalsoprovideextensivereportsincludingnetworthstatements,balancesheets,andbudgetanalysisinformation.PersonalAccountingPluswillbesimilarindesigntoitscounterpart,AccountingPlus--apopularproductusedbymanagersofsmalltomedium-sizedbusinesses.PersonalAccountingPlusCOMPUTERSHOPPER,APRIL1984willbereleasedduringthese-condquarterof1984,Infocom’sFullLineOfSoft-wareToBeAvailableForMacintoshInfocom,Inc.,hasannounc-edthatitsbestsellinglineofrecreationalsoftwarewillbeavailableforApple’sMacin-toshpersonalcomputer.Amongthoseproductsaretopsellersinfantasy,sciencefiction,murdermystery,andadventure.Macintoshownerscanlookforwardtothesein-1.DetachKeyboard..Aease.PowerSupply.Total3pcsDiskDriver(Shugart390).(Super5)dibsGemini10xSilver-Reed500p..ZVM-123GreenRFModulator...JoyStick(A)(B).Perip!16KRAMcard(Quentin)Printerinterfacew/cableDiskControllerCard...Misc.PowerSupply...Keyboard.Enclosurez(Save$15.00)ZenithMonitorZVM-122Amber.CoolingFan(withlinesurgeandtwooutlets)eSeSeSeSSeSeSpeSeS2SeSSESCSESEDetachKeyboard&EnclosureforApple*188FunctionKey*10UserDefineKey—MyeaeMyMOYxUhteractivechallenges:TheZORK(R)TrilogyZORKIis_everybody’sfavorite.This~classicfantasytakesyouintoTheGreatUndergroundEmpirewhereyoumuststrivetodiscoverthe20treasuresofZORKandescapewithyourlife.InZORKII,you'llencountertheWizardofFrobozz,andinZORKIiIl,thefinalchapter,theDungeonMasterhimself.ENCHANTER(tm)~andSORCERER(tm)-There’saworldofmagicalpowersandperilouspredicamentstocon-tendwithENCHANTER,thepremiereofafantasyseriesintheZorkiantradition.Sorcerer,thesecondadventureintheENCHANTERserieshasa1,000wordvocabulary--thelargestyou'llfindinanyIn-focomprogram.PLANETFALL(tm),SUSPENDED(tm),andSTARCROSS(tm).-InPLANETFALL,you'lltrytosaveadoomedandplague2WAYAND4WAYSWITCHBOXESPARALLELORSERIAL4056WETHERBURNWAYATLAN!strickenworldwhiletryingtokeepa_straightface.SUSPENDED;thecryogenicnightmareontheedgeofthefarfuture,andSTARCROSS,achallengingspacemindbender,roundoutInfocom’ssciencefictionseries.TheWITNESS(tm)andDEADLINE(tm)-PersonalcomputerenthusiastswholikeatoughcasetosolvewillbeenamoredwithTheWITNESS,ahard-boiledwhodunitthrillerwitha1930'stheme,andDEADLINE,thefirstgreatmysteryofthecomputerage.SINFIDEL(tm)-TheoriginalactionclassicintheIn-focomTalesofAdventure(tm)series,INFIDELtakesyoutothevastEgyptiandesertwhereyou'llstruggletofindtheburiedentrancetothelastgreatpyramidandseizepricelesstreasures.LotusToMarketCustomVer-sionOf1-2-3ForApple's.MacintoshLotusDevelopmentCor-porationtodayannounceditwillmarket.acustomversionofits1-2-3(tm)integratedsoft-wareprogramforApple(tm)Computer’snewMacintoshsystem.Thenewversionof1-2-3isdesignedtotakeadvantageofMacintosh’suniquefeaturessuchasicons,andthecutandpastefacility,whichpermitsinter-applicationdataex-change,accordingtoMitchellKapor,PresidentofLotus.PRICE—PERFORMANCEBREAKTHROUGH!IntroducingtheEMTEC#lae™Apple-CompatibleDiskDriveSPECIALtsFEATURE:WRITECONTROLSWIT!‘CH©FullONE©UsercontrolofwriteprotectionstatusWRITEmode:Writeon(unnotched!)diskettebacksPROTECTEDmode:Read-only.Preventsaccidentalwriting_NORMALmode:Sensewriteprotectnotchasusual*Simplepushbuttonswitchtochangemodes*LEDs(Green,Yellow)showwriteprotectionstatus©AppleIi,Il+and//ecompatible©Half-height(17/8"high)*Direct-drivespindle(nobelt);brushlessmotor“®Metalband-typeheadpositioner{#0trackcapability(Apple35-trackcompatible)EARWarrantyEMTECPtxsDrive(w/WriteControlSwitch).......$245.00“WearémakingamajorcorporatecommitmenttoMacintoshwhichisnatural,in-tuitiveandinlinewithhowpeoplethinkandwork.Thisisgoingtochangethewaypeo-plethinkaboutpersonalcom-—_puters,”Kaporsaid.“Macin-.-toshsétsawholenewstan-dard,andwewantourpro-ductstotakeadvantageofthis.”1-2-3combinesspread-sheetsanalysis,graphing,andinformationmanagementfunctionsinonefast,powerful,andeasy-to-useprogram.Theprogramincludesabuilt-in,~high-levellanguagecapability,calledtheMacroCommandLanguage.thatletsuserscustomtailorapplicationsandstorethemtorunwith1-2-3.1-2-3'sSpreadsheetis.thelargestandmostadvanceddevelopedtodate,with2,048rowsof256columns.Itsinfor-mationmanagementfunctionoffersquick,simpleentryandretrievalofmorethan2,000records,whilethegraphing-featureenablesuserstocreategraphsfrominformationinthespreadsheetwithjustafewkeystrokes.MegahausReadies.ProgramsForMacinteshMegaFinderisadatamanagementprogramwithreportandformdesigncapabilities.MegaFinderalsoineludesseveralready-madeformsandreportswhichpro-videcompletesolutionsfor_home,business,personalfinanceandahostofotherevery-dayapplications.ThisContinuedonpage22FREE?DISKETTES‘SAVEMONEY!Apple[i+/euserscan’usedisketteflipside,ifanother‘enable’notchissafelymade.TheDISK-NOTCHERbyQUORUMQuicklySOLVESthatPROBLEM.|It'slikeFREEDISKETTES!©StainlessStee!GuideEasyLeverageHandle*ClippingsCatcherSquareNotchCut©BlackFinishHetheFop-Notch.Notchenr!Certifix"BESAFEIYour‘FREE’diskCERTIFIED100%ERRORFREEwithCERTIFIXbyQUORUM.ItLOCKSOUT’DISKFLAWSandletsyouusetherest.Displaysstatusreport&Savesittodisk.Next,CERTIFIXautomaticallyformatsthenofferstoinitializewithgenuineAppleDOS33too.Greatfortestingeconordisks.CERTIFY,FIX,&INITIALIZEeverydiskwithCERTIFIX!EMTECStandardTEACDrive(noswitch)EMTECControllerCard(forApple)...-+-$55.00Pricesreflect29%cashdiscount.Add3%forchargeorders.MasterCardAVisa‘accepted.Add$4.00perdriveforshipping.CertifiedCheckorM.O.COD'saseesiccierain,atedchest6peleresNoCODeApple™AppleInc.*TEAC™TEACCorp.EMTEC“retocnsouacoe$210.00100%MoneyBackSetsfationGuarani!DISKNOTCHERis$14.95CERTIFIX™isjust$24.95ONLY$29.95forBOTH!Add$1.50s/heCAadd6%%taeSACCEPTEDVITALCOMPUTER,INC.901-)S$.GreenwoodAve.,Montebello,CA90640“Phone:(213)722-5762;Telex:292771VITALURCall(513)878-85335-10EDT
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|aa|COMPUTERSHOPPER,APRIL1984Page19J}BEWARE!BULLDOG“‘BYTES’’PRICESON:12”’MONITOR12’GREENSCREENHITACHIFull90-DayWarrantyNowInStockFactoryFreshIncludesRCAShieldedCableMEMORYon>64K(SETOF9)Prime,=or200NS.BEWARE!BULLDOG““BYTES’’PRICESON:DISK.regTANDONTM100-2OQSameAsIBM*DS/DD360KB51/4”Full-SizeFloppySHUGARTSA-455199(OrEquivalent)*DS/DD360KB¥%HeightFloppy*SETOF2-$389THE“HIGHPRICE’’DOGHOUSE!MONITORS@TAXAN12”GREEN..129AMBER..1392Acomechsidadcecisoes339420:emLook-Alike(HiResRGB/Composite)««549RGBvision|I|.479RGBvision|.319300G.139300A.149310A.189|,SszlI.COLOR|...289COLOR'I..489GOPRTLEAcy12”GREEN..89AMBER..991-800727-3600ae456ronnoesahHX-12ee=COMPUTERSIBMPERIPHERALSAPPLEPERIPHERALSFRANKLINFAMILYPACK1099||AQSTTSIXPAKPLUS....285|]©VIEWMAX-80ticromax.139drive.TurningPointSoftwintasticceceanateind*Joystick*FranklinBASICmanual*AGE10disksystem*Franklinvideomonitor*ACEDisplay80-columncard*ACEWriterIwordprocessingsoftware*ACECalcspreadsheetanalysis*DataPerfectdatabasesoftware*Personal-Financiersoftware*Welcomediskette*Twocomputersinone*CP/M®:andApple®compatible*WordStar®Withfilemerging-*ACECalcspreadsheetanalysis*ACE1000Pluspersonalcomputerwithdisk+TimeisMoney?homefinancesoftwarebyonaeandFriends-3in-4gamediskette*WindowmagazineonadiskbyWindowInc.AGEPROPLUS............1299*ACE1000professionalpersonalcomputerUpto385Konaboard.RS-232port,parallelport,clock&SuperDrive/Spoolersoftware.FREDRICKSPLANTRONICS395TACIRMABOARD.........1025MASYSTEM-PCPEACOCK31980ColumnCardforAppleli+,VideoSoftSwitch,InverseVideo,with2yearwarranty.PERISOFTTIMELINK........a|AGE1200OMS...........1599*BASICandCBASICprogramminglanguages+WelcomeprogramwithfinancialfunctionsPRACTICALPERIPHERALSMICROBUFFERIl.......+229QUADLINK.930...ck497||Z-80CP/MCARD............99QUADBOARD........:......285||16KRAMCARD..............39QUADCOLOR..<3:2ecg,239||APPLEPOWERSUPPLY.....65DISKS_||'&?Hoala||SHIPPINGVERBATIMPutthefunbackinyourcom--DS/DD..........34||.pierilinesadefy|)FREEoeSS/DDBiomearee29oathpbaeAheONORDERSOVER$200WHENSYNCOMECTYPESOUNDees18PERFECTDATAHEADCLEANINGLeee18Software.Otherpensoft-wareavailable(Callforinformation).APBEEOs3s97AIARTICOMMODORE®.77Bosee=117YOUSAY“HOW’BOUTTHEMDAWGS!”.ADD3%SHIPPINGANDINSURANCEONORDERSLESSTHAN$200.WESHIPUPSCOD.VISA_OR_MASTERCARDADD4%.GEORGIARESIDENTSADD4%SALESTAX.WEINVITEDEALERINQUIRIES.SPECIAL-ORDERSAVAILABLE.QUANTITYDISCOUNTSFORUSER’SGROUPS.PRICESSUBJECTTOCHANGE.YOURDOGGONEMONEYBACK!
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Page22COMPUTERSHOPPER,APRIL1984OSIHEXDOSCanyourdiskoperatingsystemdothis?HEXDOSisaremarkablediskoperatingsystemfortheC1PorSuperboardII.HEXDOSsurpassesthecapabilitiesofOS65D,butbecauseitusessubroutinesinOSI'sROMBASIC,itisverycompact(only2K).HEXDOSprovidesyouwitheasy-to-usecommandsandsaves10Kofmemoryanddiskspace!+LoadorsaveBASICprograms,machinelanguage,anddatafilesbyname.ChainBASICprogramsfromdisk.*Upto22datafilesmaybeopensimultaneously.*ResidesatthebeginningofRAM,leavingmaximumspaceforuserprograms.«FulltraceofBASICprogramswithoptionalsingle-stepping.*Truelineeditingallowsyoutocorrectmistakeseasily.*Includesadisassembleranddemonstrationprograms:CHECKBOOKandADDRESSBOOK(personaldatabasemanagement),LIFE,SURROUND,REVERSI,BACKGAN-MON,andBSRCONTROLLER(homecontrol).*Satisfactionguaranteed,oryourmoneypromptlyrefunded.“Documentationisclearandcomplete,thebest|haveseenfromanysource.”—RonaldC.Whitaker,Compute!magazine,April1981Price:$49.50(5%-inchdisketteand40-pagemanual)Manualonly:$10.(Applicabletowardspurchaseprice.)The6502ProgramExchange2920WestMoanaReno,NV.89509=STRFormoreinformation,send$1.00forourcatalog.=Continuedfrompage20allowsanovicetobeginusingMegaFinderrightaway.TheMacintoshcomputeropensthedoortoawholenewworldofsoftware.MegaFindermakesfulluseoftheadvancedfeaturesoftheMacintosh.ItusestheMacintosh’s.conve-nient“pull-down”menustoentercommands.Iconsareus-edtorépresentreportsandformswhicharestoredondisk.Macintosh’smousemakesselectingiconsandmenuchoiceseffortless.UsingtheMacintosh’stechnology,theicons“expand”intoversatilewindowswhichcanbemovedaroundthescreen,enlarged,orsetaside.OneparticularlyinnovativeexampleofMegaFinder’suseofthis-windowingcapabilityisits“help”feature.A“help”iconmaybeexpandedintoawin-dowdisplayinginformationorinstructionsneededatanypointintheprogram.Infact,thehelpwindowknowsexact-lywhatyouarecurrentlydo-ingandautomaticallydisplaysthepertinentinformation.Thiswindowmaybeenlargedtotheentiresizeofthescreen;itmaybeshrunktofitinonecor-neruntilneeded;oritmaybeerasedentirely.Thiskindofpowerfulwindowingcapabili-tywillbeusedonallMegahausproductsfortheMacintoshcomputer.InadditiontousingMacin-tosh’soperatingenvironment,MegaFinderisaremarkablysophisticateddatamanager.MegaFinderhaspowerfulformdesigningcapabilities.Aswellasprovidingreadymadeforms,MegaFinderallowstheusertodesigncustomformsfromscratch.Thisisdoneby“drawing”theformonthescreenwiththeMacintosh’swindowingabilities,anyoralloftheformsmaybeonthescreenatthesametime.MegaFinderispowerfulandfast.Itmaintainsinformationinuptofoursortedorderssimultaneously.Eachofthefourordersmaybesortedinuptofivesub-levels(oftencalled“primary”and“secondary”sorting).Becauseofitsadvane-ed-sortingpower,MegaF'inderfindsformsremarkablyfast.MegaFinderfindsonerecordfromthousandsinonesecond(testsshowthistobeasmuchas120timesfasterthanotherproducts).:MegaFinder’sreportgen-eratorallowstheusertostoreformats.Apreviousmodedisplaysthereportbeforeprinting.‘BecauseMegaFinderusestheMacintosh’ssophisticatedoperatingenvironment,itiscompatiblewithallMacintoshsoftware--includingaforthcomingwordprocessorbyMegahaus.Mac-FORTH(tm)—ForMacintosh.Aninteractive,multitasking,programmingenvironmentfortheAppleMacintoshComputerMac-FORTH(tm)isafastandpowerfulprogramming~systemthatwasspecificallydesignedtotakefulladvantageofthemanybuilt-infeaturesoftheMacintosh.Fittingcomfor-tablywithinthedesktopmetaphor,andfullyconsistentSUPERCOOLATWITT’SEND?thou-withthewelldefinedMacin--FORAPPLE*Supercool©Thin,compactdesign—justclipontocaseormonitorstand®Illuminatedfrontpowerswitchcontrolsentiresystem:©Dualauxiliaryoutletsformonitorandprinter@InternalvoltagesurgeprotectionJoystick®@Allmetalcasefordurability@Self-centeringallmetalhandlewithheightadjustment®Bothverticalandhorizontaltrimadjustments©PlugcompatiblewithApple*$28.95DealerInquiriesInvited“AppleisaTrademarkofAppleComputer,Inc.USATerms:U.S.fundsonly.Hawaiiresidentsadd4%salestax.Pleaseincludeyourtelephonenumber.Wearenotresponsibleforanytypographicalerrors.WepayforshippinganywhereintheContinentalUnitedStatesandHawaii.QuyITEM.‘MakecheckspayabletoVALTRONICS‘95-380HokukeaCt.,#240P.O.Box6184Honolulu,Hawaii96818ORDERINGINFORMATIONUNITPRICETOTALOrdersformostitemfilledtifiedchecks,money‘oadersandpersonalchecksHawairesidentsadd4%salestaxeeeoeaetnecaeTOTALName.seeAddress—Toorder:CallVALTRONICSat(808)623-4243oruseourorderformPhoneNo.—sandsofpeoplehavehadtheunpleasantexperienceofbeingstumpedbyanadventure,whetheritbeinthecomplex-itiesofanInfocomInterlogic™experi-enceoralimitedonewithasmallvocabulary.Yet,you'llneverbeagain,forwenowproduceWitt’sNotes™(completehintsandmaps)formanyoftheadven-turesonthemarket.-Witt’sNotes™arenotcribsheets,theyarecomprehensivebookletswhichtryto-analyzeeverypotentialproblemthatanadventurermightencounter.Yet,wecanassureyouthat,ifusedproperly,ourhintbookletsshouldnevergiveawayun-wantedanswers.Currently,selectfromthesepopulartitles:SherwoodForest,KabulSpy,BladeofBlackpoole,CriticalMass,ColossalCave,TheQuest,Transyivania,CovetedMirror,MysteryHouse,Wizard,Cranston,Ulysses,TimeZone,DarkCrystal,MaskofSun,Serpent'sStar,Zork(I,Il,orIll),Deadline,Starcross,Witness,Suspended,Planetfall,Enchan-ter,Infidelandmanymore.Bestofall,eachisonly$5.95.Dealerinquiriesinvited.CTresidentsadd72%salestax.WITT’SEND42MorehouseRd.Easton,CT06612InterlogicisatrademarkofInfocom,Inc.Witt'sNotesisatrademarkofWitt'sEndAssoc.toshuserinterface,Mac-FORTHprovidessystemdevelopersandenduserswiththeabilitytointeractivelydeveloptheirownapplicationsontheMacintosh.er~Mac-FORTHintinteractivity,speed,ibilitytypicalofFORTHsystemswiththegraphicswin-dows,menus,mouseselection,andfilestructureoftheMacin-toshuserinterfaceintoanex-tremelypowerfulandexcitingtoolforapplicationproblemsolving.FromCreativeSolutionsInc.,4801RandolphRoad,Rockville,MD20852.@CLASSIFIEDRATES17CENTSPERWORD80-ColumnCard*BareBoard.RS232Card.PrinterCard.DiskController.PC/ApplePrototypsKeyboardforPCDiskDrive..BMCBX-80PiCoolingFan‘System/Kit/Mote*Freeshippingforprep:C.0.D.AcceptedMICROCHAIN344NottinghamRoadSyracuse,NY13210Phon6-83
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3COMPUTERSHOPPER,APRIL1984Page21AASeBRIDEROMOeeeeTd“SAYWHAT24@1/"|Color-CodeSystem\sMAKEYOURCOMPUTERCOLOR-CODEDDISKLABELS&WORKEASIERWITHoyeWEBER’SNEWFORALLOFYOURDISKS!Usetoputyourdisksinorder...COMPUTERthissystemreallyworksandit’sANSWERBOOKeasytostart&use!Peeloff,pressuresensitive.permanentadhesiveActualsizeis:51/8”’Wide(Yellow)by43/4”High“andhas32pagesforyournotesandmemos.#Case#DiskFite#Format:Date:RaR°E‘Weber'sDiskFileSystem,Adelphia,KS07710“ePeel-offtab(Shownactualsize)Nowyoucanorganizeyourdiskswith70USE:(1)Affixlabelstodisks.(2)Futthisnew4ow-costcolorcodingsystem._dividersbetweendisksasseparatorsorslideItiseasytouseflexibleandonlyintdiskjacketsasinsertsthalautomaticallyaketeazaiidiubestosetipalidstartcomeeneemertloncasidentification.using.20-RedColorCodeSystemincludes:tome)(1)120Color-CodedLabels1"x3'2”5!(COMPUTERANSWERBOOKAnytimeyourComputershowsamessageonthescreencausingyoutoreruark(oryell:"SAVWHAT?*@!"..that’sthetimeyouneedtogetoutthislittleComputerAnswerBook.Butfirst.youhavetomakeONLYnotesinthebookabout:Disklocations,DiskIDnumbers.filenames._commandstostart,run&stopyourcomputer.Also,anytimeyousolve3.9Sadifficultproblem...writeyoursolutionheresoyou'llhaveithandyORDER#CaB-1renineyouneeditKeepthisbookonornearyourcomputerat(eapostpaid)=winsSimpleAnswersYouWillHaveAlwaysThere.©Weber&Sons,Inc.(2)100Color-CodedDividers514”or8”For51/4”disks,#CCS-5$13.9For8”disks,#CCS-8$17.95COLOR-CODED#DJ-5yo’DISK-JACKETS#DJ-8LabelsizeisDISK-LABEFivecolorsgJACKETSDiskenvJACKETS1"hx471YomLSlusWhiteFOR51/4”2oiaatthrosrentpes=FOR8”Feeloff.pressuresensitive,permanentadhesiveP'-°.whi*YougereenyellowPilzwhitDISKSReetaTE,yousdioke.2DESKSoe|saree][erIiper]panesaaai25foronly$6.8050foronly$13.30120-FOR$4.95(ppd.)order¢:ccpL-1475foronly$19.60100foronly$25.50:steg.DuPontTademare(PostagepaidvieFOMorUPS)WEBER’SDisk-FileSystemDisk-FilesssNew!aciws150DISKSAcompletefilingsystemforallofyourdisks!EachWeberDisk-FileSystemincludes:1-Disk-Fileofyourchoice.1501Dlabelsfordisks,3-backstops(toholddisksuprightinpemepnessthefile).40-dividers.aCross-referenceanda3onlyTableofContentscardplus-yourchoiceofeitheraremovablelidorpull-drawersleeve.QuestorWhatstheoifferencebetweenseOandDLE?Questions—AnsusrSueDcanfileup10150looseaskshas3diskbackstops{ronalddisksuprightmthefiledrawer)andyourchoiceofiamalso:SPECIALSETSyourchoice-selectasneeded$5.95perset120Labels4andeitheraremovableidorasleeveAnswersSizeDLC(DiskLibraryCase)canfileeither180loosedisksfrtOplasticlibrarycases.orasmallercombinationofbothabout¥seenrncreyclesosouchstaprondyoureneotjisk-Files:eitheraremovablelidorasleeveDisk-Files:—VoieaseSesureGistosmenyouwartLigorSleevea,SPECIALMONEY-SAVERDEAL:Order4(ormore)ofanyitemsandandyousave10%!A<BEnamsmaeSitthdelat=GroeFORTRIALTODAY!FOREVENFASTERSERVICE.CALLG"=‘Theytakeupverylittleroom,«.stack3-backstopseasily!150IDlabels-~4O-dividers.-=~yourchoiceofeitheraremovalorpull-drawersleeve.SAVESTIME!eeeEASY70USE!SATISFACTIONGUARANTEED:(201)431-1128/800-225-0044iKEEPSDISKSREADY,INEXPENSIVEi-PLEASESENDTHEFOLLOWINGITEMS:Quan.|Total[lppedinpanmDISK-FIFevADISILEFOROn‘:+9.95°HlJaSTREETADDRESSHolasbothlooseTaeee7NEW!piIsk-F1EO.iskFILEFOR8"DISK1038.ieeSeeaeerods75s.DISKSa)|itisbewoctany515.95¢gysaodotiseemenejipilea$5.95f=Paes$1.00_|stare.aneT816.95"6wessoony$2.00.|a:#plus3.00pstg,TiceaceineeeeSLHeS|aneve“ORDER.+5.25DS~~Seeeysang[fgemonnaeparceledaconEetaREEOERAFORDERFORTRIALTODAY!SATISFACTIONGUARANTEEDAasS500SeraestSeTroeteSereed=WriteForLiteratureTo:CallusTOLL-FREE:800-225-0044<Q=>WEBER&SONS.INC.Po.80x1045.adelpnia,NJO7710
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TheNewspaperForSystemsAndSoftwareRetailingAPPLE’S“100DAYS”AreProductionSnagsCrimpingDemand?ByKevinFergusonCUPERTINO,Calif.—ThejurystillisdeliberatingthefullimpactofleComputerInc.’s“100Days”promotionalcampaigifortheMacintosh,nowinits77thday.However,earlyresultsdojustifycauseforoptimismatApple,ana-lystssaid,despitethecompany’sproductionlimitations.FewanalystscontactedbyCRNdisputedthatMacintoshsalesarestrongandthatApple’s$40millionadvertisingcampaignhasgreatlyraisedproductawarenessofthe$2,495system.However,mostanalystsstressed(ContinuedonPage65)StoresAreSoldOutOnMacAllocationsByLynnShapiroNEWYORK—AlthoughtherearesignificantshortagesofsoftwareandperipheralsforAppleComputerTne.’sMacintosh,theMacisthehot-test-sellingcomputeronstoreshelvestodayand,retailerssay,de-mandfortheindustry’smostwell-publicizedmodelisendless.Howeyer,dealers:contactedinaninformalCRNsurveyalsoreportedthatproductshortageshavepre-ventedthemfromrealizingasmanysalesastheybelievecouldbemadeifAppleweretoshipmoreMacintoshcomputers.“Tcouldsell300percentto400(ContinuedonPage65)ShortagesSlowConsortiumPlanByKenSiegmannCUPERTINO,Calif.—DespitesevereshortagesoftheMacintosh,AppleComputerInc.’s2-month-oldConsortiumforHigherEduca-tionisbeingtoutedasasuccessbythecomputermakerandbyparticipatinguniversitiescontactedbyCRN.PossiblystuntingthegrowthoftheprogramisApple’sinabilitytoproduceMacintoshesfastenou;ightosatisfydemandamongtheuniversitiesinvolvedintheconsortium,observerssaid.(ContinuedonPage7)048COMPUTERRetailNewsf!
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MacintoshShortagesPla(ContinuedfromPage1)asotherprominentmanu-facturersofpersonalcom-putersareknowntobetar-getingthelucrativecollegemarketfortheirproducts.WhileApple’ssupplyofMacintoshesistightforallchannels—theuniversityconsortium,retailers,andcorporateaccounts—theshortagescouldbeparticu-larlynettlesomeamongthecolleges,becausemanysuchinstitutionsareeagertoes-tablishsuchprograms.“Wesawveryquicklythatourfriendlycompetitors,pri-marilyIBMandDEC,hadgivenawaymorethan.$200-millionworthofequipmentinthelast12months,”saidDanielO’Luhan,collegemar-ketingmanageratApple.“Therewasno.wayforustocompetewithoutgoingintherenose-to-nose,andsay-ingwewillsponsorandsup-portlargedevelopmentproj-ectswithyou,ifyoubuylargevolumesofequipment.”Tnfact,oneoftheobjectivesoftheconsortiumwastokeepApplefrombeing“acedout”oftheeducationmarketbyIBM,O’Luhanadded.sThepossibilityofthathappeningisveryreal,ac-cordingtoGregoryMarks,specialassistanttothepro-vostoncomputeraffairsattheUniversityofMichigan.MarkssaidheexpectssalesoftheMacintoshattheAnnArborcampustoincreasenextfall,“unlesssomeothervendordoessomethingradi-cal.Oneshouldnotruleoutthatpossibility.”Hesaid,“Thereareacou-plelofhardwarevendors],Tmsure,whoarethinkingabout”tryingtoenterthehigher-educationmarket.WhileMarkssaidhehas“hadsomeconversations”‘plesueyn'],.Q‘sarqttiqedvsSurysaomjauYM‘sjooojordsngSule}shsYsozUlIBA]94}OATSTEyorsape2p84.ESRS38geeSEOReRasae?BBosSSseleRoreHeePEERESS325SHoBES>508BES33SoqogSg.8saaySSrsuSseso“BagssacSSrFg,o7BoesghFois8g#5eBBSee.fseoseBeebbseszas€&mreeekessesSfSARgekasrywaPoe2b”Sade2gSSikseasseOPEeSaaseeFejeyods‘saysoqurYSdaquiettpueuaurysoaya1}0N4V0‘NYO%Dsay}JOTTynoqeAyuo‘pa“aejossndureoayapweeqoaeyssopeatedersey“purpuegyynog‘AyssaatuQ0}pazaatyeuregejoNAyu‘paiepiosaysoqutoepA,axodsyey)spooy:4}Surjou‘presuvursAyIsdaatunB-ppeoy“losemoy‘wresSord-OB]WpeateveraneAynoeyOSTOost‘oweqoutTP-ynduroagJoyndurosos91ur94}Joz0y90nye“‘eutdsey]ydesPIOsueeqaavyYyso}‘T‘qaquopauedoa10js“UPB94}JOsitun,QGF07daynduiossyjexerqsouig-IpjuRysIsse.-Ofpres‘00F,,————————————guingApple’sConsortiumSalesProgramwithothervendorsaboutthatpossibility,headded,“Iwouldnotdescribeanyofthemrightnowascertaintodoit.”AccordingtoO’Luhan,“The[consortium]programisgoingverywell.Thede-mandisfarbeyondwhatwehadanticipated.”Undertheconsortium,studentsandfacultyat24participatinguniversitiesareabletobuyApple’sMac-intoshcomputerforpricesrangingfrom$1,000to$1,200.TheretailpricefortheMacintoshis$2,495(CRN,Jan.9).Applehas“thousandsandthousandsandthou-sands”ofMacintoshesonbackorderfortheconsor-tiumschools,O’Luhansaid,andthebacklogoforderswillcontinueuntil“wecomeoffallocation.”O’Luhansaidhedidnotknowhowlongtheschoolswouldremainonallocation,buthehopesdeliverieswillmovemoreswiftlybythetimethefallsemesterbeginsinSeptember.Hedeclinedtosayhowmanyunitsalreadyhavebeenshippedtotheschools.Thelackofspeedydeliv-eryalsohasbeenofsomeconcerntotheuniversitiesinvolvedintheprogram.AttheUniversityofMichi-gan,“over1,000”Macin-tosheshavebeensold,“butjustover100havebeendeliv-eredtodate,”Markssaid.AtDrexelUniversityinPhiladelphia,asimilarstoryistold.
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_Apple’s$40MMacAdEffortSetsNewStandardsForCompetitorsByElizabethGallagherCaginalpNEWYORK—WhileAp-pleComputerInc.continuestomakeadvertisinghistorywithits$40millionadefforttointroduceitsMacintoshcomputer,othercomputermakersexpectApple’scam-paigntoresultinlargerad-vertisingexpendituresandstrongerproductkickoffsforthecomputerindustry.|AlthoughfewcompaniescanmatchtheMacintoshad-vertisingbudget,companiesofallsizesplantoboosttheiradvertisingexpendituresasa-resultofintensifiedpromo-tionalcompetition,accord-ingtoarecentCRNsurveyofcomputermanufacturers.Inaddition,manufactur-erssaidtheyplantocreatestrongbrandawarenessofnewproductsbyconcentrat-ingadvertisingdollarsintheearlystagesofproductintroduction,andtheyde-scribedApple’suseofthatstrategyinitsMacintoshcampaignasahighlyeffec-tivemove.WhiletheMacintoshcam-paignwasapplaudedbymanycomputermakersasatrend-settingexampleofcomputer-advertisingexper-tise,mostsaidtheywillnotmimicApple’sstrategyanddonotexpectothermanufac-turerstoimitateiteither.AlanLefkof,vicepresi-dentofmarketingatGridSystemsCorp.,saidfinan-cialandoperationalfactorswillpreventmanycompeti-torsfromimitatingthewell-receivedadeffort.“Fromanoperationalstandpoint,heavyadvertis-ingisriskyforcompaniesthatdon’thavetheproduc-tionanddistributioncapaci-tynecessarytomeetcustom-erdemandgeneratedbythoseads,”Lefkofsaid.WhileApple’sadvertisingstrategymaynotbemim-ickedbyitscompetitors,onefactremainsclear:theMac-intoshcampaignwillhaveanimpactoncomputer-in-dustryadvertising.SusanGauff,directorofcommunicationsatFranklinComputerCorp.,saidthatalthoughtheApplecam-paignhasnotdirectlyal-teredhercompany’spromo-tionalplans,ithaspointeduptheneedforstepped-upadvertisingefforts.“Tfithasaffectedusinanyway,ithasmadeusawareoftheneedformorequalityad-vertisinginordertocompetewiththetremendousamountofnoiseoutthere,”shesaid.FrederickM.Hoar,vicepresidentofcommunicationsatGavilanComputerCorp.,saidthatwhileonlyahand-fulofcompetitorshavetheresourcestosubstantiallyincreasetheiradbudgets,generatingbrandawarenessisbecomingmoreexpensiveascompetitionincreases.“Thecostofawarenessisrisingsteadily,”Hoarsaid.“Noteveryonecanspendenormousamountsonadver-tising,butcompanieswillspendmoreandworkhardertocreateinnovativeadsthatwillseizemindshareinawaythatiscompetitivewiththosethatspendalotmore.”Inaddition,themanufac-turerssaidtheywillplacemoreemphasisonadvertis-ingnewproductsduringtheearlystagesofaproduct’sintroduction.Thatmarketingtech-nique,Gauffsaid,isparticu-larlyusefulinthecomputerindustryasadeviceforris-ingabovetheincreasingcompetitionintheadvertis-ingsector.HoarsupportedGauffsstance,notingthat“thefront-loadingofadvertisinginproductintroductionswillbecomeevenmoreofanorthodoxyinhightech,par-ticularlywiththeprolifera-tionofnewproducts.“Infact,”hesaid,“itmaywellbethemostsignificantbattlegroundforMadisonAvenuetoday.”AdditionalSoftwareWillBoostAlreadyStrongMacSales:Dealers(ContinuedfromPage1)percent[thenumberofMacintoshcomputers]overwhatIdonow,”saidasalespersonwithForsytheCom-putersInc.ofCreveCoeur,Mo.,whichsoldoutallofthe100Macin-toshesithadreceivedsinceJanuary.SaidDorothyJablonka,ownerofComputerMadness,Englishtown,N.J.:“Sales[oftheMacintosh]arephenomenal.We'resellingevery-thingwe'vegot.”Nevertheless,mostdealersbelievethatallocationswillincreasebyasmuch‘as50percenteachmonthbe-ginninglaterthismonth.Whathashamperedfurthersales,retailersnoted,isthelackofsuffi-cientperipheralsandsoftwarefortheMacintosh.“When[theMacintosh’s]‘100Days’areover,”saidasalespersoninaComputerCraftInc.storeinFortWorth,Texas,“peripheralsandsoft-warewillhitthestore.So,theMacwilltakeoff.We'llsellthemachineevenbetterwhenthere’ssoftware[available].”IfApplemakesgoodonitsprom-ises,dealerssaid,theMaccouldeasi-lygiveIBMCorp.’sPersonalCom-puterarunforitsmoney.Assoonasthesoftwareproblemsarealleviat-ed,theysaid,theMacshouldbegintoattractthelucrativecorporatesalesthathelpedIBM’sPCrisetoindustryprominence.Onedealer—PeterBernard,mar-ketingmanageratCTIBusinessProductsCenterinNewYork—saidhecouldsell100Macintoshcomput-erseachmonthjusttosmall-busi-nesspeopleifhehadthenecessarysoftwareinstock.Fornow,though,hebelievestheIBMPCbetterad-dressestheoverallbusinessmarket.“TheMacintosh,asitstandsnow,isatoyfortheavant-garde,where-astheIBMPCisastatussymbolfortheexecutive,”saidonedealerinBoston.ButotherretailerscitedtheMacintosh’s32-bittechnology,whichtheysaidmakesitasuperiorcomputerandwillultimatelyforceIBMtoproduceitsown32-bitper-sonalcomputerifIBMistowith-standcompetition.“We'reanIBM,aswellasanApple,dealeranddon’tevencomparethetwo,”saidoneretailer.“Apple’sMachastheonly32-bitmicroprocessorthat’savailable.AndIBMwillhavetocomeoutwitha32-bitprocessor.TheonlydrawbackistheMaccan’tuseaharddisk,soitisnotforbusinessuse.“TheMacsellsitself,”anotherdealersaid.“Peoplewalkinthestoreand,intwotothreeminutes,candrawonitorwriteonitwith[theexistingsoftware].WiththeIBM,peoplegetdiscouraged.{IBM’s]EasyWriterisamisnomer.”__RickWeir,presidentofCompleteComputerCenterofAnnArbor,Mich.,saidtheMacintoshhasestab-lishedAppleasamultiproductcom-|pany,andthatpeoplewillbein-\spiredtobuyApplesnowthatthere’s|a“family”ofApplecomputers.
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(ContinuedfromPage1)thattheMacintosh’sinitialsuccesscannotbeproperlyweighedforseveralmonths,especiallyconsid-eringthatsomereportsin-dicatethatApplehasexper-jencedseveralproductionglitchesatitsnewFremont,Calif.,facility.PartofMacintosh’scur-rentsuccessmaybeduetotheexcitementthataccom-paniesanynewproduct,an-alystssaid.FrankLeonardi,directorofretail-salesdevelopmentforApple,saidMacintoshsalesare“doingwell,”butaddedthatitstillwilltakesometimetocompletethebalancesheetsthatweighadvertisingandproduc-tionexpenses,andsalesfigures.“Wehaven'tbeenabletototalupwhatwe'veshippedandspent[ontheMacintoshcampaign],”saidLeonardi.ApplechairmanSteveJobshhadsaidshortlybeforetheJan.24unveilingoftheMac-intoshthathiscompanythought“theworld’sgoingtoJuryStillOutOnContributionsMacWmakeuptheirmindonMac-intoshin100days.”Meanwhile,WallStreetanalystsremainedmorecau-tiouswhendiscussingJobs’propheticvision.«fthinkit’sbeenamistakeforthesecompaniestolimitthemselvesto100days.Theyshouldletit[theMacintosh]buildupmomentum,”saidMatthewMeehan,ananalystwithSalomonBrothers.“Thebottomlineisthis:Wereallywon'tknowanythinguntilthefall.”NoFinalGradeSeveralotheranalystsagreedwithMeehan,citingthatafinalgradecannotjust-lybegiventoAppleuntilmoresoftwarepackagesareavailablefortheMacintosh.AccordingtoMikeMur-ray,directorofmarketingforApple’sMacintoshdivi-sion,about10softwarepack-agescurrentlyareavailablefortheMacintosh,withan-other220to250third-party-softwareprogramsintheprocessofbeingdeveloped.“Todrawanyconclusion,youhavetowaitformoresoftwareandwaituntilalltheeuphoriaisworke!throughthesystem,”saidDougCayne,ananalystwithTheGartnerGroup.“Theadvertisingisgoodbecauseitbroughtpeopleintothestore.1thinkit’sgo-ingtobeafabuloussuccess.”BarbaraS.Isgur,anana-lystwithPaineWebberMitchellHutchins,agreed,sayingthatitisbesttoseewhatsoftwarepackageswillbeavailablebeforemakingaprediction.“Rightnow,thereisnotenoughsoftwaretosaywhetherit’safullysupport-edsystemandcanbecom-paredwithothers,”shesaid.But,amidallthetalkofsoftware,onesensitiveareathatstillexistsforAppleconcernsreportsofproduc-tiondifficultiesatthecom-pany’snewfacility.There-porteddifficultiesweredescribedbyAppleasnor-mal“hiccups”thatshouldbeexpectedwhenrampingupproduction,particularlyatanewfacility.illMakeToApple:AnalystsApplehasexpressedhopesofproducing50,000Macin-toshesbytheendofthe100-daycampaign,andMurraymaintainedthatthecom-panyisaheadofschedule.However,TheGartnerGroup’sCaynesaidhewastoldbyApplethattherehadbeenadelayinreceivingshipmentsofautomatedma-chineryattheFremontplant.«20,000PerMonth”“TheyhopetohaveitworkedoutbyJune,”hesaid.“They'regettingthero-botsandeverythingelsefromJapan.Still,they'reprobablydoing20,000unitspermonth,whichain’tshab-However,Isgursaidsheheardfromathird-partysourcethattherehadbeenproductiondelaysbecauseofashortageofdiskdrives,andthatApplewaslookingtoasecondsourcefortheparts.Severalotherindustryob-serverssaidtheyheardthroughthird-partysources—or,insomecases,hadbeentoldbyAppleit-self—thatsignificantpro-ductionproblemshavecausedafour-weekbackloginshippingtheMacsystems.Therealsohavebeenre-portsofcomponentshort-agesandshipmentsofdefec-tivepartsfromJapan.However,LeonardisaidtherehasbeennocomponentshortageandthatAppleisalwayslookingforaddition-alsourcestoavoidunfore-seeableproblems.“Whatproductionprob-lems?”askedLeonardi.“There’sbeennoproductionproblems.”Leonardideclinedtore-leaseproductionfiguresortosayiftheplantisproducingaMacintoshevery27sec-onds,ashadbeenhoped.Hedidsay,however,that“ifit’isn’trightnow,itwillbeshortly.”Leonardiconcededthatthereisa“tremendousback-log”fortheentire32-bitline,whichincludestheMacin-toshandthreeLisaversions.But,headded,“Ihopethere’sonepiecewe'llal-wayshavebacklogged.”
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oof,‘AFairchildBusinessNewspaper*Wednesday,Aptil11,1Vol.5.No.15Apple’sMacintosh:CanitsucceedwithoutMS-DOS?BySelmaFriedmannlikethemanyotherperson-alcomputervendorsthatas-sureprospectivecustomersthattheirofferingswillrun“MS-DOS,”theoperatingsystemfromMicrosoftthathasbecomeanindustrystandard,AppleComputerofficialsinsistthatthe“Macintosh.”theirnewportablecomputer,willnot.MS-DOSistheoperatingsystemthatInternationalBusinessMachinesCorp.’s(IBM)PersonalComputers(PCs)anditsmanylook-alikes,use.NotrunningMS-DOSprohibitsMacintoshusersfromimplementingalargeamountofpopularapplica-tionssoftware.The20-poundportable,introducedwithalotoffanfareinJanuary,usesitsownoperatingsystem.Thisinsist-isgenerallyseenasanimportantsellingpointinthecomputerindus-try,asistheabilitytorunMS-DOS.Won'tHinderMacMacintosh,accordingtoMikeMur--ray,directorofmarketingfortheAp-|ple32division,whichincludestheMac.“WhatissignificantaboutMacversusthecurrentgenerationofcomputersliketheIBMPC,AppleIls,andother8-or16-bitbasedcomputers,isthattheyrequire20to40hourstolearn.Mactakesonetotwohours.”MurraythinksthatthemajorityofMac’spotentialusers,preferitseaseofuse,lowcost,smallCompatibilitywithIBMequipmentLackofMS-DOSwillnothindersmalltomediumbusinesses,willsizeandgreatutilityoveritsrivals.“We'llconsiderourselvesverysuc-enceongoingitsownwayhascausedsomeindustryspeculationaboutthecompany’sdirectionanditssuccessinthesmall-tomedium-sizedbusinessworldthatspokesmensayisMac'sprimetarget.However.someobserverswhohavebeenveryimpressedwiththeMac’ssmallsize,easeofuse.featuresandprice.ap-plaudthisstance.andseeitasastrongpointinMac’sfavor.‘Amongthefeaturesthathaveim-pressedviewersaboutMac,isitsus-erinterface—basedonwhatthecompanycalls“Lisatechnology.”Multiplewindowsthatdividethescreenintodifferentareasthatcanbeviewedsimultaneously,highreso-lutiongraphics,pull-downmenus,andamousepointingdevicethatletsusersselectfunctionsrepresent-edbyiconsmakeforeasyoperation.Userscanmoveinformationbetweenfilesandapplications.Unrelatedsoft-wareprograms,inMacintoshver-sions,canworkunderMac'soperatingsystem,asthoughtheywerepartofanintegratedpackage.Mac’sprice,compactsizeandporta-bilityhavealsobeenwinningpraisefromsoftwaredevelopersandindus-truobservers.cessfulifwesell250.000thissear.”headded.Over150sottwarecompaniesaredevelopingpackagesforMacaspartofasoftwaredevelopmentprogrambeguntwoyearsago.Appleexpectsabout500packagestobeoutbytheendofthisyear,andsays90percentofallsoftwarefortheMacintoshwillcomefromindependentsoftwarevendors.“Currently,thereisn'tenoughsoft-wareoutforMac.saysAmyWohi.presidentofAdvancedOfficeCon-ceptsCorp.Appleislookingtowardthefuture.andseesMacaspartofavanguard.“MS-DOSiswherethetechnologyis|today.”Murraysays.“butthetech-nologyhasnotfrozenwithMS-DOS.WewillnotputanMS-DOScardin-sideit.”Murraystressesthatthemainneedforusersistocommuni-catewithIBMmainframes,andMacintoshdoesthatwith3278emulation.AlthoughMS-DOSsoftwareisn’tavailabletoMacusers,thecompanyisencouragingindependentdevel-operstoworkwithittoredesignmanyoftheirpopularpackagestorunonMac.MMj
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SOFTWAREAppleSoftwareWillthirdpartysoftwarebetheke'Success?hesuccessofApple’snewMacintoshdependsinlargepartonitsacceptancebythird-pastsoftwarevendorswhowillwriteapplicationsprogramstorunonit.Recognizingthis,Applehasbeenconducting“anaggressiveseedingprogram”forthepasttwoyears,providingtechnicalandmarketingsupport.“Wewantthirdpartysoftware,”saysMikeMurray,Apple’smarketingdirectorforMacintosh.“Sofar,thesoftwareindustryisputtingtheirbestwritersonit.”Appleexpectstohaveabout500packagesoutbytheendofthisyear,andexpectsthat90percentofaltsoftwarefortheMacintoshwillcomefrom:theseindependentsoftwareven-dors.OneofthemisCreativeSolutionsfnc.,ofRockville,Md.,whichisde-veloping“MacForth,”aprogram-mingpackagethatallowsuserstoprogramonMacintosh.“Weworkedwithafotofother68,000-basedcomputers,”saysChiistineCofburn,president.“WeltheMac’suserinterface.Workingwiththemouse,ratherthankey-boardingmakesitveryuser-friendly.Weaisolikeitssizeandcompact-ness.Wetravelalotandit’seasytocarry,”sheadds.MegahausCorp.,SanDiego,Calif.willreleaseitsfirstprogramforMacintosh,“MegaFindes,”inMay.FullUseofWindows“We'vechangedthedesigntotakefulluseofthewindowsandpointingdevice,”saysPaulStannard,pres-ident.We'realsomovingour“Mega-Writer”and“MegaSpeli”programstorunonMacintosh,theyshouldbeoutaroundJuly.We'vehadafotofsupportfromApple.”HumanEdgeSoftwareCorp.,PaloAlto,Calif,wilimakeitsthreebusi-nessstrategypackages,the“SalesEdge,”the“NegotiatingEdge,”andthe“ManagementEdge”availablefortheMacbytheendofApril,ac-cordingtoJamesJohnson,president.“Theseprogramsareeasyiouse,aimedatexecutives:Atleast70per-centofourbuyersareCEOsorotherhigh-levelexecutives,action-orientedpeople,”hesays.“WethinktheMacwithitssmallsizeandnicedesignwillbeagoodexecutivecomputer,andthat’sourmarket.”Ytothisnewcomputer'sMacintosh’suser-friendlyinterfaceissomethingthatSoftwarePublish-ingCorp.designerslike.SigneOstby,marketingmanageroftheMountainView,Calif.com-panysayshercompanyisdevelopingcustomversionsofits“PRS:File,”and“PFS:Report”forit.“WethinkthatMacisaverygoodmachine,andthatthere'sdefinitelyroomoutthereformorethantwocomputercompanies(IBMandeveryoneelse’s),”shesays.ElectronicClipArtAnotherdeveloper,BarryYarkoni,vicepresidentofmarketingatBusi-nessandProfessionalSoftwazeInc.,‘Cambridge,Mass.,says,“Wehavede-velopedaMacintoshversionofour“ArtDepartment”product;that'sa#i-braryofelectronicclipart.”“Weareexcitedaboutitsspeed,graphicsandresolution.itenablesustodoproductswecouldn'tdoonothermachines,say,theIBMPC.”Headds,“Welikeitsstandardiza-tion;ourproductwillworkonanyMacintoshsincethey'reallaltke.And,welikeitsprice.Wethinkalotofpeoplewillbuy#,anditalsodoesn'tcostusanarmandalegtodevelopproductson#.”“Habaden,”adatabasemanagerthatusesicons,willbeavailablethismonthfromHabaSystemsinc.,VanNuys,Calif.AccordingteChazHaba,pres-ident,“Macintoshgivestheusergreatflexibility.Rightinitsoperatingsystemisaresourcemanageranda‘finder’thattakecareofintegratingunrelatedprograms.AsiongasfeyarewrittenforMac,youdoa’thavetomodifythemtoworktogether.”Headdsthat“peoplewon'tgetthefullimpactofwhatMaccandountiltherearealotofthemoutthere.”‘Timewilltell.WIN
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BarbaraKoalkintalksaboutMacintoshasoneof=thefirst“horizontalmar-ket”computers,equallyappropri-ateforbigorsmallbusinesses,homeorschool.Becauseofitshorizontalnature,ApplehasnoplanstodevelopspecialmarketingprogramstosellMacintoshtospecificverticalmarkets...withoneexception:collegesanduniversities.ThecollegemarketisextremelyimportanttoApplefortworeasons.Collegestudentsrepresentthenextgenerationofinfluentialcomputerconsumers,andit’stoApple’sad-vantagetoseethatifstudentsareexposedtoanycomputers,theyareexposedtoApples.But,moreim-portant,collegeshavetraditionallyleadthedevelopmentofsignificantsoftware.Forexample,BASICwascreatedatDartmouthCollege,andtheindustry-standardUCSDPascalwasbornattheUniversityofApartnershipwithacademiaSouthernCalifornia.Appleiswork-ingwiththecollegesitthinksareontheforefrontofnewsoftwarebreakthroughstoensurethattheirfuturecreationswillbeMacintosh-compatible.‘“Theyhavethecom-munities,thetime,andthewilling-nesstoexplore,’’saysDan’!Lewin,whoheadsApple’suniversitymar-ketingprogram,ApplehasestablishedtheAppleComputerUniversityConsortium,whichiseffectivelyapartnershipbetweenAppleand24U.S.collegesanduniversities.ThelatterincludesalloftheIvyLeagueschools,asprinklingofstateuniversitiesacrossthecountry,andotherwell-knowninstitutionssuchasCarnegie-Mellon,Northwestern,Reed,Rice,andStanford.InordertobepartoftheConsortium,acol-legemusthaveamasterplanforpersonalcomputersonitscampus.Mostareconcentratingonpersonalcomputerapplicationseitherinthearts,socialsciences,computerscience,orengineering.Eachinstitutionhassignedathree-yearagreementwithApplethatpermitsittobuyMacintoshesataspecial,reducedprice.Inreturn,eachagreestocompletequestionnairesandtoattendperi-odicmeetingsandsharewithAp-pleandotherConsortiummembershowitsprojectswithMacintoshareproceeding.EachuniversitymaysellMacin-toshestoitsfull-timestudentsandfacultyatcostormaymark-uporsubsidizethecost.Theuniversitiesmustprovidemaintenanceandsup-porttotheirusers.Dan’lLewinseestheuniversityworldasanewfrontierfortheper-sonalcomputer:‘‘Thisisaplacetogetacommunityofbrighttechni-calusersandlearnwhatwillhap-pennext.Theworkdonebyuniver-sitieswilldeterminealotofwhatbusinessdoesinthefuture.’”’J.Rstantlyincaseyourbosswalksin.OneotherfeatureworthmentioningisUndo.JustaboutanythingyoucandowithanyoftheMacintoshapplica-tionprogramscanbeundonebyclick-ingthe“Undo”command.Ifyouunintentionallydeletedsomething,ac-cidentallymessedupaproject,ormadeanyotherblunder,Undowilltakebackyourlastcommand.Aslongasyoucatchyourmistakebeforeen-teringanyfurthercommands,Undowillusuallysaveyou.Whatyouget.TheMacintoshsystemcomespackagedwithsystemsoftware,includingtheproprietaryMacintoshoperatingsystem,thesevendeskac-cessories,aprogramforcopyingdisks,andateachingprogramcalled“‘Guid-edTour.”Applepurposelydecidednottobun-dleanyapplicationsoftwarewiththesystem,asOsborneandKayprohave(althoughitwillincludetheMacWritewordprocessorandMacPaintpaintingprogramforalimitedtimeasanin-troductoryoffer).ApplelearnedfromitsoriginalLisa,whichwasbundledwithsixsoftwarepackages,thatitisinamanufacturer’sbestinteresttoletindependentsoftwarecompaniescom-petewitheachothertodevelopthebest46COMPUTERUPDATEsoftware.Bynotbundlinganypack-ageswiththeMacintosh,Applehasleftthemarketopenandprovidedastimu-lusforinnovationbyindependentsoft-waredevelopers.Ofcourse,softwareisalucrativebusiness,andAppleplanstobeacon-tenderintheMacintoshsoftwaremar-ket.AlongwiththeMacintosh,ithasintroducedMacWriteandMacPaint.Duringthenextyear,itwillannouncedozensofotherpackages,includingMacintoshPascal,MacintoshBASIC,MacTerminal,MacProject,MacAssem-bler/Debugger,MacintoshLogo,andMacDraw.The‘‘GuidedTour’’packageinclud-edwiththeMacintoshisfirstrate.Ithasaseriesoflessonsandpracticeses-sionsthatcanteachanewownerwithnocomputerexperiencehowtousetheMacintoshinaboutanhour.Thefirstlessonhasaseriesofdazzlinggraphi-calexercisesdesignedtobuildmousedexterity(forexample,yougettoleadamousethroughamazetoawedgeofcheese,pullflowersandrabbitsoutofmagicianhats,playagraphicalpiano,etc.)Theremaininglessons,narratedbyanaccompanyingcassettetape,ex-plainicons,pull-downmenus,fileoperations,andothertopics.ApplehassetanunusualprecedentinthesoftwareitissellingfortheMacintosh.Overthelastfewyears,pricesforseriousapplicationpackageshavesteadilyrisenfromanaverageofabout$100toanaverageofabout$400each.AppleisdramaticallyreversingthistrendbyintroducingallofitsmajorMacintoshsoftwareinthe$99to$125range.Italsohasnoimmedi-ateplanstoprotectitsprogramsfromcopying,believingthatuserswillhavenoincentivetopiratesoftwarepack-agesiftheyarereasonablypricedTheindependentsoftwarede-velopersIspokewithallindicatedthattheywouldselltheirMacintoshsoft-wareatabout10to50percentbelowthepriceofequivalentpackagesfortheIBMPersonalComputer.Mostindicat-edthattheirpricingwasbasedlessonApple’sleadandmoreonthepropor-tionallylowercostoftheMacintoshhardwareandthefactthatIBMusersareoftencompaniesthatcanpaymoreforsoftware.Independentsoftwaresupport.MikeBoich,amemberoftheMacintoshde-signteamwhosebusinesscardreads“SoftwareEvangelist,”’discussedtheissueofsoftwareindustrysupportfortheMacintosh:“‘It’sbeensaidthatsoft-===YourPorttoProductivityOne-StopPrinterShop.Whydrivefromcomputerstoretocomputerstoreevaluatingthefewbrandstheychoosetodisplaywhenyoucancompareallmajorbrands,features,andfunctionsconvenientlyfromonestopatThePrinterPort?IndependentThinBThePrinterPortisnotaffiliatedwithanymanufacturer,franchise,orchain.Yourneedsareouronlyconcern.Highvolumesalesandexperienceinrepairgiveustheperspectivetojudgestrengthsandweaknessesofallmodelsineachproductline.TechnicalExpertise.ThePrinterPortstaffiswellawareofproblemsanendusermayencounter.Wecanmakealmostanymicrocomputercommunicatewithanyprinter.WhenyoubuyaprinterfromThePrinterPort,youbuyaprintingsystemguaranteedtowork.Weoffercompetitivepricesandfullservice.Ourminimalover-headandhighvolumeallowustoProvideyouwiththebestvalueforyourinflationarydollar.AtThePrinterPortyougetwhatyoupaidforandmore,including:Printersales—in-storeandmailorderInterfacing—guaranteedoryourmoneybackCustomerIDnumber—authorizationtocallusfortechnicalsupportAccessories—ribbons,printerwheels,paper,sheetfeeders,switchboxes,cables,andmoreJustonestopatThePrinterPortandyou'llbeonyourwaytoproductivity.PRINTERPORThastheLargestPrinterShowroomintheEast.PrinterPort250-R.BusseySt.WearelocatedintherearofDedham,MA02026theEastDedhamShoppingPlazaat617-329-6008theintersectionofHighandBusseySts.asubsidiaryofNortheastComputerRepairCo.,inc.
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HandsonwithMacintoshUdBSona2Afterinsertingthedisk,Macintoshwelcomesusandtakesabout25secondstoloaditssystemsoftware.About20secondslater,MacPaintis6.huiyloadedintothesystem,andawindowappearsforan‘Untitled’?document.4WhenMacintoshisfirstturnedon,sitshowsapictureofafloppydiskwithaflashingquestionmark,promptingustoinsertadiskintothecomputer.Nowweseeourelectronic‘“‘desk-top.’”Thewhitecommandbaratthetopofthescreenliststhecategoriesofcommands.Thetrashcansitsatthelowerright.Thetoprightshowstheiconrepresentingthe“‘Demonstration”’diskweputinthecomputer.Thewindowonthelefthalfofthescreenshowsadirectoryofilesonthedisk.(EachfileisrepresentedTouseMacPaint,wemust‘“‘Open’’it.Wemovethemousepointeruptothe“File”categoryatthetopofthescreen.WepressandholddownthemousebuttontogettheFilemenu.Wenowslidethemousedowntothe“‘Open’”commandandletgoofthebuttontoexecutethecommand.Weslidethemouseafewinchesso«thatitspointerisontopoftheMacPainticon.Weclickthemousebuttonto“‘select"’theMacPaintprogram.Itsiconturnsfromwhitetoblack,confirmingthatitisselected.UoiIig861089Aqp96)jUBUAd:Althoughthisisaremarkablyver-satileprogram,weuseitforsome-thingextremelysimple:drawingasigna-ture.Notethatthesmalldotintheupperrightcornerofthewindowisthebrushweusedtodrawthesignature.4MacPaintasksifwe'dliketossavethefile,andweclick‘‘No’becausewe'veputtheneededsignatureinthescrapbook.Oncewe'veclicked‘‘No,”’ittakestheMacintoshabout20secondstoputawayMacPaintandreturnustothedesktopas‘iepacesweastWarandPeaceyinSckesensvteeBossesbreeWe“Cut”thesignatureontothe«clipboardbyselectingthe‘Cut’commandfromthepull-downmenuunder“Edit.”asanicon.)Thearrowatthebottommid-dleisthemousepointer.epulldownthemenuofories,whichappearsatthefarleftofthecommandbar,andselectthe“Scrapbook.”4Backatthedesk,weselectthe=MacWriteiconand‘Open’itusingthecommandinthe:4Alittlemorethan20seconds=pass,andMacWriteisreadytouse.Theruleralongthetopshowsmarginsandtabsettings,linespacing,andformat(Le.,centered,justified,orragged).It’scur-rentlysetforsingle-spaced,ragged-rightcopy,whichiswhatwewant4Nowwe’vegottenridofthecal-«culatorbyclickingthelittleboxinitsupperleftcorner,‘‘Pasted”theresultintotheletter,andfinishedtheletter.48COMPUTERUPDATE20Wedecidetochangetheentireslettertoadifferenttypeface.Wedragthemouseovertheletterandselecttheenice”’typefacefromthe‘‘Font’’menu2Thisparticulartypelooksbettersabitlarger,shoosethe14-pointsizefromthele”?menu.Thescrapbookappearsinthe4«centerofthescreen,andwese-lectthe“Paste”commandtopasteoursig-naturefromtheclipboardintothescrapbook.Weselect‘‘Quit’’fromtheThesignatureisnowonpage1:4isea«“File”menutoleaveMacPaintsofthescrapbook.WeclickthesmallboxintheupperleftcornerofthescrapbookwindowtogetridofthescrapbookastonwaranePascopoxsneedstatSista0eeeaeaTerspenciesreyeeprctiedterapgStanWebegintotNO:thatwe’vetypedthebooktitleinbold,italicletters.Wediscoverthatweneedtomakeanumericalcalculation,soweselectour‘‘Calculator”desktopaccessory.Wecuttheresultonthecalcula-storbyingthe“Cut’?com-mandfromthe‘‘Edit””menu.4Weentertheproblemintothe4scalculator,clickingthenumberstheywerebuttonsonwiththemouseaapocketcalculator.TrepeckcollectoraloofWramitPeaceyouwhefoeoiotconts435pleSpercontulearsnn$5.98forAap,fornndtalof$6.15.wceerfoepercentclassowand5.48for|sippingseteof$08.15.oucananderfromLacopteraesBulessoriesand‘‘Cut’’thesignaturefromthescrapbookontotheclipboard.29recallthescrapbookfromtheadeskToprinttheletterwechoosethe«*'Princommandfromthe”’menu.Macintoshhasanticipatedtheprintsettingswewant,soweclick‘‘OK,andtheletterisprintedoutinabout35seconds.We“‘Paste’’thesignatureonto«theletter,andourletterisdone.2MARCH/APRIL198449
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waredeveloperscareaboutthreethings,”hemused.“‘Installedbase,in-stalledbase,andinstalledbase.”’Apple’sfirststepingettingthein-dustrytosupporttheMacintoshstan-dardhasbeentopersuadeindependentsoftwaredevelopersthatMacintoshwillsellinthemillions.Ithasappar-entlybeenenormouslysuccessful,hav-ingalreadylinedupcommitmentsfrommorethan100leadingindepen-dentsoftwareproducerstodevelopMacintoshsoftware,includingsuchnotablesasAshton-Tate,DigitalResearch,DowJones,Lotus,Microsoft,EmployeesatApplede-scribethestyleoftheirnewpresidentas‘‘dis-tinctlyEastCoast.’’TheformerPepsiColapresidenteasilylivesuptothisrathernebulousdescription.Dressedinkhakicorduroys,av-necksweaterandtie,JohnScul-leyexudesYankeevalues.Eschew-ingshowinessandpretensions,andholdingseriousnessandsagacityashighvirtues,hehasmadehismarkontheSiliconValleyculture.Sculleyspeakssoftlyandthought-fullyaboutApple’scorporatestrate-gies,yetseemsdrivenbyanunderlyingfascinationwiththetechnologyandApple’sroleasatechnologicalleader.Sculley’sinfluencecanbefeltthroughoutthecompany.TheheavyairofhaughtinesssocommonatAppletwoyearsagohasallbutdisappearedamongmanagersandexecutives.PeopleareseriousabouttheirworkandfairlyrealisticabouttheformidablechallengesApplemustfacetoregainitspositionofindustryleadership.‘‘Heforcesyoutosharpenyourthinking,whichhasbeenterrificforallofus,”saysonemanager.JohnSculleyandIspokebrieflyonemorninginhisspacious,thoughmodest,newoffice.TheroomwaslinedwithdifferentApplecomputers,eachturnedonandeachrunningadifferentprogram.Sittingnexttooneofthecomputerswasanoscilloscopewithwirescomingoutofitssidesandasmallwaverun-ningacrossitsdisplay—thissym-bolizedtomeatruly“‘hands-on””executive.Hereisapartofourdiscussion.Manypeoplehaveperceived1983asadifficultyearforApple,whereit’sslippedfromnumberonetonumbertwo.What’sgoingtohap-penin1984?Weview1984asthemajortran-sitionyearforApple.We’vespentthelasteightmonthsdefiningaproductlinestrategywhichwe'reJohnSculley=valuestoTe|Nduloge\ddyJOAseYNOSO}0Ugcommittingourorganizationtoforthenextseveralyears.Wefeelreal-lygoodaboutwherethatstrategyisnowvis-a-visIBM,theJapanese,andeveryoneelse.WewanttotakeApple’sstrengthsandbuildonthem,butthereareclearlythingsthatwehavetododifferentlyifwearegoingtocoexistinanofficeworldwhereIBMhassuchanim-portantpositionwiththeirmain-frameproductsandthePCXT.Doesthe‘‘strategy’’refertoyourcommitmenttomiceandLisatechnology?Intermsoftechnologies,wehavenointentionofwalkingawayfromtheAppleIIproducts.Infact,wethinkwecancontinuetobeverysuccessfulwithour6502-basedproductsformostofthisdecade,butwe'regoingtohavetomakesomemajorenhancementstothatproductfamilytokeepupwiththetechnol-ogychangesthataregoingon—whichwe'redoingbyintroducingamouseontheIle,aswellasPro-Dos,ahard-diskinterface,andsomebusinesssoftwarethathasbeenavailableonlyontheIll.We'remov-ingtowardgatewaystotheIBMworldwiththeRanabox,whichletsyouuseeitherIBMorAppleIIdisksontheIe.We’realsogoingtohaveafamilyofCPUs,ratherthanasin-glegeneral-purposeIleastheonlyproductofthefuture.DoesthismeantheMacintoshandIlearegoingtocompetewitheachother?=SodamanbringsYankeeiconValleyIthinkmostsmallcompaniesandbigcompanieswithsmallofficeswillchoosetheMacintoshasaker-neloftheApple32system.TheAppleIIwillbeforpeoplewhoal-readyhaveAppleIl’sandwanttoaddmore,orforverticalmarketsthataregoingtoenhancetheproductwithspecialcardsorsoft-ware,orforverysmallbusinessesthatfindthespecializedsoftwaretheyneedamongthelargeamountofsoftwarealreadyavailablefortheI.Ineducation,weseetheAppleI—becauseofitscolordisplay,be-causeithassomuchsoftware,andbecauseitissowellestablished—beingprimarilyfocusedinK-12education.Macintoshwillbedirect-edatmajoruniversities,whereaswebelievetheywillstimulateatremen-dousamountofsoftwarede-velopment.HowdoyouplantotakeonIBM?WehavetoofferasystemfortheofficemarketthatisdemonstrablybetterthanwhatpeoplecanbuyfromIBMorIBMclones.Ithastobeabletodosomethingdifferent,doitbetter,andbeabettervalue.Wewanttohaveatotallydiffer-entorientationinthebusinessmar-ketthanIBM.WeacceptthatIBMisanationaltreasure:It’sasuperbly-managedcompany,anditdominatesthecomputerworld.ButwealsothinkthatAppleisoneofthegemsofthefuturebecausewearecommittedtoinnovation.Wethinkthatinnovation,properlytest-edbymarketreality,issomethingthatnotonlywillbuildagreatbus-inessforApplebutwillhelpdefinewhatthisworldisgoingtobeonsomeotherbasisthanIBM’sdefinitions.Ourproductshavetobesoeasytousethateveryonewantstousethem.Theyhavetodousefulthings.Andtheyhavetobeinex-pensiveenoughsothatyoucanaf-fordtoputthemoneveryone’sdeskwithoutworryingaboutthecost.J.R.50COMPUTERUPDATESierraOn-Line,andSoftwarePublish-ing.“Ourgoalistohave1,000soft-waredevelopersbynextJanuary,”saysmarketingmanagerBarbaraKoalkinEnthusiasmamongindependentde-velopersisrunninghigh.InaslideshowaboutMacintosh,MicrosoftchairmanBillGatesproclaims,“MicrosoftischoosingtheMacintoshenvironmentbecauseinthefutureotherenvironmentsjustwon’tbein-teresting.”’MitchKapor,presidentofLotusDevelopment,recentlycom-mented,‘‘YoucanrespectanIBMPC,butyoucanloveaMacintosh.”Gettingdowntorawnumbers,thesoftwareindustryistakingtheMacin-toshveryseriously.AtarecentApplesalesmeeting,BillGatespubliclystat-edthat‘‘Microsoftexpects50percentofitsapplicationsoftwaresalesinits1984-85fiscalyeartobeMacintoshsoftware."’MitchKaporisabitlessop-timisticforLotus,sincemostofits1-2-3salesaretoFortune2000com-panies,where“IBMistooentrenched.””AnotherimportantstepinwinningoversoftwaredevelopersisprovidingthemwithtoolstodevelopsoftwarethatexploitsMacintosh’ssophisticat-edmouse,window,andiconsystem.AlthoughApplebungledthisstepwiththeLisa—failingtoreleaseaprogram-mer’stoolkituntilmorethansixmonthsafterthecomputerwasannounced—ithasdoneastellarjobwiththeMacintosh.DeveloperspraiseAppleforthesoftwareithasincludedinMacintosh’s64KROMthathandleshundredsofuser-interactionfunctionsandforthecareithastakenindocumentingthesefunctions.Theoretically,developersshouldbeabletocreateMacintoshsoftwaremorequicklythansoftwareforothercom-putersbecausemuchoftheprogram-mer’sworkhasalreadybeendonebyAppleandstoredinMacintosh’s64KROM.Inreality,developersseemtogetsoexcitedaboutexploitingthepotentialofusinggraphicstosimplifyoperationandconveyinformation,thattheytakemuchmoretime.‘‘Becausethemachineissopowerful,wetendtogetcarriedaway,”saysJeffHar-bours,whoheadsMacintoshsoftware=Alongwiththeintroduc-tionofMacintosh,ApplethasannouncedthatitwilldiscontinuetheoriginalLisaandreplaceitwiththreenewsystems:theLisa2,Lisa2/5,andLisa2/10.ThenewLisassolvemanyoftheperformanceproblemsoftheorigi-nalLisaand,withtheMacintosh,formaproductlinecalledthe““Ap-ple32SystemFamily”(namedaf-terthe32-bit68000microprocessorinallofthesesystems).TheLisa2systemsarevirtuallyidenticaltotheoriginalLisa,exceptthattheyreplaceitsdualTwiggydiskdriveswithasingle3%-inchSonydiskandhaveimprovedsoft-ware.TheLisa2hasonlythe3%-inchdiskforstorage;theLisa2/5addsanexternal5-megabyteharddisk;andtheLisa2/10hasaninternal10-megabyteharddisk.Besidesthehard-diskoption,sixfeaturesdifferentiateLisahardwarefromMacintoshhardware:Lisahasa12-inchvideoscreeninsteadofMac’s9-inchscreen;Lisahashigher-resolutiongraphics(720by364insteadof512by342);Lisacomeswithanumerickeypadwithcursor-controlkeys;Lisahasbuilt-incardslotsforexpansion(theMacintoshhasnone):Lisacomeswith512Koronemegabyteofusermemory;andtheLisahardwarecansupportmulti-taskingsoftware(i.e.,multipleprogramsrunningsimul-taneouslyindifferentwindows).Lisa2:Mac’snewsistersJ9]NBWODe|ddyJoASeLNODO}0YdTheLisa2/40,oneofMac'snewsisters.Byaddinga$200‘‘MacAlike”disk,theLisa2systemscanrunanyMacintoshsoftwarepackage.(Macintoshes,however,cannotrunLisasoftware.)WhenrunontheLisa2systems,mostMacintoshsoft-warepackageswillautomaticallytakeadvantageofLisa’slargermemoryandvideodisplay.However,theycannotexploitLisa’smultitaskingcapabilityandwillac-tuallyrunslowerthanonaMacin-tosh,becauseLisa’s68000runsat5MHz—3MHvzslowerthantheMacintosh.TheimprovedLisa2softwareisessentiallyidenticaltotheoriginalLisasoftware,exceptthatitrunstwotothreetimesfaster.Laterthisyear,Applewillreleaseanewver-sionoftheLisa2softwarethatmoretightlyintegratesitsapplicationspackagesandaddsdozensofnewfeaturestoLisaCalc,LisaWrite,LisaProject,andLisaDraw.NotethatLisasoftwarerequiresaharddiskand1megabyteofmemory,sothatthebasicLisa2canhandleonlyMacintoshsoftwarewithMacAlike.Alsoslatedforintroductionthisyearisa70-megabyteharddisk,aversionoftheUnixoperatingsys-tem,andaplug-incardthatletsLisatunMS-DOSsoftware.ThemainproblemwithLisa2andtheApple32FamilyconceptisthattheLisaandMacintoshsoft-wareenvironmentsarenotcompat-ible.ALisa2canoperateineitherLisamodeorMacintoshmode,butthetwomodescannotcommunicatewitheachother,andthereisn’tevenasimplewaytotransferdatafilesfromonemodetoanother.Othersubtlecompatabilityproblemsex-istaswell:Forexample,theApplesymbolinMacintoshsoftwarereferstothedeskaccessories,whereasitisusedasacommandkeyontheLisakeyboard.ApplehasaformidablejobaheadtointegratetheMacintoshandLisasoftwareenvironments.Inthemeantime,itwillneverthelessgivetheimpressionthatthesystemsformacoherentproductlinethroughthepsychologyofitspric-ing.TheMacintoshwillsellfor$2,495,Lisa2willsellfor$3,495,Lisa2/5willsellfor$4,495,andtheLisa2/10willsellfor$5,495.Ex-ceptfortheLisa2,whichincludesthe$200MacAlikedisk,theLisasystemswillcomewithnosoftware.(EventheLisaoperatingsystemwillcost$300.)j.R.Stayacnehead
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52developmentatMicrosoft.Forexample,HarbourspointsoutthatMicrosofthasputagreatdealofenergyintodevelopingnew“‘cursors””fortheMacintosh.Normally,thecur-soristhepointingarrowonthescreenthatyoumanipulatebyslidingthemousearoundonyourdesk.Butinmanycases,thearrowbecomessome-thingdifferent.Forexample,itbe-comesawristwatchwhenthecom-puterisbusyandyoumustwait.IntheMacPaintpaintingprogram,thecur-sorcanbeturnedintoapaintbrush,pencil,eraser,oroneofseveralothertools.MicrosofthastakenApple’scursorsastepfurtheranddeveloped15cur-sorswhichitusesextensivelyinninenewsoftwarepackagesitisannounc-ingthisspring.InitsMacintoshver-AAtthetimeIsawMacintosh,=|therewereonlythreenear.‘=!lycomplete-softwarepack-agesreadyforit:Apple’sMacWriteandMacPaintandMicrosoft’sMul-tiplan.Eventheseproductswereonlyintestform;someoftheirfea-turesdidnotfullyoperateandtheywouldbomboutfromtimetotime.Sothefollowingcommentsshouldbetakenmoreassneakpreviews,ratherthanactualreviews,ofaselectionofMacintoshsoftware.Ifyou'reartistic,youcancreateamazinggraphicswithMacPaint’spalette.Ifyou'reunartistic,don’thopeformiraclesItappearsthatabouttwo-tothree-dozensoftwarepackageswillini-tiallybeavailablefortheMacintosh.Morewillarriveduringthecomingmonths.ButIhavetheimpressionthattherealbulkofMacintoshsoft-warewillnotbegintoappearuntilthe512Ksystemiswidelyavailable.IaskedseveralsoftwareproducersnotonApple'slistofindependentdeveloperswhytheywerenotcom-mittingtotheMacintosh;theyallcitedthe128KmemorylimitandslowdiskdriveasprincipalhurdlesthatmadetheMacintoshimpracti-calfortheirlatestgenerationofsoftware.Apple’sMacWrite.Thisisagood,solidwordprocessor.Itisoneoftheeasiestwordprocessorstolearn,andyetit’squitepowerful.MacWriteishighlygraphicalandlookatsoftwareheavilyexploitsthecapabilitiesoftheMacintosh.Beyondstandardwordprocessingfare,MacWritehasseveralinterest-ingfeatures.If,forexample,youchangethelinespacingoramar-ginsetting,MacWritewillinstant-lyreformatthedocumentandshowyouexactlyhowitwillappearinprint.Itletsyoudressupdocu-mentswithavarietyofspecialtypefacesandsizes.ButitsmostunusualfeatureisthatitpermitsyoutopastepicturesandgraphicscreatedwithMacPaintorotherprogramsintoyourdocuments.(The“HandsonwithMacintosh”’boxshowsanex-ampleofpastingasignaturewiththisfeature.)MacWriteishighlyusableandpowerfulforhomewordprocessing,butseriouswritersandbusinessusersmaybecomefrustratedbyitslimitations.Documentscanbenolongerthan9or10pagesandnowiderthan80characters.Itlacksspecializedfeaturesformailmerg-ing,columns,spellingcorrection,orhyphenation.Andithasapar-ticularlyannoyingflaw:Thereisnosimplewaytocenterasinglelineoftextinthemiddleofadocument.Asmentionedelsewhere,itcannothandlebackgroundprintinginthestandardorhigh-qualityprintingmodes,anditdoesnotsupportcursor-controlkeys.Initspriceclass,MacWriteisneverthelessagoodvalue.ItwillbesoldtogetherwithMacPaintonasinglediskforunder$200.(ThetwoprogramsarebeingbundledfreeofchargewithMacintoshforalimit-edtime.)Apple’sMacPaint.Thisprogramispossiblythemostversatilegraphic-designsystemeverdevisedforapersonalcomputer.Itgivesyouanarrayoftools:apaintbrush,pen-cil,eraser,spraypaintcan,paintbucket,hand,typesetter,lasso,MultiplanfortheMacissimilartotheoneMicrosoftcreatedfortheIBMPC.polygon-makers,andmirrors.Youarealsogivenapaletteoftexturesandpatternstopaintwith,aswellasamenuofbrushnibs.Eachtoolhasadifferentpurpose.Forexam-ple,thelassoisusedto‘rope’partsofyourdesigntomovethemaround.(Iwonderwhatthistoolwouldhavebeencalledifthepro-gramwasdevelopedontheEastCoast),andthepaintbucketisforfillinginopenareaswithtexturesorpatterns.Withinminutes,youfindyourselfcreatingincrediblyelaboratede-signswithMacPaint.Ifyouhavelit-Ueartisticability,MacPaintwillhelpyouproduceextravagant,in-artisticcreations.Ifyoudohavesomeartisticskill,however,you'llfindMacPaintanintriguingandusefultool.It’slikeawordproces-sorforgraphics—itcanhelpyoufo-cusmoreonexpressingyourselfandlessonmechanics—butit’snosub-stituteforunderlyingskillsIfoundoneseriousflawwithMacPaint.Itletsyouworkinawin-dowthatrepresentsa4-inchby6-inchsectionofapieceof8%-by11-inchpaper.Youcanmovethewindowaroundsothatitisposi-tionedoverdifferentpartsofthepaper.Butthewindowdoesnotau-tomaticallyscrollasyoureachitsedges,andnosingleelementinyourdesigncanbewiderorlongersionofMultiplan,forexample,Microsoftusesaspecialcursorthatap-pearswhenyouwanttochangethewidthofaspreadsheetcolumn.Thiscursorhastwotinyarrowspointingleftandright,tellingyouthatcolumnscanbechangedonlyhorizontally-ConsistentwiththeLisaandMacin-toshphilosophy,softwarefortheMacintoshiseasiertolearnthanequivalentpackagesfortheIBMPer-sonalComputer,duetotheinnovativeuseofgraphicsthatreallydomakeoperationmoreintuitive.ButhowdoestheperformanceandfunctionalityofMacintoshsoftwarecomparetoequiva-lentpackagesontheIBMPC?Mustyousacrificeperformanceforeaseofuse?TheindependentdevelopersIspokewithessentiallysaid:No,thereisnoth-inginherentintheMacintoshuserin-COMPUTERUPDATEthanthewindow.Asaresult,itisextremelydifficulttoworkwithde-signsthatarelargerthan4-by6-inches.Apple’sAlice.DevelopedforfunbyanAppleprogrammerinhissparetime,thisgamevividlydemonstratesthepowerandgraphi-calpotentialofaMacintosh.Inthegame,whosestarcharacterwasin-spiredbyLewisCarroll,youareAliceplayingchessagainstlife-sizechesspieces.Atthebeginningofthegame,youselectachesspiece;duringthegameyouarepermittedtomoveonlythewaythispiecemoves.Youarepittedagainstanen-tiresetofchesspieces;yourobjectistocaptureasmanyofthesepiecesaspossibleorcausethemtofalloooDon't66fooledbythecheeryfiguresofAliceandherchessopponents—thisgamecanmakemince-meatofyouthroughaconstantlymovingtrapdoor.Youreceivepointsforeverycaptureyoumakeandlosepointswheneveryougetcaptured.Theentiregameispresentedinthree-dimensionalperspectiveandmovesatblindingspeed.Pieceschangeinsizeandperspectiveastheymovearoundtheboard.Youmustbeagoodchessplayertosur-viveAlice;itthinksaheadthreemovesandplaysaverytoughgame.Ithinkthebestwaytoenjoythisgameistowatchsomeoneelsewhoisgoodatit;thegraphicsarequiteimpressive.ApplehasnoimmediateplanstomarketAlice,butonerepresentativethoughtitwouldeventuallybeavailableforunder$50.Appleprogramminglanguages.IbrieflysawearlyversionsofMacintoshBASICandPascal.Asmentionedinthemainarticle,bothallowyoutorunseveralprogramssimultaneouslyindifferentwin-dows.MacintoshPascalisunusualbecauseitinterpretsratherthancompilesprograms—whichmeansthatitiseasierandmoreinteractiveforthebeginner.Pascalalsohasahelpfultracingfeature:Youcanwatchaprogramruninonewindowwhileatinyhandfollowsthepro-gramlistinginanotherwindow,showingwhichcommandiscur-rentlybeingexecuted.BoththeBASICandPascaluseMacintoshpull-downmenusextensivelytohelpsimplifyprogramming.ApplehaspromisedtodeliverMacintoshPascalandanAssem-bler/Debuggerthisspring,andMacintoshBASICandLogothissummer.Languageswillsellfor$99each.Apple’sMacProjectandMac-Draw.ThesetwopackagesareadoptedfromLisa’sLisaProjectandLisaDraw.Bothwillbemorepower-fulthantheoriginalLisapackages.MacProject,agraphicalproject-managementprogrambasedonthecriticalpathmethod,willaddnewfeatureslikehourlyschedulingtotheoriginalLisaversion.MacDraw,designedprimarilyforbusinessgraphics(organizationalcharts,di-agrams,etc.),willincludesuchnewcapabilitiesaszoomingandrota-tion.Bothproductsareslatedforin-troductionthissummerandwilleachsellfor$125.OtherApplesoftware.TheonlyotherMacintoshsoftwareAppleiscurrentlytalkingaboutisMacTer-minal,atelecommunicationspro-gram.Applemayintroduceotherpackageslaterintheyear.Microsoft’sMultiplan.Thisisafast,full-featuredspreadsheetpro-gramthathascapabilitiessimilartoMicrosoftMultiplanontheIBMPer-sonalComputer.ItusesmanyofthespecialMicrosoftcursorsandtheQuestions|needanswered:MacWriteisasolidwordprocessor,althoughseriouswritersmayfinditfrustrating.company’sexclusivelinkingfeature(bothofwhicharedescribedinthemainarticle).Theprogramhasa63-columnby255-rowmaximumspreadsheetsize.MicrosoftwillselltheMacintoshversionofMultiplanfor$199.OtherMicrosoftproducts.ThecompanyispreparingtointroduceeightotherMacintoshpackagesbyspringtime.Chartisagraphingpro-gramthatincludesanextensivemenuofdifferentgraphtypesandoptions;itwillsellfor$125.Wordisa$195wordprocessingprogramthatMicrosoftofficialsclaimwillovercomethelimitationsofMac-Write(includingbackgroundprint-inganddocumentlength).MicrosoftBASICwillnotincludethewindowingcapabilityofMacin-toshBASIC,butitwillbedirectlycompatiblewithMicrosoftBASICprogramswrittenforotherpersonalcomputers.Itwillalsoinaugurateanew“‘mouse’’commandinMicrosoftBASIC.Thepackagewillsellfor$300.OtherMicrosoftproductswillincludeprogramde-velopmentaidsandbusinesstem-platesforMultiplan.SoftwarePublishing.Thiscom-panywillintroduceitslineofPFSprogramsfortheMacintosh.Theseriesofsimplefiling,graphing,writing,andcommunicationspro-gramshasbeenahitontheAppleTandIBMPCandwillprobablybeasignificantforceintheMacintoshworld.J.R.MARCH/APRIL198453
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terfacethatshouldreduceperfor-mance.However,developersdofaceseveralpracticalproblems,foremostofwhichisthe128Kmemorylimitation.‘Asaresult,theyhavehadtousesomesoftwarewizardrytocramtheirpro-gramsintotheavailablespace.Microsoftusesasophisticatedtech-niquewhereitkeepsasmuchofitsprogramsinmemoryaspossibleandswapstherestouttodisk.Forexam-ple,ifyouuseMultiplantodevelopaspreadsheet,theentireMultiplanprogramwillinitiallybeloadedintomemory.Asyouaddontoyourspreadsheetandusemorememory,Multiplanwillstarttoshrinkitssizebyputtingpartofitselfondisk.AsyourspreadsheetgrowsandMultiplanmustaccessthediskmorefrequently,theprogramwillslowdownsignifi-cantly.Theslow-downwillbeelimi-nated,however,on512KMacintoshes.Lotuswon’tcommentonhowitplanstodealwiththe128KrestrictionwithitsMacintoshversionof1-2-3.Perhapsitwillrequire512Kmemorytoexploitthefullpotentialof1-2-3.Applehasovercomethe128Klimi-tationinitssoftwarebycuttingfeaturesNestledbehindanofficeparkinFremont,Calif.istaplain-looking,unmarkedbuildinglongerthantwofootballfieldsthatgivesbirthtoanewintoshevery27seconds.DesignedbyAppleengineerGeorgeIrwinatacostof$20million,thefactoryisoneofthemostsophisti-catedeverbuiltintheUnitedStates.Havingtouredseveralpersonalcomputerproductionlines,Iwasimmediatelystruckbyhowdiffer-entthisonewas.Thetourbeginsinthefactory’splushoffices,out-fittedwiththelatestHermanMillerofficedesigns.Asseenfromthecontemporaryobservationdeck,theproductionlinesareairyandremarkablyquiet.Brightlycoloredpipesandmetalstructuresflankthewallsandceilings,givingthefac-toryacheery,upbeatfeeling.Butthereallyextraordinaryaspectofthisfactoryisthatitisdesignedmorelikealivingorgan-ismthanamanufacturingfacility.Itsdigestivesystembeginsinareceivingareathatconsumescratesastheycomeinfromtrucks.Thecratestravelonconveyorbeltsandelevatorstoanupperlevelwheretheirpackingmaterialsarere-moved.Thecontentsofthecratesareplacedintocontainersandsentintoacirculatorysystem.Asship-mentsofpartsarereceivedfromtheirmanufacturers,theyenterthesystemimmediately;thefactorykeepsnoinventoryofparts,andallpartsarrivepretested.Thecirculatorysystemuses500“carriers’’and,8,500“‘totes’’—custom-designed‘plasticboxesthateachholdacertainnumberofcom-ponents.The36-inchby40-inchby16-inchcarrier,forexample,canhold20videotubesor60chassis.Aliving,breathingfactoryThesmaller-sizedtotecanholdafewhundredchipsorafewthou-sandscrews,forexample.Oncecomponentshavebeenplacedintotheirtotesorcarriers,thesystemtransportsthemtowherevertheyareneededbyconveyorbelts,over-headhooks,orateam.ofrobots.(Therobots,calledAutomatedGuidedVehicles,caneachcarryoneortwototes.)Thecomponentscanbesentdirectlytotheassemborheldinatemporarystoragesys-temuntilneeded.Anexcretorysystemtakesgar-bagefromaroundthefactorytoaspecialgarbage-compactingfacilityoutside.Thissship-pingpalletsthatarrivewithpartsshipmentsandsendsthemtotheoppositeendofthefactorywheretheyarereusedwithcompletedMacintoshes.Italso.recyclesemp-tytotesandcarriersfromtheproductionlines.Tyingthewholeoperationtogetherisacomplexnervoussys-temthatconsistsofthreelargeminicomputers,severaldozenMacintoshes,andnearlyfourmilesofwire.Thissystemsendsinstruc-tionstotheAutomaticGuidedVe-hiclesbyFMtransmissionthroughadensegridofwiresimbeddedone-quarter-inchbelowthefactoryfloor.Italsohaslaserscannerslo-catedatkeypositionsthroughout.thefacilitythatreadbarcodesonthetotes,carriers,andprintedcir-cuitboards;thusitkeepstrackofeverycomponent'slocationinthefacility.Specially-equippedMacin-toshestestandtroubleshootcircuitboardsandsubassemblies.Theminicomputersrunmostofthemachinery,communicatewiththespecialMacintoshes,keeptrackofsupplierreliability.statistics,andhandleallaccounting.Inthemidstofthisliving,breath-ingenvironment,Macintoshesarecreated.Themaincomputercircuitboardandthevideoboardareas-sembledintwoparallelproductionlines.Theboardstravelthroughaseriesofstationswheretheircom-ponentsareinserted,soldered,cleaned,andtested.Thesestationsareallstaffedbyhumanworkers;robotsandconveyorstransportallcomponentsandfinishedsystemsbetweenstations.Becauseofthislatterfact,saysGeorgeIrwin,theentirefactoryneedsonly86wor-kers.Irwinestimatesitwouldre-quire350to400peoplewithouttheautomation.Aftertesting,theboardsmovetoanotherlinewheretheyareabledintothechassisandcasiwherethefinishedMacintoshesaresubjectedtoarigorous,24-hourburn-inandtest.Irwinsaysthathisfactorycanbetotallyautomatedwithonlytwoex-ceptions:thefork-lifedriverswholoadcratesintothesystemandun-loadfinishedMacintoshesattheotherend,andthetechnicianswhomustdoperiodicmaintenance.Someofthelessinterestingjobswillbegraduallyreplacedbyrobots,butmostwillalwaysbeperformedbypeople.“Youhavetolookatthecostbenefits,”’saysIrwin.‘‘RobotsCost$120thousandeach,andpeo-pleareusuallylessexpensive.”Theplantcurrentlyproduces40,000Macintoshespérmonth.ButiftheMacintoshisassuccessfulasAppleishoping,thefactorywillbegeareduptoproduce100,000sys-temsamonthbythisfall.Tomain-tainthatrate,itwillhavetobreathelifeintoanewsystemevery13seconds.p.R.54COMPUTERUPDATEQualityyouexpect,atapriceyoudon't.~BECKDOUBLEDENSITYDISKETTES->><<SINGLE'SIDED2°3373DOUBLESIDEDi2wPup€a.aeeoe|a&:elQurmessage.toyouJssimple.IfyoulikethequalityofDysan,Verbatim,3Metal,you'lllikethequalityof*ailsBecksoftsector,5/4”flexiblediskettes.Theonlymajordifferenceiscost:We'relessexpensive.Infact,alofless‘expensive.WhydoesBeckcostless?..Ourphilosophyis:Excellentqualityandreliability,atacostthatbeatsthejacketsoffotherdiskettes.Wecandoit,be-causewe(1)putourmoneyintotheprodu-notmega-marketingschemesandfancypackaging;and'(2)sellourmoney-saving25-diskettepackto:youdirectviaatollfreeorderline,soyou-getfast,door-to-door.serviceefficiently.Whataboutqualityandreliability?--AtBeck,oursugcess.asadiskettemanufacturerdepends_sUpONourabilityfoprovideyouwithafullyreliable,quality‘diskette.—everytime:ForthatreasonwetakenoshortcutsYougetthebestbecausewearecommittedtoexcellence.Everydisketteismanufacturédtoverystrictqualitystand-_ards.Wetestandretest21timesthroughoutthemanufac-=turingprocesstoinsurecompliancewithnolessthan42WhenyoubuyBeck,you’ve'gotthebest.BeckQuality.BeckReliability.And,ofcourse,BeckPrice.1D,softsector51/4”diskette$2.19each2D,softsector51/4”diskette$2.79each—-ForIBM,Apple,TRSand’'97%ofpopularmicrocomputers.~>OrderNovTollFreeOrderTollFree1-800-232-5634.Availablein25rigidspecifications.WemakésureyougettheveryBest—a100%certified,100%error-freediskette.zOursatisfaction\.money-backguarantee:andfull(ies‘warr-antyfare:proofofourcommitmenttoexcellenceandconfidenceinourproduct.(inNewHampshireco924-3624)Doorto.Doorin48hrs.’-OOOBECKIpackonly,plusfreight,Completewithhubreinforcingrings,Tyvekelivelopes,colorcodeduser:labels,afidnonmetalliceowrite.protecttabs..AllBeckDiskettesmeetor-exceedANSI‘Specifications.-
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outofsomeofitsproducts.Forexam-ple,theMacWritewordprocessorhasa10-pagemaximumfordocumentsandwillnotsupportbackgroundprint-ing(i.e.,itwon’tallowyoutogetaprint-outwhileyouaretyping)initsstandardorhigh-qualityprintingmodes.Microsoftclaimsithasavoid-edbothofthesesacrificesinits“Word”wordprocessingprogramfortheMacintoshbyusingtheprogram-swappingtechniqueBeyondmemorylimits,thelimita-tioninherentinasingle-disk-drivecomputer,andtheotherincon-veniencesdescribedinthe‘‘Macin-tosh’sshortcomings’’box,thecom-puterseemstoperformextremelywell.Infact,Microsoft’sMultiplanrunstwiceasfastontheMacintoshasitdoesontheIBMPersonalComputer(thoughJeffHarboursattributesthisad-vantagemoretoMicrosoft’sprogram-minglegerdemainthantoinherentad-vantagesintheMacintoshhardware).Microsoft,whichhasworkedclose-lywithApplethroughouttheevolu-tionofMacintosh,hasincorporatedafeaturecalled‘‘Linking”’intoallofitsMacintoshapplicationprograms.Link-ingallowsyounotonlytostoreinfor-mationintheScrapbook,butalsotostorewhereitcamefrom.Linkingad-dressestheproblemmentionedearli-erabouttransferringdatafromoneap-plicationprogramtoanother.YoucouldlinkasectionofaMultiplanspreadsheettotheScrapbook;asyouchangethespreadsheet,thescrapbookisautomaticallyupdated.Then,youcoulduseMicrosoftCharttomakeagraphthatislinkedtothespreadsheetnumbersin.theScrapbook.Thus,changesmadeinaspreadsheetwouldautomaticallybeinsertedintoagraph.ThisfeatureiswhatAtarichiefscien-tistAlanKaycalled“Pipelining”inComputerUpdate’scomparisonofLisaandVisiOn(seeComputerUpdate,May/June1983,pp.20-26).Linking,orpipelining,isdifficulttodescribeintheabstract,butyoushouldbeawareofitbecausethisfeaturewillbecomeimportantinthecomingyears.ConclusionsIsMacintoshgoingtomakeit?Ithinkso.Iwrotethisarticleoverthecourseof10daysonaCompaqcomputer(anIBMwork-alikesystem)usingtheWordStarwordprocessingprogram.Duringfourofthosedays,IhadaMacintoshsittingnexttotheCompaqtoverifyandtryoutfeatures.When56COMPUTERUPDATErelatedwritingprojectscameup(plan-ningaComputerUpdatephotoses-sion,listingquestionsIneededan-sweredbyApple,etc.),IfoundmyselfchoosingtousetheMacintoshinsteadofCompaq.AsIbecamemorehandywiththemouseanddiscoveredin-terestingwaystousethegraphicalfrills,Macintosh’sshortcomingsbe-camelessimportant.Applehadfinal-lywonmeover:Lisatechnologycouldbemadeusefulandpractical.HowdoesMacintoshrateintermsofthethreeissuesIraisedatthebe-ginningofthearticle?Itclearlyaddsfunctionalitytomanyprograms.Examplesarethemulti-windowedBASICandPascallan-guages,thedesktopaccessories(par-ticularlythecalculatorandnotepad),andthelinkingfeatureinMicrosoftproducts.Itdoesn’tgenerallysacrificeperformancewhencomparedtobench-marksystemsliketheIBMPC.Andit’sdefinitelyamucheasiercomputertoItstinysizewilldelightpeoplewhobelievethatacomputercan’tcomfortablycoexistwithallthegarbagetheykeepontheirdesks,learnandusethanoldersystems.Thereareafewexampleswherethetechnologyhindersperformance.Inmostcases,theproblemsarerootedinthe128Kmemorylimitationorthesin-gle400Kdisk—bothofwhichcanbe.solvedinthenearfuturewithaddition-alequipment.AlthoughtheMacin-tosh’svideodisplaysoftwareisagi-antimprovementovertheoriginalLisa,itisnotasfastasolder,lesssophisticatedsystems,whichcanbeproblematicattimes.Also,thediskejectionprocesscanbefrustratingandneedlesslytimeconsuming.ArecurringargumentIhadwithpeopleatApplewaswhetherthemouseisthebestinputtoolforallap-plications.Irepeatedlystatedthattherearemanycircumstances—particularlyinwordprocessing—wherecursorkeysareeasierandfastertousethanamouse.Mostofthemdisagree:Themousecandoeverythingcursorkeyscan,andit’seasieronceyougetusedtoit,theyclaim,Thisparticulardebatepromptedmetothinkaboutthesecondissue:WhethertheMacintosh’seasy-ttechnologyforcestheusertosacrificeusefulfeaturesofferedbyotherper-sonalcomputers.IdecidedthatiftheMacintoshalwaysofferedyoutheop-tiontodoanyoperationeitherwiththenew-wavemouseorwiththeold-fashionedkeyboard,thenyoucouldn’tcriticizeit.Inmanycases,theMacintoshdoesgiveyouthisoption.Forexample,whenyouaretypingandwanttoun-derlineaword,it’sarealnuisancetotakeyourhandsoffthekeyboardandselect‘Underline’fromapull-downmenuwiththemouse.Toaddressthisproblem,Macintoshhas‘‘expertkeys"—two-keycommandsthatcanbeenteredfromthekeyboardinplaceofthepull-downmenucommands.(Ex-pertkeysareequivalenttocontrolcharactersonolderpersonalcom-puters.)Macintoshoffersexpertkeysforsuchcommonly-usedcommandsasunderlining,boldprinting,cutting,pasting,andundoing.However,therearenoexpertkeysforcursorcontrolonthebasickeyboard,whichIthinkisamistake.But,thisisajudgmentforthemarkettomake.Ifenoughcustomerssuggestit,Applemightconsideraddingcursorkeystothebasickeyboard.If,however,cus-tomersagreethatthemousedoesthejob,cursorkeyswouldséemlikeanun-necessaryexpense.AnotherkeyfeaturethatMacintoshsacrificesistheabilitytouseadaisy-wheelprinter.Applebelievesthatitshigh-qualitydot-matrixprinterandforthcominglaserprinterwillreplacedaisywheels.ButIdon’tthinkthatbusinesseswillacceptthismove:Apple’sdot-matrixandlaserprintingtechnologies,thoughimpressiveandversatile,arenottrulyletter-quality.AsfortheissueofchallengingtheIBM/MS-DOSstandard,theconsensusamongsoftwaredevelopersisthatApplewillbesuccessful.Lotus'sMitchKaporbelievesthattheMacintoshwillholdastrongsecondplacebehindtheIBMPCandwillwidenthegapbe-tweensecondandthird.KaporfeelsthatIBM'scloutinbigbusinesswillmakeitdifficultforAppletochallengefirstplace—atleastinthenexttwoyears.Ofcourse,IBMisn’tsittingstilleither,anditsfollow-upproductstotheIBMPersonalComputerwillhaveamajorinfluenceonApple'ssuccess.Regardless,ApplehasboldlypushedthestateoftheartforwardwiththeMacintosh.Themachineisaspracti-calandversatileasitistechnological-lyrevolutionary.LiketheLisa,it’sdifficulttounder-standtheMacintoshjusthearingaboutit.Infact,itmightnotevenmakesensewhenyouwatchsomeoneelseusingone.Inordertounderstandwhatthetechnologyisallabout,youmustgetyourhandsonaMacintosh,rollitsmousearound,andbecomeabsorbedinitsgraphics.Evenifyou'veneverusedacomputer,you'llsoonfindyourselfcommunicatinginawaythatyou'veneverexperiencedbefore,yetawaythatmakesperfectintuitivesense.Andonefinalwordofadvice.Be-foretryingoutaMacintosh,putyourcheckbookinasafeplace.Withoutrealizingit,youmayquicklyfindyour-selfovercomebyabigMacattack.|SeNewcomputersinvariably(==haveshortcomings.Withi—theirnewfeaturesandtechnologies,ittakestimeforthemanufacturertoworkoutbugsandforanindependentsupportculturetofullyemerge.TheMacintoshhasimpressivelyfewshortcomingsforanewcom-putercrammedwithsomuchnov-eltechnology.Yettherearesomepotentiallyserioustrade-offsthatanyonenowconsideringbuyingaMacintoshwillhavetoface.Keepinmindthatmanyofthesetrade-offscanbesolvedinthenearfuture,butthesolutionswillcostmoremoney.Incomparingpricesandfeaturesofdifferentcomputers,you'llneedtofigureoutwhetherthebasicMacintoshisadequateforyourneeds,orwhetheryouwillneedtopurchaseextraequipment.Singlediskdrive.Forstoringsig-nificantamountsofinformationorforsophisticatedbusinesspro-grams,thesinglediskdriveisase-vereobstacle.AMacWrite/Paintdisk,forexample,haslessthan100Kofspaceforuserprograms.Moreover,makingacopyofoneofthesediskscanrequiresixdiskswappingsandmorethanfiveminutes.Aseconddiskdriveisavailable,butthe$495priceishigh.Thesec-onddrivemustbeexternaltothecomputer,whichenlargesitsfoot-printandmakesportabilitymoreawkward.Memorylimitations.TheMacin-toshcannotcurrentlybe.expandedbeyond128K—anda128Ksystemactuallyhasonly85Kavailableforprogramsanddata.Muchoftheseriousbusinessandpersonalappli-cationsoftwareavailableforothersystemswon'tfitintothe85Ken-vironmentwithoutseriouslycom-promisingperformance,features,and/ordatacapacity.TheMacintoshcanbeexpandedto512Kwhen256Kchipsareavail-able.Butthereisnoguaranteeofchipavailabilityorpricing.Noexpansionslots.BecausetheMacintoshcomesstandardwithsomuchhardware,thelackofexpan-sionslotswillbelessofaproblemforusersthanitmightbeonsomeothercomputers.However,itdoesmeanthattheMacintoshwillbeun-abletoaccommodateaninternalmodem,additionalmemory,videoboards,orspecialinterfacecards.Nocolor.AlthoughtheMacin-toshcanworkwithacolorprinter,itcannotsupportacolorvideodis.play.AnIBMexecutiverecentlystatedthathethoughtcomputersarenowwhereTVwas20yearsagoandthatcolorcomputerswillsoonbeascommonascolorTVsaretoday,becausecolorcommunicatesmore_informationthanblack-and-white.Ifthisiscorrect,Macintoshusersmayfeeldeprivedinthefuture.Nomultitaskingability.TheMacintoshcannotrunmorethanoneprogramatatime.Thecompetitively-pricedIBMPersonalComputerandclonesdohavemul-titaskingabilitywithcertainoper-atingsystems,thoughtheirsoft-wareislesselaboratethantheMacintosh’s.Performanceproblems.Macin-toshhasthreesmall,butconsistent,performanceproblems:itsdisk-ejectionprocedure,occasionalslow-downsinthevideodisplay,andsluggishnessmovingfromoneap-plicationprogramtoanother.Noneoftheseshouldbeamajorproblemformostusers.Nocursor-controlkeys.AlthoughSomeshoricomingstheoptionalnumerickeypaddoeshavecursorkeys,itappearsthatmostMacintoshsoftwarewon’trecognizethem.Thisproblemwillprobablybeanannoyancetofasttypistsandseriouswriters.Noletter-qualityprinting.Appleisnotsupportinganyletter-qualityprinterswiththeMacintosh.Thecompany’sdot-matrixandlaserprintersofferanimpressivepackageoffeaturesandgraphicalcapabili-ties,buttheir‘thigh-quality’’out-putprobablywon’tbeacceptedbybusinessesforcorrespondenceorimportantdocuments.Limitedsoftwareavailability.ThesoftwarenowbeingunveiledfortheMacintoshisfirst-rate,butthereisnotnearlyasmuchofitavailableasthereisforotherpopu-larcomputers.Inparticular,itmaybealongtimebeforesoftwareisin-troducedforspecializedappli-cations.IncompatibilitieswiththeLisaenvironment.Apple’svisionoftheMacintoshandLisaformingafully-integratedproductlineofpriceandperformancelevelsismostlyafan-tasytoday.TheMacintoshandLisaenvironmentsarecurrentlyincom-patibleandcannotcommunicatewithoneanother.Softwareslow-downonLisa.WithitsMacAlikesoftware,theLisaissupposedtobeabletoservethefunctionofaMacintoshfor“pow-erusers.”ButalthoughtheLisagivesMacintoshsoftwaremorememoryandalargerscreen,itslowsitdownconsiderablywithitsslow-ermicroprocessor.Lisaengineerstalkaboutahigh-speedprocessorcardfortheLisathatwouldaddressthisproblem,butthiscardprobe-blywon’tbeavailablethisyear.j.R.MARCH/APRIL198457
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COMPUTINGMarch1984USA$2.95Number87sh—yytheDistancewithTelecommunications
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TheMostPowertul$49.95CartridgeWordProcessorfortheCommodore64™t"Circle371onReaderServicecard.Wedon'tcarewhichcomputeryouown.Welllhelpyougetthemostuitofit.9;iennnceoamenempDntnNTheWRITENOW!WordProcessorprovidesyouwiththeeasiesttouse&fastesttolearnformatavailableforyourC-64.Itgivesyouthefeaturesyouexpectinaprofessionalwordprocessor&someuniquefeaturesnotavailableinanyotherC-64wordProcessor.WithWRITENOW!youhaveunlimitedrecallofoftenusedtext;globalstringsearchmakesiteasytofindorreplaceanycopy.Editingcopyismadeeasywithsimplecommandsandthefullblockcommandenablesyoutomoveordeleteblocksofcopy.Youcaninsertordeletetextatwillasyouscrollupordownthroughyourdocumentlinebyline,pagebyPage,oryoucanjumpdirectlytopidgeLaelSPELLNOW!30,000worddictionary.theoptionoftextcentering&GRAPHNOW!Fullfeaturedgraphicsjustification,alongwiththeuseofandchartprocessor.:multiplelineheaders&footers.*programoncartridge(timenotSeeacompletelineofAmericanPagenumberingcanbesetatthewastedloadingfromdiskorpeeoneomealatoporbottomofapageandfape).computerstorenearyou,today.eitherinArabicorRomannumbers.‘IM313Mathewson«Wichita,Kansas67214©(316)267-6525ejALSLOE*savetexttotapeordisk.*sendsany‘special’codestothePrinter—eveninthemiddleoftext(specialcodesare‘user-definable’).©optionaljoystickcontrolforscrolling.IncludedwithWRITENOW!isa100faFpluspageeasy-fo-understand4icient,Jinstructionbooklet—allfortheity&=)@@)<=]Manufacturer'sSuggestedRetail-Priceof$49.95.mriceOtherfeaturesofWRITENOW!_include:¢INTERFACESwith:MAILNOW!ProfessionalmailinglistProcessorfortheC-64.iiaactaRSNGC-64isaregisteredtrademarkofCommodoreIntemationalCircle369onReaderServicecard,cardco,inc.—_||||iiservicedesignedforthepersonalcomputeruserandmanagedbythecom-nsprofesssionalswhoprovidebusinessinformationservicestooveronefourthoftheFORTUNE500companies.Subscribersgetawealthofuseful,profitable,orjustplaininterestinginfor-mationlikenationalnewswires,electronicbankingandshopathomeservices,andhdfiraacommunicationsnetworkforelectronicmail,abulletinboardforselling,swap-ping,andpersonalnoticesandamulti-channelCBsimulatorYougetgamesonCompuServe,too.Classicpuzzlers,educ:al,sportsandadventuregamesandfantasticspacegamesfeaturingMegaWars,the“ultimatecomputerconflict”TolearnmoreaboutCompuServe,calltoll-free,800-848-8199,foranillustratedguidetotheCompuServeInformationService.ThevideotexservicematterwhichcomputeryouoCompuServeConsumerInformationService,P.O.Box202125000ArlingtonCentreBivd.,Columbus,OH43220199tnoniccali614-457-0AnH&RBlockCompany
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EditorialOffices80PineSt.Peterborough,NH03458MICROCOMPUTINGEDITORIALDIRECTOR‘WAYNEGREENPUBLICATIONSJeffDeTrayEDITOR-IN-CHIEFKeithThompsonSENIOREDITORDanMuseASSISTANTEDITORS‘TracyMayor,SheilaWrightTECHNICALEDITORJimHeidEDITORIALADMINISTRATIONJillHallEDITORIALDESIGNMANAGERSusanGrossEDITORIALDESIGNER*JoanAhernLAYOUTEDITORSPhilGeraci,MaurelleGodoy,SueHays,JudyOliver,PhyllisPittet,GlennSuokkoPROOFREADERHaroldBjornsenASSOCIATEEDITORSRobertBaker,ThomasBonoma,FrankDerfler,Jr.,MarkRobillardPRODUCTIONDIRECTORNancyADVERTISINGPRODUCTIONBruceHedinPRODUCTIONDEPARTMENTLahriBond,CynthiaBoucher,PatriciaBradley,FionaDavies,LindaDrew,MichaelFord,‘MarjorieGillies,MarleneMowbry,ScottPhilbrick,PaulaRamsey,LynneSimonson,KenSutcliffeFILMPRODUCTION‘TheresaVerville,DonnaHartwell,LaurieJenison,RobertVilleneuvePHOTOGRAPHY‘ThomasVilleneuve,SandraDukette,LaurieGerdos,NathanielHaynes,SturdyThomas‘TYPESETTINGSaraBedell,Manager;DarleneBailey,MarieBarker,PremKrishna,LynnHaines,CynthiaLetourneau,au,KimberlyNadent,DebraNotingLindyPalmisano,HeidiN.Thomas,SueWeller(CREATIVECONSULTANT‘ChristineDestrempesDESIGNMANAGERJoycePillarella4Microcomputing,March1984THECOLUMNISTS73QuickportandToolkit/326Publisher'sRemarksByWayneGreenPortablePrognostications8TheEditMode‘Apple,ThanksfortheMac12OverviewByFrankJ.Derfler,Jr.AToasttothePastAndtheFutureConstructaSingle-ChipModem32PET-pourriByRobertBakerMakeYourC-64ActLikeaPET[COVER:Macintosh|Macintoshga==-!,66Apple'sSaucyNewMicroTheMacintoshmayrevolutionizethemicrocomputingindustry.Thisarticleletsyouknowwhatalltheex-citement'sabout.ByKeithThompsonMac:ATemptingApple?Page66TwoKeystoMore32-bitSoftwareThesetwoprogramsareApple'sanswertothedemandformore32-bitsoftwarefortheLisa/Macin-toshenvironment.ByJimHeidTELECOMMUNICATIONS64TheStrongestLinkCopylink,fromU.S.Digital,isaflexibleprogramthatwillgetyouon-linetobettertelecommunica-tions.ByMartinMoore74SmartcomandPerfectLinkBattleBittoBitTelecommunicationssoftwarehascomealongwaysinceyouwereakid.Inthisarticle,ourtechnicaleditorcomparestwotop-of-linepro-grams.ByJimHeid96GiveLifeToTerminalProgramsTiredofdumbterminalprograms?‘Theauthortellsyouhowhegavesomesmartstohisterminalpro-grams.ByL.E.Bradley‘TheEpsonAlsoRisesPage82tobedumpeddirectlyfromtheH89diskthroughthemodemtotheremotesystem.Thecommandisusedwhentheremotesystemcan'tperformthesamekindoffiletransferprotocolusedbyCopylink.Call—ThiscommandmakesuseofCopylink'sabilitytostorenamesandnumbers.Ifyouhaveanautodialmodem,youcaninitiatecommunica-tionswitharemotesystembysimplyentering:CALLname.Camp—Ifaremotesystemdoesn’tanswer,youcantellCopylinktokeeptryinguntilaconnectionismade.Chat—Usingthiscommandislikelinkingtwoterminals_together.Whateverisenteredononeterminalwillshowupontheother.Filetrans-ferisn'tallowedwhenyou'rechat-ting.Checksum—Thisisoneofthreeerror-checkingprotocolsthatcanbeusedbyCopylink.CReturn—ThiscommandisusedtoautomaticallyreturntotheChatmodeafterafilehasbeensentorreceived.Custom—TheCustomcommandisusedtostoreacustomizedversionofCopylink.If,whilerunningthepro-gram,youhaveitsetupjustthewayyoulikeit,youcanstorethecurrentversioninafile.Delay—ThiscommandisusedtosettheamountoftimeCopylinkwillwaitbetweensendingcharacterstotheremotesystem.Delayisusedwhiletheslowflagisset.Edit—ThisflagallowsCopylinktohandlecommandlineeditingontheremotesystemwhenrunninginhalf-duplexmode.EOL—Copylinkletsyouspecifytheend-of-linestringsenttotheremotesystemattheendofeachline.TheEOLcommandshowsyoutheEOLstringinhexadecimalformat.Fast—Thissetsanotherofthethreeerror-checkingprotocolsthatcanbeusedbytheprogram.FastisaprotocoluniquetoCopylinkandcanbeusedforveryfastcommunicationsinalocal,hardwiredconnection.Filter—Thisflagisusedtolimit,orfilter,thenumberofcontrolcharac-tersthataresentarebytheremotesys-temtoreturn,linefeed,bellandback-space.Macro—TheMacromodeallowsyoutosendterminalcommandstotheremotesystemfromalocalfile.Monitor—EnableMonitormode.Thismodeallowsallcontrolcharacterssentbytheremotesystemtobedisplayedashexadecimalnumbers.Multiple—Thisflagenablesordisablesmultiplemodefiletransfer(transferofmorethanonefileatatime).New—Thiscommandisusedtoin-stallanewdiskonthesystemandtochangethestatusofadiskfromreadonlytoread/write.Normal—ThisisthethirdCopylinkerrorcheckingprotocol.Normalper-formscyclicredundancychecking(CRC).Printer—Enablestheprintertoggle.Iftheprintertoggleisenabled,enter-inga‘P(control-P)whilecom-municatingwiththeremotesystemwillallowinformationsentfromtheremotesystemtobedumpedonaprinter.Quiet—Undernormaloperation,filetransferstoandfromtheremotesystemareechoedtotheH89screen.Quietturnstheechoingoff.Remote—TheRemotecommandallowsCopylinktoacceptcertaincommandsfromtheremotesystem.Remove—Removenamesorfile-namesfromtheinternalphonedirec-tory.Save—Ifthismodeisenabled,infor-mationreceivedwhileinterminalmodewillbewrittentotheopenter-minalreceivefile.Slow—WhenrunninginSlowmode,Copylinkwillinsertadelaybetweeneachcharactersent.Thedelay{inmil-liseconds)issetbytheDelaycom-mand.TRetum—This_switchwill.setCopylinktoreturntotheterminalmodeafterafilehasbeentransferred.Turn—Thiscommandsetstheturn-arounddelayusedinhalfduplexoperation.Allofthesecommandshavetheirequivalentsinterminalmodeandareenteredasescapesequences.FloodsofDocumentationCopylinkcomeswithanalmostov-erwhelmingamountofdocumenta-tion.Alongwiththemorethan250-pageuser'smanualcomesacopyofTheCompleteHandbookofPersonalComputerCommunicationsbyAlfredGlossbrenner.Theuser'smanualisdividedintofoursectionsandanappendix.Thefirstsectionisentitled‘FortheBegin-ner."Thetroubleis—itisn’t.IsuggestthatU.S.Digitaleitherthrowthesec-tionawayorhaveitrewritten.Asauserwithsomeexperiencewithcom-municationspackages,Ifounditcon-fusingandmisleading.Iwouldguessthatacompletenovicewouldgetsoboggeddowninthecontradictionsandreferencestounknownfactsthathewouldgiveup.Theremainingsectionsoftheman-ualareprettywell-doneandaregearedtowardgettingthingsdone.Forexample,themanualtellsyouhowtosetupyouron-linephonebook,aswellashowtocustomizeCopylinktoyourparticularneeds.Speakingofcustomization,Appen-dixBofthemanualdescribesindetailtheportionofCopylinkthatyoucanpermanentlychange,shouldyousodesire.AppendixesCandDcontainlistingsofthe.ASMfilesthatyoucanmodify.OneofthemostinterestingthingsaboutthemanualisinAppendixA.Thecompanyplacedwellover500phonenumbersofbulletinboardsandelectronicmessagesystems—atrulyimpressivelist.SheerFlexibilityForsheerflexibility,theCopylinkprogramfromU.S.Digitalisawinner.Foreaseofuse,itcanberatedashighasanyother,andhigherthansome.Theonlyproblemyoumightrunintoissimplyrememberingallthecom-mandsavailable.Ifound,however,thatafterIhadusedCopylinkforalit-tlewhile,Icouldeasilyrememberthemostoftenusedcommands.ThepriceofCopylink($99.95)isright,consideringthekindofcapabilitiesyouget.Ifyouneedagood,solidcommunicationsprogram,IrecommendCopylink.ACapsuleLookAtCopylinkManufacturerUS:DigitalCorp.‘5699-DS.E.InternationalWay,Milwaukie,OR97222.PriceFullautoanswer/autodialcapabilities,any‘standardbitrate;built-intelephonenumberdirectory;helpfacility;filedeletion,copy-ingandrenaming;driveselection.SystemsSupported.Kaypro,Osborne,MorrowMicroDecision,OtronaAttache,Televideo802,HeathH89,FergusonBigBoard,IBMPC,ColumbiaData,COMPAQ,Victor9000,TRS-80Mod-elIII,Eagle,NorthStarandmore.Microcomputing,March198465
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Apple'sSaucyNewMicro|aemonthMicrocomputingfea-edapreviewofApple'sMacin-tosh,theheraldedmachinethatwasfinallyintroducedatApple'sannualmeetingonJanuary24,1984.SincetheMacintoshpreviewI'vehadtheopportunitytotestthemachineinMi-crocomputing'sPeterboroughoffice.ImustnotethatwhiletheMacintoshIusedwasaproductionmachine,thesoftwareprovidedhadnotyetbeenfi-nalized.NotYourOrdinaryMicroIfyou'vebeenusingmicrosforsometime,you'llfindthatMacintoshchallengestheusualconceptsofoper-atingamicrocomputer.Infact,neo-phytesmightevenhaveaneasiertimeusingthemachinesincetheyhaveneverhadtodealwithcumbersomeoperatingsystemsandtheirrelatedpeculiarities.You'llmarvelathow66Microcomputing,March1984TheMacintoshisdifferent,wellperhapsrevolutionaryisabetterword.SoholdontoyourchairsandreadabouthowMacwillshakeupthemicrocomputingindustry.transparentanoperatingenvironmentcanactuallybe.NowhereintheMacintoshoperat-ingmanualisthereasinglereferencetooperatingsystems,DOS,PIPoranyotherofthejargonthathasleftmanypotentialcomputerusersbaffled.Instead,Macintoshisdescribedinaneasilyunderstandablevocabularyofmetaphors.TofullyunderstandtheextendedmetaphorsusedforMacin-tosh,youshouldkeepafingerinthemanual'sglossaryatthebook'srearforfrequentreference.Mostoftheconceptsusedtode-scribeMacintoshwereintroducedwhenApplereleasedLisainJanuary1983.Sincethen,theLisa'swindowingtechnologyhasbeentheobjectofin-tensecompetitionamongmostofthelargestsoftwarepublishers.Inrecentmonths,softwareimitatingLisatech-nologyhasbeenintroducedoran-nouncedbyMicrosoft(Windows)andVisicorp(VisiOn).Toclarifytheconceptofwindows,let'sagreethattheydisplayinforma-tiononascreenthatislikenedtoadesktop.Youcanviewdocuments,editorchangethem,scrollthroughthemandmovethemaroundonthe“desktop.”Ratherthanreadandselectnumer-ousmenuitems,youneedonlytoin-dicateadocumentorapplicationrep-resentedpictorially(byanicon)andthecomputerwillopenadocumentandtheaccompanyingapplicationprogram.Thebasicconceptofwin-dowswillprovideuswithadeparturepointforafurtherunderstandingofMacintosh.Macintoshisitssize.Withinasinglecasearethenine-inchdiagonalmono-chromescreen,3¥2-inchdiskdriveandtwocircuitboards(theanalogboardwithpowersupply,speaker,andsoon,andthedigitalboardcon-tainingtheactualcomputer).Thekey-boardandmousearetheothertwostandardappendages,althoughop-tionaldiskdrives,numerickeypads,modemsandprintersmaybeadded.ThebasicMacintoshoccupiesnomoretablespacethanapieceofpa-per.Itresidesunobtrusivelyonadesktop.Itsdetachablekeyboardsnugsupunderthemachinewhennotinuse.Themainunitismadeofhigh-impactplasticinApplebeige.Housedwithinisamachinethatmayrevolu-‘AddresscorrespondencetoKeithThompson,cloMicrocomputing,80PineSt,Peterborough,NH03458.TheSizeSurpriseOneofthesurprisingthingsabouttionizethemicrocomputermarket.Withinthedesktopwindowthereareafewconceptsthatyoumustfirstfamiliarizeyourselfwith.Themouseisthemachine'spointingdevice.Whilesomeactionsofthemousecanbeimplementedusingthekeyboard,themouseisanintegralpieceofthismachine.Aone-buttoncontrolmakesthemouseeasytooperate.Thecom-mandstructureforthemouseissim-plypoint,click,click-clickor(inrarecases)shift-click.Learningthesecom-mandsisashortprocess.Themousetrackrequiresatleastfiveinchesacrossand3¥%2inchesdowntomovethecursoraroundthescreenfromedgetoedge.Realistically,though,asquarefootormoreisnecessarytoprovideenoughroomtomovethemousewithoutyourhavingtokeeppickingitupandputtingitdown.ThekeyboardisconnectedtotheByKeithThompsonfrontofthemainunit(whydosomanymanufacturersinsistonplug-gingintheirkeyboardsfromtherear?).Thecordiscoiledwithtele-phone-typemodularplugsoneachend.Itextendstoalittlemorethanthreefeet.However,havingitsofarfromthemousewouldprecludealap-topkeyboarduseformanyapplica-tions.Thekeyshaveasolidfeeltothem—moresolidthanmostmicroshavebeenoffering.Thereisnokey-clickoption,butthedistinctmotionofeachkeypresseddiminishestheneedforanaudiblesignal.Thebasickeyboardlayoutisstan-dard.Thereare,however,somestrangeconventionsthatmaytakesomegettingusedto.First,thereisnocontrolorescapekey.InterfacingtheMacintoshwithanothercomputermaybeunwieldy,evenassumingthatthecodescanbeemulatedotherwise.Microcomputing,March198467
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358KindiskBea&3'oeskScrapNotesJim'stetternecs.Ll&PriFieSd4MACPAINTHocFeviewHELLOHEARTremterPointingthecursortothediskiconandclickingwiththemouseactivatesdiskwindow.LondanAthensTorontoHicrocomputingMucrocomputingMicrocomputingMicrocomputingAphotoofasampleMacPaintscreen.Thefontmenuhasbeenpulleddown,whichallowsyoutochangefontswithinthetext.68Microcomputing,March1984tiletantArrangespecialmDiskiconshowingwhatdiskwasreadbyMacintosh.‘Thereisatrashcanttdisposeofunwanteddocuments.Notethemenubaratthetopofthescreen.Mac/Paintscreenshowingpaintoptionsontheleftsideandpatternchoice:alongbottomofdesktop.MacPaint'scontrolpanelletsyouchangesystemdefaults,suchasspeakervolume,repeatkeyrate,cursorblinkinglightandsoon.‘Therearetwokeysoneachsideofthespacebar—anoptionkeyoneachside,acommandkey(labeledwithaStrangelittledesign)andanenterkeythatisslightlydifferentinfunctionthanthelargerreturnkeythatresides=itsnormalplaceabovetheleftshiftey.Asmentionedabove,themainunitcontainsasingle3¥2-inchmicrodiskdrive.ThemediausedistheSonymi-crofloppy,thesamemediathatHew-lett-PackardcommitteditselftolastyearwithitsHP-150TouchScreencomputer.Forthosewhomaynotbefamiliarwiththe34-inchmicroflop-py,ahardplasticcase(%-inchthick)Protectsthemagneticmediacon-tainedwithin.Thefrontsideofthediskcontainsametalshutterthatremainsclosedwhennotinuse.Insertingthediskin-tothecomputeropenstheshutter,makingthediskaccessibletothediskdrivehead.Oneofthenicefeaturesofthismediaisaslidingtabthatfunc-tionsasawrite-protecttab.Shouldyoudecidetochangetheprotectstatusofadisk,youneedonlyslidethetab.Aholeinthediskenvelopegivesquickvisualindicationofwhetherornotthediskiswrite-pro-tected.Thechoiceofthisparticularmediaby:twomajormanufacturersmayquickenthefateoftheothermi-crodiskstandardcontenders,suchasDysanwhohasbeentryingtogainac-ceptanceforits3%4-inchsoft-envelopedisk.OnefactabouttheMacintoshthatissuretoevokecriticismisitslackofin-ternalexpansion.Infact,contrarytoAppleIIphilosophy,themachineissealedwithawarningnottoremovethecover.UnliketheAppleI,though,theMacintoshcomesequip-pedwithabuilt-inclock,twoserialportsandanexternalmass-storageconnector.What'sinitnowiswhatusersandprogrammerswillhavetoworkwith.ThemachinehastheMotorola6800032-bitchipatitsheart.Thechiprunsat8MHz—allowingittohandleitscomplexwindowingtasksinarelativelyshortperiodoftime.The64KbofROMcontainstheframe-workforthemachine'soperation.Therearemorethan500callsthatcanbemadeintotheROMtomanagethedetailsofthewindowdisplaysandpulldownmenusandtoorganizedisksanddocuments.ContainedwithinthisROMiswhatApplecallsthe''Finder.”’ThisFinderis,formostintentsandpurposes,thebuilt-inoperatingsystem.Ittakescareofopening,closing,copying,discard-ing,movingandrenamingdocu-ments.Itisalsoresponsiblefororga-nizingdocumentsonthedesktop,infoldersandondisksaswellasinitializ-ingandejectingdisks.SteppingThroughMacPerhapsthebestwaytounderstandtheworkingsofthisunorthodoxma-chineistostepthroughtheprocessofturningonthismachineandrunningatypicalapplicationprogram.Theacswitchislocatedintherightupperrear.Rockingtheswitchinitial-izesthemachineandperformsaquickself-diagnostic.Abeepindicatesthatthemachineisworkingproperly.Shortly,adiskiconappearsinthemiddleofthescreen.Ithasablinkingquestionmarkinitasitawaitsyourchoiceofdisk.Onceadiskisinserted,theMacintoshchecksitforreadability.Ifitisreadable,a‘smilingMacin-tosh’’iconappearswhilethediskreadisbeingcompleted.Asitisloading—infactwhenthereisanywaiting—themousecursortransformsitselfintoasmallwristwatch.WhenthediskhasbeenloadedintoMacintosh,aniconappearsontherightsideofthedesktop.Atrashcanappearsonthebottomrightofscreen.Alongthetopofthescreenisthemenubar.Themousepointercannowbeposi-tionedatopthediskiconandclickedonce.Thedriveactivatesandwithinafewsecondsthecontentsofthediskaredisplayedasiconsinthewindow.Itiseasytoidentifywhichfilesbelongtogether—eachisgraphicallylabeledtoidentifyitwithitsrespectiveappli-cationprogram.Forinstance,designssavedbyMacPaintaredepictedbyti-tlebelowasmallpallette;spreadsheetdocumentsareseenasminiaturespreadsheetsandsoforth.Ifyoupre-fersometraditionalmethodsofview-ing,movingthemousecursorandse-lectingtheViewoptionfromthemenubarwillallowyoutoarrangethediskcontentsbyname,kind,datemodifiedorsize.OneoftheintriguingfeaturesofMacintosh'swindowsisthemethodofmovingdocumentsaroundthewindow,desktoporfromdisktodisk.Thetermusedis“dragging.Torearrangethediskdirectoryscreen,thecursorisplacedoverthefiletobemoved.Themouseisclickedandheld,allowingtheicontobemov-edtoanywhereonthescreen.Filesthatarerelatedcanbedraggedtoafoldericon.Itisherethattheyarestoredtogether.Theanalogyistoamanilafolderwhereyoumightkeepasetofbudgetscreatedonaspread-sheetprogram.Whenyouwanttoseethefolder,youpointtoitandclick.Thefolderimmediatelyopens,show-ingthecontents.Thiskeepsthedesk-topcleanandallowsyoutokeepyourMacintoshfilesorganizedbysubjectmatter—muchlikeweattempttodoonourrealdesks!TakeaLetterIfyouwantedtotypeanewletter,youwouldpositionthemousecursoroverthewordprocessorapplicationiconandclickonce.Thediskdrivewouldactivateand,inafewmoments,thewordprocessorwouldbefullyfunctionalonthescreenbeforeyou.Acrossthemenubaratthetopofthescreenaresevenmenuselections.OneofthestrongestpointsoftheMacintoshisitshorizontalmenustructure;fromapplicationtoapplica-tiontheprocessofloading,savingandotherwisemanipulatingdatawithindifferentprogramsremainsessential-lythesame.ThisismadepossiblebytheextensiveROMarchitecturethatallowsprogrammerstoexploittheLisatechnologywithaminimumofadaptionfromtraditionalprogram-mingdesigntechniques(seesidebar).Fortheprogrammer,thissavestimeandencouragesprogramadaptiontoMacintosh.Onceyoumasterthebasictechniqueofoneprogram,otherpro-gramswillbestructuredinasimilarmanner.Whileyouareinanyapplication,youcanchoosetheApplemenu(it'sthelefthandApplelogooneverymenubar).ThisisreferredtoastheDeskAccessoriesmenuand,quitefrankly,thisitem,besidesbeingprac-tical,isalotoffun.On-lineatalltimesisacalculator,clock,keycaps(de-scribedlater),notepad,scrapbook,controlpanelandpuzzle.Selectingthecalculatorbringsacal-culatortothedesktop.Thiscalculatorwillfunctionusingthemousepointertodepresskeysoritwillworkbytyp-ingthenumbersdirectlyfromthekeyboard.Itishandywhen,inthemiddleofaletter,youneedtoaddupacolumnofnumbers.Thecalculatedanswercanthenbedirectlyinputintoanapplicationdocument.Anotherselectionistheclock.TheMacintoshhasareal-timeclockasstandardequipment.Theclockcanbeevokedandusedtodateamemo,leftonthescreentokeepawatchonthetimeor,asMacintoshitselfusesit,Microcomputing,March198469
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dateallfileactivity.Thepreliminarydocumentationmentionedbeingabletosetanalarm,althoughIcouldn'tfindthewaytodoit.KeyCapsanswerstheproblemofwhichkeystowhatwhentheoptionorcommandkeyispressed.Withthisoption,akeyboardisdisplayedonthescreen.Eachkeyislabeledastowhatcharacteritgenerates.Whenakey,suchastheoptionkey,ispressed,thealphanumericillustrationonthescreenchangestoshowwhatapar-ticularkeydisplays.Incidentally,thenumberofcharactersdisplayedisimpressive.Asidefromanumberofextras(the“tm’’and“reg’’andcopyrightsym-bols),youwillfindscientific,math-ematical,Greek,foreignanddiph-thongrepresentations.Ifthepropertableswereconstruct-ed,theMacintoshcouldeasilyinputdirectlyintophototypesettingequip-mentusingthespecialtypographicalsymbolsavailable.TheNotepadselec-tiondisplaysapadofpaper.If,inthemiddleofaprogram,youwishedtojotdownamessage,youonlyneedpulldownthenotepad,writeyournote,putitawayandcontinuewithyourwork.Thenotepadhaseightsheetsthatcanbeturnedbyclickingthemouseonthecornerofthepad.TheScrapbookallowsyoutokeeppicturesandtextthatyouusefrequently.By“pasting’’theminthescrapbook,youcanselectandusetheminmanyoftheotherapplicationprograms.Forexam-ple,ifyouweretodesignaletterheadusingMacPaint,youcouldpastetheletterheadinthescrapbook.Then,whenpreparingtoprintoutaspread-sheet,youcouldpastetheletterheadatthetopoftheprintedpage.Alittleimaginationwillyieldmanyusesforthisone.TheControlPanelfillsmostofthescreenwithgraphicrepresentationsthat,withtheuseofthemouse,willletyousetyourspeakervolume,re-peatingkeyrateandevenbackgroundpatternofyourdesktop.Mostofthesettingswillberememberedwhenthesystemispowereddown.PerhapsthemostfunitemontheApplemenuisthePuzzle.Thisisthekindwith15numbersina4x4gridnumberedfrom1to15.Withthemouse,yourearrangethepiecesinnumericalorder.Thepuzzlerescram-bleswheneveryoucloseit.AWindowonNewTechnologiesItisintriguingtoexploitthewindowtechnology.Alongeachwindoware70=Microcomputing,March1984twoarrows—oneatthetoprightpointingupwardandoneatthebot-tomrightpointingdownward.Byplacingthecursoroveroneofthese,youcanclickthemouseandscrollthedocumentupordown.Intheextremelowerrightcornerofthewindowthereisthesizebox,whichchangestheamountofspacethewin-dowoccupiesonthescreen.Bypress-ingthemousebuttononthesizeboxandmovingthemousearoundthescreen,thewindowcanbesizedineitherdirection.Whateversizethewindowisonthescreen,thecontentsofthewindowdon’tchange.Theon-lychangeisinwhatyousee.Entirewindowscanbeeasilymovedaroundthescreenbypressingatanypositioninthewindow'stitlebar.Thewin-dowcanthenbemovedasideonthedesktopuntilneeded.Withvariablesizewindows,youcanopenmorethanonefile,viewit,andcutandpasteinformationfromonedocumentintoanother.Onlyonewindowmaybeactiveatanyonetime,butanyinactivewindowcanimmediatelybecomeactivebymerelyclickingthecursoratanyplaceinit.Whenyouhavecompletedworkonyourdocumentandarereadytosaveit,positionthecursorovertheFilemenu,pulldownthemenuandselect“saveas...".TheFinderasksyouforafilename,thenthedocumentissaved.Ifyouwishtomakefrequentsaveswhileworkingonadocument,justpositionthecursoronanotheroption,Save,andMacintoshwillstoreyourreviseddocumentondiskasyoucontinuetoworkonit.ChoosingquitfromtheFilemenuwillremindyoutosavethefinalver-sionofyourdocumenttodiskandre-turnyoutothedesktop,whichshowstheentirecontentsofthedisk.Open-inganydocumentyouwishtoworkwithalsoactivatestheapplicationyouneedtodothework.AnyComments?Itmightbewisetomakesomecom-mentabouteachdocumentyoucreate.Toleaveacommentaboutaparticularfile,selecttheiconthatrepresentsyourdocument.ThenchooseGetInfofromtheFilemenu.Aninformationboxappearsshowingwhichdiskthedocumentresideson,itssizeand,atyouroption,whetherthedocumentshouldbelockedtopreventaccidentaldeletion.Withinthiswindowisspaceforyoutotypetwolinesofcommentsaboutthedocument.Thisinformationboxisquicklyavailablewheneveryouareintheapplicationdiskwindow,whichsavesyouthetimeofopeningmanydocumentstofindtheoneyouneed.Anotherfunctionthatisavailableineveryapplicationiscutandpaste.Macintoshcontainsaclipboardthatstoresinformationthatiscutorcopiedfromadocument.Sosomethingcutfromonedocumentcanbeeasilymovedtoanotherbyopeningtheotherdocument,positioningthecur-sortotheproperlocationandpasting.Thisworkswithgraphicsaswellaswithpassagesoftext.Asimilar,butseparate,functionisavailablewiththe"'scrapbook."’Thisdeskaccessoryhasalargercapacitythantheclip-boardandallowsmorestorageforgraphics,boilerplateparagraphsorletterheads.ShowingOffItsWindowsInJanuary,AppleintroducedMac-PaintandMacWrite,agraphicsandwordprocessingpackagethatshowsoffthewindowtechnologyofMacin-tosh.MicrosoftalsointroducedMulti-plan—thisapplicationalonecoulddoforMacintoshwhatVisicaledidfortheAppleIIseveralyearsago.Severalsoftwarepublishersarede-velopingoradaptingapplicationpack-agesfortheMacintosh.MicrosoftisplanningtointroduceversionsofChart,WordandFileduring1984.BarneyStoneofStonewarethinksthatAdvancedDBMastermaybeavail-ableinthesecondorthirdquarterofthisyear.Lotushasalsoconfirmedthattheyareadapting1-2-3totheMacintoshenvironment.SoftwareArtsisworkingonareleaseofitspfsseriesandThinkTechisdevelopingPascalforthemachine.LivingVideo-textisadaptingitsThinkTankforin-troductioninthenearfuture.Applehadselectedabout75soft-waredeveloperstosupportintheiref-fortstoprogramforMacintosh.Mostofthemdidn’thaveMacintoshes.Infact,theydevelopedtheirsoftwareintheLisaenvironment,thenadaptedittoMacintosh.RapidacceptanceofMacintoshbysoftwarepublishersisvitaltothelongevityandsuccessofthemachine.Theintroductionofsig-nificantapplicationpackageswillgivetheMacintoshanimpetusneverrealizedbytheLisa.AppleStepsAsideApplehasmadeitclearthatafteritintroducesninefundamentalprogramsMakesyourIBMPCtwiceasgoodforonly$299!YourIBMPCcanperformevenbetterthanIBMintended.Introducing:DoubleDOS—theSoftLogicSolutionthatletsyouruntwoprogramsatonce—withnodowntime.Whosaidyoucan’tdotwothingsatonce?Thismagicalsolutiontobetterproductivityisintroducedatonly$299.Plus—_there’snoneedforexpensiveadditionalhardwareorsoftwarechangesinyourPC.DoubleDOSworkswithDOS1.1or2.0,andyourexistingDOSsoftware.ToorderDoubleDOSorformoreinformation,callSoftLogicSolutionstollfreeat1-800-272-9900,ormailinthecouponbelowimmediately.AskforDoubleDOSatyourlocalpersonalcomputerdealer.DoubleDOS—andtheIBMPC—asolutionthat’stwiceassweetasarose!SoOFTLOGICSOLUTIONS530CHESTNUTSTREETMANCHESTER,NH031011-800-272-9900InNHcall627-9900DoubleDOSworkswithDOS1.1or2.0,andyourexistingDOSsoftware.Circle271onReaderServicecard.STREET——_CITY.STATEZIP.SENDTO:SOFTLOGICSOLUTIONS,INC.GHESINUTSTREET*MANCHESTER,NH03101
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forMacintoshitwishestostandclearforthird-partysoftwaredeveloperstoteallysupportthemachine.ThebulkofprogramsfromApplewillcatertotheprogrammer—MacPascal,Mac-Basic,MacAssembler/DeBuggerandMaclogo.InadditiontothepreviouslyintroducedMacPaint/MacWrite,Mac-Terminal(forusewiththeApplemo-dems),MacProjectandMacDrawwillbereleased.Mostoftheprogrmswillcostlessthan$100.Apple'sPeripheralVisionTherearofMacintoshcontainsthreeI/Oportsthatsupportexternalinterfacingactivity.TherearetwosimilarRS-232C/RS-422serialconnec-tors.Oneoftheseisidentifiedbyaprintericon.Asofthiswriting,theonlyprintersupportedbytheMacin-toshistherecentlyintroducedAppleImagewriterdotmatrixprinter.ImagewriteriscapableofanexactreproductionofMacintoshgraphicsandtext.Hopefullytheprinterbuswillbeadaptabletootherserialprint-ers.Whileconnectiontootherprint-erswillundoubtablysacrificethegraphicsoption,aletterqualityprint-erwillberequiredforbusinesscorre-spondence.Appleisdevelopingalaserprinterthatcouldgiveexcellentqualityforcorrespondencewhileal-lowingtheMacintoshgraphicscapa-bilitytobeexportedtopaper.AnotherRS-232C/RS-422connectorislabeledformodemuse.Applenowofferstwomodemsthat,withMac-Terminalsoftware,willgivethemachinefulltelecommunicationscapabilities.Theterminalsoftwarewill,withanadditionalhardwareac-cessoryfromApple,emulateIBM3270terminals.Tecmarhasalsoan-nouncedanintelligentmodemforthemachine.ThethirdI/Oportisreservedforex-ternalmassstoragecapability.Appleisofferingasecondexternaldiskthatisidenticaltothe400Kbinternaldrive.TecmarhasannouncedtwoproductstoexpandMacintosh’sstor-agecapacity.Applewillbeofferingafive-mega-byteharddiskwitharemovablecar-tridge.Inaddition,tocompensatefordelayswhileprinting,itwillbemar-ketingaRAMspoolerfortheprinter.Thespoolerwillbecombinedwitha512Kbdiskemulator.Theconve-nienceofthespoolerandspeedoftheemulatormakethisadd-onworthseri-ousconsideration.AnothersignificantoptionisbeingofferedbyTecmar;anIEEE-488inter-face.Withthisinterface,you'llhavetheabilitytoaccessthelargenumberofscientificinstrumentsthatarecom-patiblewiththisbus.YouwillbeabletointerfacethecatalogofHewlett-Packardproductsthatusethisbusastheirstandard.WaitandSeeThereisoneportthatisnotmen-tionedinthedocumentationIre-ceived.Iwasn'tabletolocateanyoneatApplewhocouldexplainthisplug,labeled‘’4channelsoundport.’’Theconnectioniscommonenough—itac-ceptsaregularmini-audiojack.Wewillhavetowaittoseeaboutthisone.Tecmar,asofthiswriting,hasnotreleasedpricesonitsperipherals.Inafutureissue,Microcomputingwillbereviewingthehardwareproductsmentionedalongwithpriceinforma-tion.ANewBreedofMicroMacintoshisamachinethatisfun.AsanAppleIIowner,Ifeltuncomfor-tableandevensuspiciousaboutacomputerthatissoeasytooperate.MissingwasthefamiliarApplesoftprompt—aPR#6beforereadingadisk.WhatIfoundwasamachinethatwassoeasytooperatethatmyeight-eSmamma21|SGaSI2Gag8]TheI/OportsoftheMacintoshshowing(fromlefttoright)theconnectorsforthemouse,externalstorage,modem,printerandfour-channelsound.72Microcomputing,March1984year-oldwouldconstantlypestermetousetheMacintoshwhileIwaswrit-ingthisreview.Withinanhourshewaswell-versedintheterminologyandinhowtousethemachine.Thistypeofeaseofusemaycreatesomeresentmentinthehackerinyou—themachineconsciouslyplacesdistancebetweenyouandtheoperatingsystem.IntheMacintoshcase,thetermusertransparentwouldbemoreaccuratethatuserfriendly.Macintoshrepresentsstate-of-the-artwindowingtechnologyatapriceyoumightpayforjustwindowsoft-warefortheIBMPC.Itsspeedandso-phisticationplaceitaboveanywin-dowproductsI'veseenforthePC.Itssizemarksitawelcomeapplianceonadesk.PlansforintegratingMacintoshintoanetworkedofficesystemcontainingaLisaatitsheartandMacintoshesonmostdeskswillappealtoalmostany-onewho,inAppleterminology,isa“knowledgeworker.'’Whetherornotyou'reinthemarketforacomputer,experienceaMacintosh.Ibetthatyouwillwantone!lllACapsuleLookAttheMacintoshManufacturer:AppleComputer,Inc,,20525MarianiAve.,Cupertino,CA95014.Dimensions:Measures13.5x9.7x10.9;‘weighs16pounds,eightounces.Processor:MC68000,32-bitarchitecture,7.8336MHzclockfrequency.Memory:128KbRAM,64KbROMDiskCapacity:400Kbpreformatteddisk;3%-inchdiameterhard-shellmedia.Screen:Nine-inchdiagonal,high-resolution512-pixelby342-pixelbit-mappeddisplay.Interfaces:Synchronousserialkeyboardbus;twoRS-232C/RS-422serialports,2304Kbitspersecondmaximum(upto0.920megabitspersecondifclockedexternally);mouseinterface;externaldiskinterface.SoundGenerator:Four-voicesoundwithS-bitdigital-analogconversionusing22KHzsamplerate.Input:Linevoltage:105to125voltsac.RMSFrequency:50or60.HzPower:60wattsKeyboard:58-keytwo-keyrollover,soft-‘waremapped;measures2.6x13.2x5.8;weighstwopounds8.5ounces./Mouse:Mechanicaltracking,opticalshaftjencoding3.54pulsepermm(90pulseperjinch)oftravel;measures1.5x2.4x4.3,weightsevenounces.\Clock/calendar:CMOScustomchipwith|4.5V(EvereadyNo.523orequivalent)user-replaceablebatterybackup.Price:$2495;Imagewritercosts$495(ifpur-chasedwithMacintosh).‘OneofthebiggestcriticismsoftheoriginalLisawasthattherewasverylittlesoftwareavailableforit.YoueitherboughttheLisaap-plicationseriesfromAppleoryoudidn’thavesoftware.Appleheardthecriticism—throughitsdeal-ers,throughLisaownersandthroughsalesfigures.Thecompany'sanswer?QuickportandToolkit/32.Botharedesignedtogetmoreprogramsrunningonelectronicdesktops.Toolkit/32letssoftwaredeveloperscreateintegratedsoftwarethattakesfulladvantageofthedesktopandwindowingenvironment.‘Applecallsita“genericapplication";thatis,alltheprogramcoderequiredtosupportthemouse,createwindows,displaypull-downmenus,usecut-and-pastefeaturesandsoonisalreadyprovided.Thedeveloper'sjobissimplytoaddthefea-turesthatmaketheapplicationunique.Foradeveloperwritingadatabasemanager,thatmeansaddingsortingandreport-generatingroutines(tonameonlytwo);forsomeonede-velopinganaccountingsystem,itmeansadd-ingthenumber-crunchingroutinesandsometypeofreportgenerator.Thisapproachmakesprogramdevelop-mentfortheLisa/Macintoshenvironmentaseasyas,ifnoteasierthan,programdevelop-mentforanyothercomputer.Programmersdon’tneedtoknowhowtowritewindoworcut-and-pasteroutines—allthathasbeenfiguredoutforthem.AlltheyhavetodoisfillintheblankstoendupwithanapplicationthatlooksassexyasanyLisa/Macintoshap-plication.SemicustomGeneric‘BruceBlumberg,managerofthird-partyproductsanddevelopmenttoolsforApple,comparesToolkit/32toasemicustom-builthouse,wherethebuildersuppliesthefoun-dationandframeworkandthedesignerde-terminestherest—color,decorandspecialfeatures.‘ThegenericapplicationisbasedonClascal,anApple-developedsupersetofPascalClascalisanobject-orientedlanguage.Thismeansthataspectsofaprogram—themenus,windowsandsoon—aredescribedasobjects.WhenwritingaprograminClascal,youfirstdefinetheobjectandthenspecifyhowtheobjectsinteractwitheachother.TherealpowerofClascalliesinthefactthatobjectscanautomaticallyinheritthegen-eralcharacteristicsofpreviouslydefinedob--jects.|QuickportandToolkit/32:TwoKeystoMore32-bitSoftwareClascaldescriptionsofalltheobjectsusedintheLisa/Macintoshenvironmentarein-includedingenericapplications.Thesede-scriptionsareinheritedbyapplicationsdevelopedunderToolkit/32.Toolkit/32alsocontainswhatApplecalls“buildingblocks",whichareClascaldescrip-tionsthatcontaintheLisa/Macintoshbasicgraphics,texteditinganddialogfunctions.Buildingblockscanbeusedbydeveloperstocreategraphics,wordprocessingcapabilitiesandmessagesfortheirprograms.AccordingtoBlumberg,Toolkit/32hasbeenpraisedbysoftwaredevelopersanxioustoclimbaboardtheelectronicdesktop.Togivethemthefinalboost,Appleisofferingone-weektrainingclassestoqualifieddevel-opers.Graduatesofthe$1200coursereceiveToolkit/32softwareanddocumentationandperiodicupdatespluspersonalsupportfromaqualifiedengineerforoneyear.QuickportQuickport,soontobeavailableforLisa,ProvidesaneveneasierwaytogetprogramsrunningundertheLisaenvironment.Quick-portletsyouadaptprogramswritteninPas-cal,Cobol,BasicPlusandotherlanguagestotheLisadesktop.Onceadapted,aprogramhasitsownwindow,iconandstationerypad(usedforcreatingdocuments}.Youcanthenscroll,resize,openandclosethewindow,usethesameprintfunctionsastheLisaapplications,cutandpastebetweenapplicationsandhaveanynumberofwin-dowsopenonthedesktop.Whenrunning,theprogramsthemselveswilllookmuchliketheydidbeforebeingadapted.Quickportismostusefulforprogramsthatdon’tneedthepull-downmenusandgraph-icsprovidedbytheLisaenvironment.It'llbeespeciallyvaluabletocompaniesthatarerun-ning(andrelyingon)existingprogramsbutwanttobeabletousethemontheirnewLisaswithouthavingtodoanyrewriting.TakeaStepQuickportandToolkit/32showthatAppleistakingstepstoremedyoneofthebiggestproblemstheLisafaced—lackofsoftware.WiththeadditionofLisa2andMacintoshto.their32-bitfamily,andwiththeinterestshownbythe75orsodevelopersnowwork-ingwiththemachines,it'ssafetosaythatAp-ple's32-bitsoftwareblueswillsoonbeathingofthepast.JH.AGlossaryOfTermsForMacintosh:ActiveWindow:Theforemostwindowonthedesktop,thewindowwherethenextac-tionwilltakeplace.Click:Positionthepointerwiththemouseandpressandquicklyreleasethebutton.Clipboard:Thetemporaryholdingplacefor‘whatwaslastcutorcopied.ControlPanel:Adeskaccessorythatletsyouchangespeakervolume,thekeyboarddelayandrepeatspeed,andotherpreferences.Cut:ToremovesomethingbyselectingitandchoosingCutfromthemenu.DeskAccessories:‘‘Mini-Applications’thatareavailablefromtheApplemenuregard-lessofwhatapplicationyouareusing.Ex-amplesaretheCalculator,NotePad,ClockandPuzzle.Desktop:Macintosh'sworkingenviron-ment—thescreendisplay.DialogBox:Aboxcontainingamessagere-questingmoreinformationfromyou.Drag:Positionthepointeronsomething,pressandholdthemousebutton,movethemouseandreleasethebutton.Whenyoure-leasethemousebutton,youeitherconfirmaselectionormoveanobjecttoanewlocation.Finder:Anapplicationthat'salwaysavail-ablefromthedesktop.Youuseittomanagedocumentsandapplicationsandtoaccessdisks.Folder:Aholderofdocumentsandapplica-tionsonthedesktop.Foldersallowyoutoor-ganizeinformationinanywayyouwant.Icon:Agraphicrepresentationofanobject,aconceptoramessage.Iconsareoftenmes-sagesassociatedwiththefinder.Menu:Alistofcommandsthatappearswhenyoupointtoandpressthemenutitleinthemenubar.Draggingthroughthemenuandreleasingthemousebuttonwhileamenuitemishighlightedchoosesthatitem.Paste:UsedtorepositionthecontentsoftheClipboard—whateverwaslastcutotcopied.Scrapbook:Adeskaccessorywhereyousavefrequentlyusedpicturesorpassagesoftext.Scroll:Tomoveadocumentordirectoryinitswindowsothatdifferentpartofitisvisible.ScrollArrow:Anarrowoneitherendofthescrollbar.Clickingascrollarrowmovesthedocumentordirectoryoneline.Pressingaserollarrowscrollsthedocumentcontinu-ously.ScrollBar:Arectangularbarthatmaybealongtherightorbottomofawindow.Click-ingordragginginthescrollbarcausestheviewofthedocumenttochange.SizeBox:Aboxonthebottomrightofsomeactivewindowsthatletsyoucontrolthesizeofthewindow.Microcomputing,March198473
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49278SpecialReport:ExpandabilityMay1984$3.95HARDWARESOFTWAREPERIPHERALSBUYER'SGUIDEBANDHANDBOOK4ccéssoriesEverythingyouneedtoknowtobuytherightcomputersystemSmartcomandPerfectLinkBattleBittoBitTelecommunicationssoftwarehasevolvedovertheyears,Evidenceofthisevolutioncanbeseenintwoofthetelecommunicationpackagesonthemarket:SmartcomIIBe.telecommunicationsprogramssurehavecomealongwaysinceIwasakid.Itusedtobethatyourter-minalprogramwassmartifitcouldmerelysenddatatoyourprinterasitwasreceived.Ifyoudidn'tprintahardcopyofyourcommunication,whateverinformationyouexchangedvanishedasthescreenscrolled.Ifyourprinterwasslow,youlostthefirstwordortwoofeachline.Addtothistheburdenofuser-hostility—nomenusandcrypticcontrol-keyse-quences—andtelecommunicatingbe-cameachore,notapleasure.Allthathaschanged.Anewclassofteallysophisticatedtelecommunica-tionspackagesisonthemarket,thankstoafewnewdevelopments.Computermemoriesaregrowingbe-causeoflowerchippricesand16-bitCPUs.Informationservicesandbulle-tinboardsproliferate.Modempricesarefalling,puttingmodemsinmorehandsandmakingtelecommunica-tionsprogramslucrativepursuitsforsoftwaredevelopers.You'reNotaKidAnymore...PerfectSoftware'sPerfectLinkandHayesMicrocomputer_Products’SmartcomIIaretworecententriestothenewclass.BotharepowerfulpackagesthatmakemegladI'mnotakidanymore.TtookalonglookattheIBMPCver-sionsofPerfectLinkandSmartcomII.ItestedbothprogramsonanIBMPCandonaCompaqPlus,underbothDOS1.1and2.0.ThemodemusedisthenewHayesSmartmodem1200B(seethesidebar‘‘APlug-InSmart-74Microcomputing,March1984ByJimHeidmodemfortheIBMPC").IputbothProgramsthroughtheirpacesforabouttwomonths,usingthemtoac-cessTheSource,CompuServeandnumerousbulletinboardsystems.Bothperformedwell,butSmartcomIIcameoutontop.IthasanelegancethatPerfectLinklacks;itseemsbetterthought-out,hasfarmoreon-linehelpandiseasiertouse.FeaturesonParadeTheCapsuleLooklistswhateachsystemneedstorunandwhateachcosts.PerfectLinkwillbeavailablesoonforCP/MandotherMSDOSma-chines;SmartcomIIisalsoavailablefortheWangProfessional,theTexasInstrumentsProfessionalandtheDECRainbow.Likejustabouteverytelecommuni-cationspackage,bothprogramsletyouadjustthecommunicationspa-rameters.PerfectLinkhasSmartcomIIbeathere.SmartcomIIsupportsbitratesof110,300and1200bitspersec-ond(bps);PerfectLinksupports110,150,300,600,1200,2400,4800and9600bpsoperation.BecausePerfectLinksupportsbitratesupto9600bps,you'llprobablyfinditmoreusefulthanSmartcomIIforfiletransfersbe-tweenhard-wiredcomputers.Besidesbit-rateadjustments,bothprogramsletyoudefinewordlengthanddataformat.PerfectLinkisagainmoreversatile.Itsupportsfive-througheight-bitwords,withoneortwostopbitsandeven,oddornoparity.SmartcomIIsupportsseven-oreight-bitwords,withoneortwostopandPerfectLink.Inthisarticle,technicaleditorJimHeidcomparesthegoodandthebaudofeachprogram.bitsandeven,oddornoparity.Al-thoughPerfectLinkismoreversatileinthisdepartment,mosttelecommu-nicationtakesplaceusingseven-oreight-bitwords,sotheextraversatilityprobablywon'tmeanmuchinyourday-to-dayoperation.BothprogramssupportintelligentmodemsliketheHayesSmartmodem,butSmartcomIIsupportsthemalittlebetter.Whilebothcanautomaticallydialanumberusingpulsedialing,SmartcomIIalsosupportstouch-tonedialing.YoucanalsotellSmartcomITtoredialanumberuntilithearsacar-riertone;PerfectLinkhasnosuchfea-ture.SmartcomIIcanalsoautomati-callyanswerthephone,andyoucanspecifythatitanswerafteracertainnumberofrings(upto255).Unfortunately,neitherprogramusesthesystemclocktosupportunat-tendeddialing.Thismeansthatyoucan'ttelleitherprogramtodialandac-cessaninformationserviceduringthemiddleofthenight,forexample,whenratesarelow.Alotoflessso-phisticatedprogramssupportunat-tendeddialing;it'sdisappointingthatthesedon’t.Eachprogramdoesprovideaclockdisplay.SmartcomIIdisplaysthesys-temtimeanddateatthebottomofthescreen,whilePerfectLink'sclockre-setsto00:00:00andstartscountingwhenyougoon-line(Photos3and4).IAddresscorrespondencetoJimHeid,Microcom-puting80PineSt.,Peterborough,NH03458.Close-uplookattheNewWaveofMicros:Apple’sMacintosh,IBM'sPCjr,andColeco’sAdamPersonalFinanceSoftwarethatkeepstrackofyourmoneyComputerMaintenanceAccessoriestoprotectyourequipment52in-depthreviewsoftoday’smostpopularcomputersystems100SoftwarePackagesForalltypesofapplicationsfromLotus,Peachtree,Continental,Comshare,Fox&Geller,andmanyothers.(NN49278
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TABLEOFCONTENTSOur‘coverstoryreportsonthelar-estand‘mostintriguingadditionstothemarket:theMacintosh,theAdam,thePCjr,They'rethecrestofanewwave—*“PEOle‘Comput-"THEWORLDOFADD-ONS.-.128Expandabilityletsyoucreatea.cus:tom-designed-computersystemwithpurchased“‘buildingblocks.”Theseadd-onsfor-yourApple,Commodore,IBM,andTRS80are|canlay-yourcomperlowina‘hurry.Here’showtokeepyoursystemcleanandwhatproductstouse.PERSONALFINANCESOFTWAREPROGRAMSYourmachineishappilyinstalledintheden.Youpaidforit.Nowuseit.Thesesoftware‘packageshelpyougetyourpersonefinancesiin.shape...HOW-TO.PICK.‘LEARNINGGAMES194}Whatiseducation?Voluntarylearningcanbethekey.17gamesarepycwcthatmekepectautgHardDiskDrives+|-Computer'systems,includingashort-hito-useCharts,andinedepth“ofprinters,modems,monitors,and‘drivesplusinformationabouttmatching|peripheralstoyoursystem,=DavongSMBUniversalWinches:Over50hands-on’reviewsofpersonal-IntegratedSoftware_.Fox&GellerOZ<2.Telecommunications...SouthwesternData:WordProcessing.MicrosoftWordSpelling....TUSEasySpellerTenTips|Glossary-.
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COVERSTORYTheNewContendersThreenewcomputersburstintovirginterritory,the“sophisticatedconsumer”marketwherebuyerswillbewinners.There'sanewbreedofpersonalcom-puteronthemarketthesedays,aclassworldsapartfromtheclanky,institutionallookingmachinesofyesteryear.Head-ingthelistarethenewAppleMacintosh,theColecoAdam,andtheIBMPCjr.Technically,thesemachinessharelittleincommon,butallarevyingforapieceofa$15billionayearpie:thesophisticat-edconsumermarketplace.ComputersliketheIBMPC,theTexasInstrumentsProfessionalComputer,theDECRainbow100,anddozensofotherhigh-endmachinesareaimeddirectlyandsolelyatthebusinessperson,apre-dictablebuthard-to-pleasetypewhowantsacomputertoperformoneortwospecifictasks,financialforecastingorwordprocessing,forexample.Thesophisticatedconsumer,ontheotherhand—whetherahomeowner,astudent,aprofessor,anurbanprofes-sional,orsuburbanhomemaker—ismoreinterestedinusingacomputerasapersonalproductivitytool,tomakelifeeasier,eventoexplorecomputingasthefascinatingscienceitis.It’sunfairtoclassifyanyofthesethreemicrosstrictlyasahomecomputer,eventhoughtheyaregenerallymarketedwiththehomeuserinmind.Soforlackofabetterclassification,callthem“peoplecomputers,”toolsthatcanbeusedinthehome,school,oroffice.Here’sacloserlook:OneofthebestdealsaroundistheColecoAdam,bestdescribedasacrossbetweenavideogamemachineandahome/businesscomputer.Thisdualper-sonalitymakestheAdamveryattractivetoawidebaseofusers.The$700Adamisanideal“starter”systemforthehome,forstudentandparentalike.It’sevencomfortablesittingonadeskatyourofficebecauseitrunsbusiness-orientedprogramswrittenunderthecommonCP/Moperatingsystem.TheseincludeWordStar,SuperCalc,dBaseIl,and15,000others.TheAdamcomeswithaneasy-to-usefull-featuredkeyboard,aletter-qualityprinter,andenoughmemorytorunthemostsophisticatedCP/Mbusinesspro-grams.Theprinterisalittleslow(10.5characterspersecond)butcertainlyfast-erthananyhumantypists.Allinall,theAdamcomescompleteandreadytouse.Thereareveryfew“hidden”extras:AdamevencomeswithBASICanditsownsimplifiedword-processingprogramcalledSmartWriter.Withthismuchincluded,howcantheAdambesoinexpensive?Therearetworeasons:First,theAdamborrowstheuseofyourtelevisionsetoraseparatelypur-chasedvideomonitor.Thatknocks$200to$300offthepricerightthere.Second,unlikemostothercomputersonthemar-kettoday,Adamdoesnotusefloppy-diskdrivesforlong-termdatastorage.In-stead,ituses“digitaldatapacks,”whichlookverymuchlikethemicrocassettesusedindictationequipment.Thepacksareabittoughertousethandiskettesbecausetheyrequiremoreassistancefromtheuser,buttheycanholdabout230pagesworthoftext,all-in-allarea-sonabletradeoff.Unfortunately,thiswilllikelypegtheAdaminthemindsofmanycomputershoppersasa“toy,”thoughitdeservesmuchmoreseriousconsideration.TheAdamisn’tmuchforsnobappeal,butifyourneedsincludeapeppycomputerforhome,school,oroffice,butyoucan’tspendmuchmoney,putyourhubrisonholdandbuyanAdam.Therearemanypeoplewhowouldn’tthinkofwearinganythingbutdesignerjeans.Thesameholdsforcomputers:PuttheIBMnameplateonacomputerandithasaninstant—andlarge—following.ThisisexactlywhathashappenedtothePCjr,thelong-awaitedandmuch-bally-hooedlittlebrothertotheIBMPC.Itmaynotbeassophisticatedasitssibling,butithasqualities(andalowpriceof$1,269forthe“advanced”system)thatmakesitworthyofacarefulevaluationbytheprospectivebuyer.Ifwhatyouwantissoftwarecompati-bilitywiththeIBMPC,butcan’tafford$3,000to$4,000,thejristhecomputerforyou.MostprogramsavailableforthePCcanberunonthejr;manyofthosethatcan’tbenowarebeingrewrittentodoso.ThedayPCjrhitthemarket,itwasbackedbyloadsofsoftware.Unfortunately,thejrcan’tusethe
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COVERSTORYsamehardwareadd-onsasthePC.Evenso,there’splentytochoosefrom,includ-ingseconddiskdrives(oneisincludedinthebasepriceof$1,269),colordisplaymonitors,joysticks,andmore.ThePCjrisavailableintwovarieties:basicandadvanced.Thedifferencesbe-tweenthetwoaren’tmajor,andthe$799purposetomakeitlessappealingtobusi-nesses—anareaalreadydominatedbyIBMwithitsPC.ButIBMunderestimat-edthepopularityofitssmallcomputerandthereadinessofthird-partymanufac-turerstojumponjr’sbandwagon.Al-ready,severalindependentmanufactur-ershaveannouncedthey’llproducebasicmodelcanbeupgradedtothead-vancedmodelsoyoucanbuylean,thenaddonasyourfinancesallow.Thelackofadiskdrive,therelativelysmallamountofmemory,andthe40-col-umnwidetextdisplaymarkthebasicjrasahdmecomputer—idealforplayinggamesandrunningsimpleprogramap-plications.Businessorseriouseducation-alapplications,ontheotherhand,mostoftenrequirethepowerofferedbytheadvancedversion.Happily,thebiggerjrfulleize,standard-keyedkeyboardsforthejr.LiketheonesuppliedbyIBM,thesethird-partykeyboardsarewire-less—theycommunicatewiththecom-puterbyinfra-redsignal.ToweringaboveAdamandjr,holdingthenumberonepositioninthehigherrealmsofthehome-computermarket,isApple’snewMacintosh.The$2,495““Mac”’wasspecificallydesignedforthefirst-timeuserorthosesufferingfromcomputerphobia.ToovercomethisfearEhSEEG=ERUeEAwRweweeReR.‘ShERGE,ReSEeet=2GhEESEUEaGeenGeeeeeeeeeETSAAeMdoeseverythingthebasicmodeldoes,sothefunisn’ttakenoutofthemoreso-phisticatedmachine.Oneimportantconsiderationwiththejrisits“‘chiclet”stylekeyboard,whichusessmallrubberizedbuttonsinsteadoffull-sizedkeys.Seasonedindustryobserv-ersfeelthatIBMbuiltthejrthiswayonandtrembling,itusesstate-of-the-artmulti-windowing,graphics,andmousecursorcontroltoachieveitsoutwardsim-plicityanduser-friendliness.Inside,however,theMacischockfullofelectronics.Infact,ithasmorecom-putingpowerthantwoIBMPC’sputto-gether.Indeed,Macisheavyonthehard-ware,allbuilt-inandpartofitscarefullydesigned“architecture.”There’snotmuchelsetobuybutapplicationspro-grams.(ForamorecompleterundownontheMac,seethereviewintheComputersection.)Apple’sfirstprogramsfortheMacin-tosh,MacWriteandMacPaint,areim-pressive,featurepacked,andquiteac-ceptableforhome,school,andbusinessuses.Thebestpart?Eachprogramtakeslessthananhourtolearn.Andtomakeverycertainthatplentyofsoftwarewouldbeavailableforitsnewestmachine,Ap-plehasmadeMacprototypesavailabletomanyprofessionalprogrammersforsometime.Thus,theoutlookisverygoodforawidevarietyofMacprograms.MacWriteandMacPaintaremedium-powerprograms,designedtomeettheneedsofthetypicalcomputeruser.Shouldyouwantorneedmore,severalmajorsoftwarecompanieshavean-nouncedplanstomarketMacprograms.AmongthemareLotus,withitsbest-sell-ing1-2-3multi-functionspreadsheet/graphics/datamanagementpackage;Mi-crosoftwithaquartetofbusinesspro-grams,Multiplan,Word,Chart,andFile;andAskMicro’sAccountingPlus.(Andwhenyougrowtiredofseriouscomput-ing,there’sevenInfocom’sinteractivefictionrole-playinggames.)aeeeesenses.The$2,500pricetagmakestheMacthemostexpensive“home”computeronthemarket,butits’salsothemostpower-ful.Ifmoneyisn’taseriousconsider-ation,buteaseofuseis,biteintotheMac.Whatnewentrantscanweexpecttoinvadethesophisticatedconsumermar-ket?Noonecantell.Butonethingiscertain:Themicrocomputerwarshavejustbegun;technologywillpayoffinmorepowerfulcomputersatlowerprices.Anditlookslike,withtheAdam,PCjr,andMacintoshasproof,thattheco:sumerwillbethevictor.10ShopperUpdate:‘untoNraeleseremAMILLERFREEMANPUBLICATIONMARCH1984.TAXSOFTWAREHARDDISKS_FORPORTABLE:BUSINESSSO:FORMODEL100"SPELLINGCHECKERS:WORDPLUS,PROOFREADER,ELECTRICWEBSTER,&MORE!AMOMPUTERTGOMMUTERS
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|TravelwiththeBest!SeetheSprinteratyourlocalcomputerstoreorcallusforthedealernearestyou.1(800)821-8848FORMOREINFORMATIONCIRCLE4PortableAnewgenerationprinterthatcombinesportability,depend-abilityandquality.Sprinteristravelconvenience—lightweightandruggedwithaneasilyremovabletravelcoverandplentyofspaceforstorage.PersonalAfriendlyprinterthatiseasytooperate.Easeofoperationistoppriorityforthisprinter.ASoftSwitch™ControlPadallowstheusertocontrolforms’length,printdensity,tabulations,baudrateandcharactersets.ProfessionalAfastprinter,the160CPSSprintercomesstandardwithaAKbufferexpandableto68KwithMPI'sMemoryMate™option.ItcomesequippedwithanEasyLoad™frontpaperfeedforquickpaperinsertionandhandleseverythingfromletterheadtomulti-partforms.woMicroPeripherals,Inc.4426So.CenturyDr,«SLC,UT.84123(801)263-3081TheBigMaInc.'slong-awaited32-bitonJanuary24,WithitsintroductionIntosh,theCupertinocase-sizeportableincorposophisticatedgraphics,At$2,4!applicationssoftwar™mate—andeventhen,theisa16-bitdesktopmicro,32-bitportable.theboardatApple.“And1anythingradicalthisyear.’pounds.agerofproductmarketing.SincemicrocomputercotionscapabilitiesarequicklyAppledesignersgaveMachabilitytoaccessAppleBus,MARCH1984ishere.AppleComputercrocomputerwasshippedtodealerscompanyhastakentheportable-com-|grputermarketintoanewera.Thesuit-Motorola68000microprocessor,128Kofrandom-accessmemory(RAM),a3¥%-inchmicrofloppydiskdrivethatholds400Kofprogramsanddata,andandword-processingsoftware.theMacIntoshshouldprovidepotentcompetitionforIBM'sPC,a$2,468systemthatprovidesjustG4KofRAM,a320Kdiskdrive,nodisplayscreenandno-Ttwouldtakeanextra$1,000to$2,000toequipanIBM-PCasfullyastheMacIntosh,Applesourcesesti-AppleistheonlycompanythatcancompetewithIBM,”saysStevenJobs,chairmanofthinkTBMisgoingtointroduceWithitsdetachablekeyboard,mouseandnine-inchbluemoni-tor,theMacIntoshsystemprovidesdesktop-computerconveniencewheninuse.Whenpackedinitscanvascar-ty-all,theentiresystemweighsjust16WiththeMacIntosh,whichfueledindustryrumorsandspeculationformorethanayear,Appleisattemptingtoseta32-bitstandardformicro-computers.Thesystemwillcapture95Percentoffirst-timebusinessbuyers,claimsBarbaraKoalkin,Apple'sman.SOFTWAREessentialinthebusinesscommunity,etarylocal-areanetworkthatlinksSPECIALREPORTOneBigMac...togo!inBellevue(Wash.),LotusDevelop-mentCorp.inCambridge(Mass.)andSoftwarePublishingCorp.inPaloAlto,iemicrocomputerswithaninexpensiveportablemi-|twisted-paircable.EASEOFUSEoftheMac-|“We(Calif.-basedwantedtoprovidepeoplewithsomethingthatwaseasytouseandatatprice,”’sayscompanymarketingmanagerMikeMurray.ratesa32-bitJobssaysMacIntosh“‘t:hey'reputtingtheirA-teamonthedevelopmenteffort,”Jobssays.MicrosoftpresidentBillGateshassaidheexpectshalfofMicrosoft'srevenuessonthe|fromsalesofapplicationsprogramsinease-of-useproblemandsolvesitina1984and1985willeventuallycomeradicalway.Macisaproductthatyou|fromMacIntoshapplications.canlearntouseveryquickly.”jobsApplehasalsoannouncedanewcomparesthemicrocomputerexplo-|product,theLisa2,whichredefinesitsSpreadsheet|siontothegrowthoftelephonetach.Lisaproductline.LiketheMacintosh,nologyinthelate19thcentury:“We|theLisa2uses3%-inchmicrofloppyareabletoleapfrogthetechnologyof|diskdrivesAppleplanstoupgradeallsystemsthatwentbeforeus,justastheinstalledLisasystemstotheLislevelwithoutchargetoowners,Mur-rayclaims.AppleComputermayearnuptofortypercentofitsrevenuesfromtheMacintoshalone,saidMurray,whilenotcuttingintoAppleIlsales,wheregrowthisstilltakingplace.“Theyservedifferentmarkets,”hesaid.“WearebettingthatMac-Intoshwillbethethirdstandardforcomputers,aftertheAppleIIandIBM-PC,”Jobssays.resultnotadon'ttelephonepeoplewereabletoleapfrogoverthetelegraphpeople.Macisthefirstcomputerthatisradicallyeasiertouse.’Asingleboard68000-basedsystem,Macintoshisacompleteunitwithoutslotsforexpansion.“Thewayyoucus-tomizeyourcomputeristhroughsoft-ware,”saidJobs.Thereisnoreasonwhytheboxshouldeverbeopened.”AppleisbundlingMicrosoft'sMulti-mmunica-|plan,theMacWritewordprocessorbecoming|andMacPaint,agraphicssoftwarepackage,withtheMacintosh.Addi-intoshthe|tionalsoftwaresupportwillbeavail-aproprt|ablethroughmajorsoftwareman.ufacturingfirmslikeMicrosoftCorp.PORTABLECOMPUT!‘ER
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KAYPROHIGHLIGHTSKayproCorp.,theSolanaBeach(Calif.manufacturerofalineof8-bitsuitcase-sizeportablecomputers,haslicensedtheMS-DOSoperatingsystemfromMicrosoftCorp.andisdevelopinga16-bitportablewitha10-megabyteWin-chesterdiskdrivecompatiblewiththeIBMXTsystem,accordingtothecom-Ppany’sForm10-KfiledwiththeSecuri-tiesandExchangeCommissioninNo-vemberlastyear.“‘Itwillbedesignedtoutilizesubstantiallyalloftheappli-cationsoftwareutilizedbytheIBMsystem,”thereportsaysThereportalsonotesthatwhile“noneofKaypro’sdomesticdealershaveexclusivegeographicterritories,’itsoverseasdistributors“havebeengrantedregionalgeographicexclusiv-ity.”Whileexportsalesconstitutedlessthan10percentofthecompany’ssalesin1983,Kayprohastranslatedsoft-ware,softwaredocumentationandpromotionalmaterialsintoFrench,GermanandSpanish.Theyarepres-entlyestablishingadirectdealworkinEuropesupervisedbyitserlandsoffice.KayprohasalsosignedalicensingagreementwithAshtonTatethatallowsittoincludeforeign-languagetranslationsofdBaseIlinshipmentstocertainEuropeancoun-tries.Kaypro's10-Kalsorevealsthatcom-panyofficershavereceivedsignificantincreasesincompensationsincethecompany'sSept.1,1983publicstockoffering.KaypropresidentAndrewFKay,whowasearning$36,000annual-lypriortotheoffering,hasreceiveda380percentincreaseinsalaryto$172,864.Asvicepresidentofmarket-ingandproductplanningintheJuly1983prospectus,DavidA.Kaywasearning$40,200,buthe'snowvicepresidentofadministrationatasalaryof$93,520,a133-percentraise,AllanM.Kay,formerlyvicepresidentofad-ministrationat$38,680isnowvicepresidentofmarketingandproductplanningat$85,840,a122-percentin-crease.MaryM.Kay,Andrew'swifeandmotherofDavidandAllan,re-mainsascorporatesecretary,andher$21,120salarypriortotheofferinghasbeenincreased16percentto$24,490NEW/SSCREENFrom1982to1983A&DAdvertis-ing,anadvertisingagencyownedbyKayprovicepresidentanddirectorAl-lanM.Kay,provided$209,320worthofadvertisingservicestothecompany$,5ofwhichwasleftunpaidbyKayproattheendofthe1983fiscalyear.During1983,Kayproalsocon-tractedwithCharetteConstruction,ownedbyMichaelBatterandtheKay'sdaughterJanicabout$3.7millionoffalityrefurbish-mentsandconstruction,payingabout$1.3millionforworkperformeddur-ingtheyearandleaving$149,707un-paidatthecloseofthefiscalyear.AndrewKayalsointendstoproposegrantinga$175,000contractforarc!tecturalandrelatedservicestohisdaughterandson-in-law’sconstruc-tioncompanyThecompany’sinitialpublicoffer-ingof4millionsharessoldashighas$10.375ashareonAug.25,1983,thefirstdayoftheoffering.Thestockclosedat$7ashareonDec.30,thelasttradingdayoftheyOSBORNEREORGANIZATIONOsborneComputerCorp.inHayward(Calif.)hasfiledareorganizationplanatthefederalbankruptcycourtinOakland(Calif.)thatproposescontin-uedoperationofthecompanyunderanewmanagementteam,developmentandmanufacturing,salesofexistinginventoryinternationallyandthroughexistinguser'sgroups,subcontractingofproductresearch,andraisingaddi-tionalworkingcapitalthroughapub-licofferingofstockinaresearchanddevelopmentlimitedpartners!hip.TheOCCboardofdirectorshasap-pointedtheproponentoftheplan,RonaldJ.Browne,50,formerlyOCCvicepresidentandgeneralmanagerofthecompany’sinternationaldivision,aspresidentandchiefexecutiveoffi-cer.ThenewmanagementteamalsoincludesChodiMcReynolds,36,vicepresidentofoperations;DavidMiller,31,vicepresidentofmarketing;JamesSchwabe,28,directorofproductmar-keting,andRobertW.Driscoll,cor-poratecounsel.Withtheexceptionof|KayBatter,for|Driscoll,membersofthenewmanage.mentteamweremanagersatOCCpri-ortothecompany’sbankruptcypeti-tionInapprovingtheplan,theOCCboardwaivedaprovisionoftheBank-ruptcyCodethatgivesexistingman-agementa120-day“exclusivityperi-od”periodtofileaplanforreorga-nization,whichwastolastuntilJan.13formanagementunderformerOCCpresidentRobertJaunich.“AnytimeyougointoChapter11,bylawtheboardiscontrolledbycreditors,notbytheshareholders,”saysJackMelchor,chairmanoftheOCCboard.“Thecreditorsapproved(Browne's)plan.”WhileJaunichcouldn'tbereachedforcomment,bothBrowneandMel-chordenythatthemovewasintendedtoremoveformermanagement.‘Idon’tthink(Jaunich)wantedtotakepartinourreorganization,”Brownesays.Thenewplanproposestocancelallexistingequityinthecompany.“Theequityisvalueless,”Melchorsays“Thecreditorsownthecompany.”Butsuchamovemayresultinlitigationonthepartofexistingstockholders.‘Todosomethinglikethat(cancelequity)isverydishonorabletothepeoplewhowiththeirinvestmentsbuiltthecom-panytowhereitisnow,”saysRobertBily,aformerboardmemberandstillamajorstockholder.Thenewplanplacesanemphasisoninternationalsalesofexistinginven-toriestogenerateshort-termrevenue“Europedoesn'treactgenerallyasvio-lentlyastheU.S.,”saysRogerHiggins,presidentofinternationalsalesatridSystemsCorp.,manufacturerofabriefcase-sizecomputer.“ThereisasyndromeinEurope,eventhoughthereareproblemsatthisend,ifthelocal(European)organizationisgood,they'llcontinuebuying.’“MyimpressionisthatOsbornehadaverygoodorganizationinEu-rope,”Higginsadds.OCCisnowsellingtheOsborne1for$1,095andtheExecutivefor$1,595,bothpricesincludingaone-yearservicecontractwithXerox,|throughuser'sgroupsintheU.S.“It’sresultinginquiteastackofnewmem-12PORTABLECOMPUTERMARCH1984ERSONAL.COMPUTINGAHaydenPublicationCONNECTED!ABUYER’SGUIDE(&SOMETIPS)ONMODEMSSoftwareThatHonesYourManagementSkillTelecommuting:TheHome-To-OfficeHigh-PoweredPresentationGraphicsTappingTheCorporateMainframe:IsItWorthTheSweat?HowYourComputerCanHelpYouPrepareForATaxAuditSteveJobsOnTheFutureOfAppleComputerWho(AndWhat)IsANerdWEREVIEW:iPFS:AccessApricotComputerTI’sNewPortableInternational$3.5010989°36666|April1984$2.50
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Thankstoaremarkablenotebook-sizedcomputermadebyNEC,youcantakeyourofficewithyouany-whereyougo.Onaplane,onaparkbench,onthewaytoameeting,orevenonabeach.Thoughitweighsonly4pounds,thebattery-powered,CMOS-basedPC-8200packsa16K/RAMmemoryexpandableto96K.And32KofROMNECgivesyou14freesoftwarepack-agestostart,includinganinvest-mentportfolioandwordprocessing.Withitsbuilt-insoftwareandtelecommunicatingcapabilities,you.canusethePC-8200forwordpro-cessing,timesharing,dataentry,recordkeeping,andforelectronicmail.Younameit.It'smadebyNEC—aworldleaderNEC~-NECHomeElectronics(U.S.A),Inc.PersonalComputerDivision1401EstesAvenueElkGroveVillage,IL60007NECCorporation,Tokyo,JapanManyofPersonalComputing'sadvertiserswillsendfurtherinformationabouttheirproductsandservices.Simplycircle(onthereaders’servicecard)theboldnumberthatappearstotheleftoftheadvertiser'snameinthelistbelow.Ifthereisnonumberlistedontheleft,kindlywriteorcalltheadvertiser.expandableto64K.YougetabigincomputerandcommunicationsCircleNo.PageNo.CircleNo.PageNo.CircleNo.PageNo.SDecelleSootelesecineledy,47ABCDataProducts....18299Fujitsu.............pais)458Quadrum.8.=105AccountantsMicrosystems,170Qume....178-179NECreinventstheofficeNECbeatstheleadingcompetitionhandsdownseitHoincrehee.neofatigHewlett132AdvancedBusiness157RadioShack2141EeSaneMose100SHEETSSeuss)see2ee135HarvardSoftware.......7569,70,ReadersDigest-25,27,Price$799"$799$995161AdvancedLogicHaydenBookCompany,87,112ReadersDigest.....29,121RAM/ROMT6W/S2K_BK/S2K__10K/48KSystemssevee152ieeeoe182-183100RKSIndustries........175RAMExpandabililyTo96K092K‘To2aK167Amdek--14668,408,HaydenSoftware....96,199,46,48RockyMountainSoftware(Internal/External)_(64K/22K)_(32K/none)_(24K/none)162Anadex...........17073,74,HaydenSoftware...183,185,Systems.........95,187FreebundledsoftwareYesNoNoAppleComputer75HaydenSoftware.......187Functionkeys‘08a+196-19742,18HayesMicroComputer91Safeware.....RAMcartridgesYesNoNo9Ashton-Tate.vee36Products;30,168-16986ScarboroughiBarCodeReader,S06Mid2355..%:.182106ScholasticWizwarepeedStalledtakeaSandal34BASFSystems......+.4862Hewlett-Packar42-4323SentinelComputerae=15BrotherInternational...119Prediicigasdase445Port,CursorClusterYesNoStandard88BRSé3,102IBMCorporation..6-7,98-9914SmallComputerBookincludesperpetualclockcalendar.NiCadbatterypack,AC160BusinessSoftware.......9425Indus.Bee"202-161adapterchargecoptionalRITee134122SoftwarePublishing...1107-Gasio,ine!..2200-3972TheSource.:eee153Cdex.........-..142-143SpinnakerSoftware....106168ChampionSoftware....186MeeNSaepe?428StarMicronics..16496ChangLaboratories...159Sysgen......156409CompuPrépeess164KapstromInc.,Educational8SatanicPlus....4063Compuserve....Software..162154ComputerMail55Tallgrass.1.44Order.«xsees180-181138LeadingEdge....208-Cov342Taranto..z185ComputerWarehouse..18897TheLearningCo.13151TelevideoSystems,Computronics64,90119LexisoftInerAaiaseee10-1198CoronaDataSystems...12TexasInstruments.....17665Maxell....16126Thoughtware......190-19167Dataproducts...........86Memotech103MCompany..--4639DennisonComputer40MicroCraft.117TitanTechnologies-165Supply......aie|127Micro“D”..93Transend..144169DigitalEquipment32Microcom.Corp.....Cov4150,31Microsoft.11U.S.Robotics,Inc......68111Disowasher...16092Microstuf.116DowJonesNewsMonogram4Value/Screen.........167Retrieval.........166156MooreBusinessCenter.155Verbatim.13DowJonesSoftware.....7690MuseSoftware..........70187Videx....;123Dysan...153121VisualComputer54NECHomeElectronics.Cov2Inc...-148-149200,53EpsonAmerica,85NECInformation.-5566VisualTechnologyInc....34INGsoniceeoucee14-15,8064OkidataCorporation....5817WestminsterSoftware22-2359FeroxMicroSystemsInc.183meborbesineeeeccigts20189Panasonic.............138TleZiyadhoeReteee60ADVERTISINGSTAFFEastCoastWestCoast10MuholondBrive4625TheAloHas07604SanJosSALESSUPPORTMANAGER(ONALMANAGERS|SALESSUPPORTMANAGERREGIONALMANAGERSPeaeJoyNicholsFerrisFerdon(214)231-0523|NancyGarafanoJanetBish(408)287-8670BarbaraOlivie(201)393-6165TedPal(714)581-5030RDINATORJohnSaval(201)393-6165VivianRitondale(818)761-8197AnneLeeLacitignolaMaurieWagner(201)393-6165PRODUCTIONTomWackal(312)525-5080MarcyS.FriedmanKimWoodsonSALESREPRESENTATIVEASSISTANTsPatriciaDonnellyArleneSchulman(201)393-6000|CheryMeCluskyREPRESENTATIVECherylErber(408)287-8670April1984PERSONALCOMPUTING493
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INTERVIEWSteveJobsOnTheFutureOfAppleComputerstandingovationfromanover-Slowingcrowdof3000employ-eesandstockholdersgreetedSteveJobs,chairmanofAppleComputerInc.,atthecompany’sannualfi-nancialmeetingonJanuary24.Suchenthusiasmmayseemoutoftheor-dinary,butthenAppleisnoordinarycompany.It’sacompanywithavision—tobringpersonalcomputingtothemasses.Jobshimselfhasspreadthatvision,makingitanal-mostevangelicalmissionforhiscompany.WeinterviewedJobsinthefall,be-foretheMacintoshcomputerwasin-troduced,onApple'sfutureandthefutureofpersonalcomputing.Thefollowingquestionsandanswerswereexcerptedfromthatinterview.Yourcompanyhasareputationfortakinginnovativerisks,thelatestbeingtheMacintoshcomputer,butaren'tyoutakingagamblebyin-troducingacomputerthat’snotcom-patiblewiththeIBMPersonalComputer,bynotjumpingontheIBMPC-/MS-DOSbandwagonlikesomanyotherpersonalcomputermanufacturers?Jobs:Ofcoursewe'retakingagam-ble.It’stheonlyrightgamblewecantake.IBMisgoingtocomeoutwithaportablenextyear;whentheydo,what’sgoingtohappentoCompaq(amanufacturerofanIBM-compatibleportable)then?IBMisgoingtocomeoutwithaproprietaryversionoftheiroperatingsystemthatothercompa-niesaren’tgoingtobeabletogotoMicrosoftandbuy.IBMisgoingtointroducetheirownwindowingpack-age,whichiswhytheydidn’tsignonMicrosoftWindows.Idon’tknowwhatisgoingtohappentoWindows,ortoVisiOn,butIBM’swindowing494PERSONALCOMPUTINGApril1984Ifyou'retyingyourfuturetoIBMyou'llgetsteppedon,becausetheywantitall.packagewillbethestandard.Wehearitisnotthatgreat,butitwillbethestandard.So,ifyou'retyingyourfuturetoIBM,you'llgetsteppedonbecausetheydefinitelywantitall.There’snoquestionaboutthat.YourMacintoshteamtalksaboutreachingthatlargegroupofpeoplewhoarenotyetparticipantsinthepersonalcomputerrevolution.Howdoyouplantoreachthem?Jobs:Wethinktherearethreethingsthatyouhavetodo.First,youmakecomputerssimple.Ittakes40to100hourstolearnhowtouseanAppleIIThatmaybeacceptabletoaspread-sheetjunkie,buttoapersonwhoisgoingtobeusingapersonalcomputermaybehalfanhouraday,ormaybeanhouraday,youwillnotgetthatpersontospend40to100hourslearninghowtouseacomputer.So,eveniftheMISdepartmentorthedata-processingdepartmentplopsacomputerontheirdesksMondaymorning,itmightsitthereforsixmonthsandnotgetused.It’sanin-crediblewaste.Easeofuseisvital.Thesecondthingispower.Youhavetohaveareallypowerfulcom-puter.Peoplewanttodoreallyso-phisticatedthings:TheywanttomixPhotographsbyCarolA,Footefontsintheirbusinessletters;theywanttomakediagrams;theywanttomakebusinessgraphicsandpastethemintotheirdocuments.So,thecomputermustbeverypowerful.Thethirdthingisthatitmustbeinexpensive.Whatwearetryingtodoismakepersonalcomputersintoap-pliancesfortheoffice,ifyouwill—ascommonplaceasthetelephone.Ifwearetodothat,theyaregoingtohavetobeinapricerangewheretheyareaninsignificantcostaroundtheoffice.Macintoshdeliverssignificantvalueforitsprice,butnotwithoutsomecompromise—lackofabilitytoex-pand,forexample.Whyareyoucringingattheword“compromise”?Jobs:Because|disagreewithyou.WhenwedesignedtheAppleII,theconceptofcustomizingyourmachinewasthatyoucouldaddhardwaretothecomputertocustomizeit.In1977itcostabout$100tobuildamicro-processorsystemwithRAMandROM.Ifweweregoingtoexpanditwithhardware,thewaywewerego-ingtodoitwassharetheonemicro-processorusingexpansionslots.Today,youcanbuyasingle-chipmicrofor,say,$5,andsothereisnopointinsharingthatonemicrointhebox.Youcanaddmicroprocessorsoneachperipheraldevice.Printershavemicrosinthem;modemshavemicrosinthem;everythinghasmicrosinthem.Andthemostefficientwaytocommunicateisserially.So,wethinkthoseonemegabitpersecondserialportsareanincrediblewaytoex-pandMacintoshinawaythatbeau-tifullypartitionswhatisinMac-intoshandwhatisintheperipheral.AndRS-232isauniversalcommuni-cationsstandardbetweenperipheraldevices,printers,modems,andthelike.SowethinkthatMacintoshisreallyexpandable.Mostofthethingsthatyouhavetoaddontoothercomputersareal-readybuiltintoMacintosh:voice,sound,speech,clockcalendar,twosuper-high-speedserialports,localWhatwearetryingtodoisreachthepointwheretheoperatingsystemistotallytransparent.areanetworking,diskdrives,andgraphicsprocessing.It’sallbuiltin.Thattakescareofmostdemands,andtheremainingneedstheserialportscaneasilyinterfaceto.NobodyhascomeupwithasinglethingthataMacintoshcan’tverysuccessfullyconnectwith.You'vebeenquotedbeforeassayingthatMS-DOSislast-generationtechnology.Howareoperatingsystemadvanceschangingpersonalcomputersforendusers?Jobs:Youcan’tdoMacintosh-likethingsonanIBMPersonalComput-er,partiallybecauseofthehardware,partiallybecauseofthesoftware.Itis1970software.Whatwearetryingtodoisreachthepointwheretheoperatingsystemistotallytransparent.WhenyouuseaLisaoraMacintosh,thereisnosuchthingasanoperatingsystem.Youneverinteractwithit;youdon’tknowaboutit.Usersaremuchmoreconcernedaboutwhatthecomputerwilldo,whatitwillcommunicatewith,whichistherightwayoflook-ingatproducts.Let’sgobackforaminutetothesubjectofpersonalcomputersintheoffice.Thereareforcesatworkwith-incorporationswhicharetryingtoswingthependulumawayfromper-sonalcomputingbacktocorporate,institutionalcomputing.Whyisthishappening,andwhatdoyouthinkcanbedonetochangeit?Jobs:Theproblemisthataspersonalcomputersbegantoproliferateintheoffice,fromthebottomup,youhadpeoplewhowerelookingatlifefromthetopdown.Theybecamecon-cerned—forvalidreasons.Theywantedthesethingstobeabletotalktoeachother;theywantedtohookthepersonalcomputersuptomain-framesandimplementelectronicmail—allvalidconcerns.Today’spersonalcomputersaren’tverygoodatthosethings.Unfortunately,mostofthosepeo-plewerenotintimatelyfamiliarwithpersonalcomputing.Ingeneral,thereApril1984PERSONALCOMPUTING4195
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IntroducingMacintosh.Whatmakestttick.Andtalk.Well,tobeginwith,110voltsofaltematingcurrent.Secondly,someofthehottesthard-waretocomedownthepikeinthelast3years.Thegardenvariety16-bit5088bringaMacintoshtotheproblem.(Itweighs9poundslessthanthemostpopular’portable’”)AnothermiracleofminiaturizationisMacintosh’sbuilt-in3!"drive.Itsdisksstore400K—morethanconventional514"floppies.Sowhiletheyrebigenoughtoholdadeskfullofwork,theyresmallenoughtofitinashirtpocket.And,theyretotallyencasedinarigidplasticAndwithMacintoshBASIC,Mac-intoshPascalandourMacintoshToolboxforwritingyourownmouse-drivenpro-grams,you,t00,couldmakebigbucksinyoursparetime.YoucanevenprogramMacintoshtotalkinotherlanguages,likeYiddishorSerbo-Croation,becauseithasabuilt-inpolyphonicsoundgeneratorcapableofproducingMacintosh’s32-bitMC68000microprocessor.sotheyretotallyprotected.highqualityspeechTleMoweteldtalleak:ormusic.crjesaeviAndtalkaboutprogramming,sentofcommuntatonyouSomehardfactsmaybeinorderatthispoint:Macintosh’sbrainisthesameblind-ingly-fast32-bitmicroprocessorwegaveourotherbrainchild,theLisa™Personalifalreadyunderstand—Somemicehavetwobuttons.MacintoshhasOne.SoitsextremelyTherearealreadyplentyofprogramstokeepaMacintoshbusyLikeMacPaint™cultopushComputer.Farmorepowerfulthanthepais=16-bit8088foundincurrentgenerationcomputers.ItsheartisthesameLisaTechnologyofwindows,pull-downmenus,mousecommandsandicons.Allofwhichmakethat32-bitpowerfarmoreusefulbymakingtheMacintosh"™PersonalComputerfareasiertousethancurrentgenerationcomputers.Infact,ifyoucanpointwith-outhurtingyourself,youcanuseit.Nowforsomesmalltalk.Thankstoitssize,ifyoucan’tbringtheproblemtoaMacintosh,youcanalwaysiheinsidestory—arotatingballndopticalsensorstranslatemovementsofthemousetoMacintosh’sscreenpointerwithpin-pointaccuracy.Alltherightconnections.Onthebackofthemachine,youllfindbuilt-inRS232andRS422AppleBusserialcommunicationports.Whichmeansyoucanconnectprinters,modemsandotherperipheralswithoutadding$150cards.ItalsomeansthatMacintoshisreadytohookintoalocalareanetwork.(WithAppleBus,youwillbeabletointerconnectupto16differentApplecomputersandperipherals.)ShouldyouwishtodoubleMac-intosh’sstoragewithanexternaldiskaprogramthat,forthefirsttime,letsapersonalcomputerproducevirtuallyanyimagethehumanhandcancreate.There'smoresoftwareonthewayfromdeveloperslikeMicrosoft?Lotus’”andSoftwarePublishingCorp.,tomentionafewMacintoshMicrosoftsMultiplanforMacintoshautomaticallymakesroomMacPaint,Soryourillustrationsinthetext.thejucesvirtuallyanyimagehandcancreate.496PERSONALCOMPUTINGApril1984“MacintossatrademarklcensedtoAppleComper,Inc.Apple,teApple(ago,MacaindandsareradarofppleComper,Ine.MesoUltracompact,switchingtypetanMatndJyrareriedpewcersupplyandhighresolution5s%‘ForanaucorizedAppledealernearyonesvideocircuitry:BatteryforMacintosh’LotusDecekpmentBailesPee9!highresolution:uliclockcalendar(0)538996ct(300)268-7637512.342pixel“bit-mappeddisplay.Built-inhandleforgeltingcarriedawayThankstocleverventingMacintoshrequiresnointernalfan.RS232,RS422AppleBusserialcommunications,Lslehieprinters,modemsandotherperipherals.‘MouseconnectorExternaldiskdriveconnector.Polyphonicsoundport.Brightnesscontrol.128KbytesRAM.Built-in3%2"diskdrive,Glock/calendarchip.Macintosh’sdigitalboard—theprocessingpowerofanentire32-bitdigitalgraphicscomputerin80squuareinchesKeyboardconnector—AKbytesROM.atelephonetypejackyoualreadyknowhowtouse.32-bitMotorolaMC68000microprocessor.its32-bitLisaTechnology,orits342”floppydisks,oritsserialports,oritssoft-ware,oritspolyphonicsoundgenerator.Therealgeniusisthatyoudon'thavetobeageniustouseaMacintosh.Youjusthavetobesmartenoughtobuyone.Macintoshfromconventionalcomputers,wedliketopointyouinthedirectionofyournearestauthorizedAppledealer.Over1500ofthemareeagerlywaitingtoputamouseinyourhand.Asonepoint-and-clickmakesperfectlyclear,therealgeniusofMacintoshisn'tdrive,youcandosowithoutpayingforadiskcontrollercard—thatconnector’sbuilt-in,too.Theresalsoabuilt-inconnectorforMacintosh’smouse,afeaturethatcostsupto$300oncomputersthatcaritevenrunmouse-controlledsoftware.Onelastpointer.Nowthatyou'veseensomeofthelogic,thetechnology,theengineeringgeniusandthesoftwarewizardrythatseparatesSoonthere'llbejusttwokindsofpeopleThosewhousecomputers.And;thosewhouseApples.Si.April1984PERSONALCOMPUTINGCIRCLE36197
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hasbeenatransitionperiodwherethosepeoplehavehadtobecomefamiliarwithpersonalcomputing,andsomeofthemhavedonesomoresuccessfullythanothers.WeareinatransitionperiodrightnowWearegoingtolearnalotoflessonsoverthenextyear.Oneoftheselessonsisifpeopleinadata-processingdepartmentdecidethattheyaregoingtoplacepersonalcom-putersaroundacompany,unlessthereisalotofsupportandunlesstheyarequiteeasytouse,theyaregoingtobeputtingalotofironondesksthatwillsitthereandrust.Todate,personalcomputershaveprimarilybeenanindividualpur-chase,soanyonewhoboughtacom-puterwasalreadyhighlymotivated.Jobs:Thatisexactlyright.Now,bothmodesaregoingon,andalltoofrequentlytheDPmanagersdon’tunderstandthedifferenceinmo-tivationortheimportanceofindivid-ualmotivation.Ourmodelisaverysimpleone:Wethinkyoucanmakeverypowerfulindividualworkstations,andthenyoucanmakethemalltalktoeachotherthroughalocalareanetwork,andthenyoucanputwhatwecallserversonthelocalareanetwork.Thecostoftheserverscanbeamor-tizedovertheusers.Theseserversincludelaserprinters,fileservers,communicationsservers.Itisaprettysimpleconcept.Incomputers,ifthingsaren’tpret-tysimple,theydon’twork.Ifyoubuildsystemsthatarereallycomplicated,theyjustdon’tworkovertime.Wehavetokeepthemod-elsverysimple.Wedon’tneedthefanciestlocalareanetworkintheworld,wejustneedonethatworks.Doyoubelievelocalareanetworksarepracticalnow?Jobs:Thesedreamshavebeenaroundfornearlyadecade,andyoustillcan’tbuythemtoday.Certainly,therearethousandsofnetworksinstalledandworking...Jobs:Youstillcan’tsimplybuya198PERSONALCOMPUTINGApril1984Weneedtopaymoreattentiontotheperson...whoisscaredaboutusingapersonalcomputer.bunchofcomputers,hookthemupacrossalocalareanetwork,buyalaserprinter,buyafileserver,andhavethemsharedata.Youcan’tdothattoday—unlessyouarewillingtospendhundredsofthousandsofdol-lars,andit’snotevenclearyoucandoitthen.Partofourdreamistomakethatdreamareality,butatacostthatdepartmentscanafford,thatsmallcompaniescanafford,andthatuniversitiescanafford;atanin-crediblyunprecedentedpricepoint.Howfararewefromrealizingthat?Jobs:Wearewithin12monthsofbeingwherewewanttobe.WhatadvicewouldyougivetoanMISdirectorwho’splanningtopurchaseandimplementpersonalcomputers?Jobs:Areallyexcitingthingtodoistoputpersonalcomputersonalotofdesksandtolinkthemandhavethembeusableinastand-alonemode,butalsohavethemlinkedtogethertoaplacewhereinformationcanbeshared.Weobviouslybelievethatifoneofourgoalsistoimprovethequalityofcommunications,theninadditiontoprovidingthecapabilitytocreatedia-gramsandmemosusinggraphicsandmultipletypefonts,wealsowanttobeabletolinkcomputerstogetherelectronically.Weabsolutelysupportthat,butwhatisessentialisthatwetietherightcomputerstogetherelec-tronically,becauseifyoutiethewrongcomputerstogether,youarestillgoingtobesendingaroundin-adequatecommunications,andshar-ingprogramsthatarehardtouse.WhatweneedtodoisPaymoreat-tentiontothepersonburiedintheorganizationwhoisscaredaboutus-ingapersonalcomputer,whowillletthatonehefindsonhisdeskMondaymorningrustifit’snotanewgener-ationofpersonalcomputer.Thetaskistotakesomeofthesethoughtsandplanspeoplehaveaboutlinkingpersonalcomputerstogetherandrealizethatwhilethatisanaccuratethought,theworkstationattheendofthatwirehadbetterbeonethatthepersoncanreallyuserapidlyandeasily.Ifthatisdone,thenwe'lltrulyseesomeofthesedreamsrealized.Thehardwareandthetoolsaside,oneofthereasonsthatpersonalcom-puting,theconcept,tookOffwasthatthecorporatedatabasewasn’tpro-vidingwhatmanagementneeded.So,merelytieingpeopleintothatdatahaseisn’tgoingtosolvemanyprob-lems,nomatterhoweasyitis,Jobs:Thereisaconceptofaninfor-mationcentergrowingintheMISworld.Thisisacenterforinfor-mationthatisupdated,sometimeshourlyorsometimesnightly.Itisasortofa“readonly”informationcen-terwhere,throughatelephonelinkoralocalareanetworkorsomeform,computerscanaccessacommondatabase,getsomefairlyup-to-datein-formation,andthenmanipulateitstestamosINTERVIEWlocallytoreachconclusions.Thingslikethoseconceptsarebecomingmoreandmoreviable.They’reexciting.YoutoldPersonalComputingthatMacintoshisthefutureofApple.Canyouexpandonthat?Jobs:Sure.Wehavetwofamiliesofproducts—theAppleIIfamilyandtheApple32-bitsystemfamily.WearespendingasmuchmoneyonR&DfortheAppleIIfamilyasweareforthe32-bitsystemfamily.Asyouknow,theAppleI]isstillthehighestvolumesellingcomputerintheworld,withtheexceptionofthereallow-endstuff.We’regoingtosellalotofAp-pleIlsthisChristmas.(Actualsaleshit110,000,thelargestnumberofAppleIIssoldinonemonthinthecompany’shistory.)Asyouknow,theAppleIIismoreandmorebeingtar-getedasaneducational—Kthrough12,inparticular—andhomecomput-er,eventhoughithasalotofusesintheofficeandsmallbusiness.Ithasanincrediblesoftwarebase,soweex-pectthatAppleIIsalesaregoingtocontinuetoincreaseinthenextfewyears.Thepricehascomedown.YoucanbuyanAppleIIforabout$1395,andthatincludesthewholesystem—128k,colormonitor.Aboutayearago,itwouldhavecostabout$1995.Butitisnotastaticproductbyanymeans...you'llseeusdoavarietyofinterestingthingsinthenextyearthatwillincreasethefamilyofAppleIIproductsthatrunAppleIIsoft-ware,ininterestingways.Sothatisgoingtobeabillion-dollar-plusproductlineforus,butthatisnotgoingtopropelustobe-comea$10billioncorporation.Mac-intoshisgoingtobeApple’snextmilestoneproductintheindustry—theAppleIIbeingthefirstonein1977,theIBMPersonalComputerbeingthesecondindustrymilestonein1981,andMacintoshbeingthethirdindustrymilestonein1984.Inthatsense,MacwillbethenextwaveofApple’sgrowth.Ithink,ultimate-ly,thattheLisatechnology,thatLisa200PERSONALCOMPUTINGApril1984Computers...aregoingtogivewaytoproductsthatyoucanlearntousein20minutes.andMacintosharebasedon,willbeApple’stechnologyforthe80s.Aquoteattributedtoyou,roughly,isthatusinga@personalcomputerislikeeatingatMcDonald’s;youhavetogetyourfingersgreasy.Isthattrueanylonger?Jobs:It’snottrueatall.Thecrankofthecargavewaytotheelectricstarter;thesliderulegavewaytotheelectroniccalculator.Personalcom-puters,asweknowthem,aregoingtogivewaytoproductslikeLisaandMacintosh,whereyoucanlearnhowtousethemin20minutes.Peopleneverlearnedhowtouseasliderule.Mostpeopledidn’t,atleast.Almosteveryoneknowshowtouseacalcu-lator.SothatisthewayIseethingshappening.WhatareyourgoalsforApple?Jobs:Wedon’texpressourgoalsinfinancialterms,butletmegiveyouanoverview.Ifyouaskindustryfore-castershowbigourindustrywillbecomingoutofthe80s,theywillgen-erallytellyouitwillbeatleast$30to$40billiondollars.Tobeanindustryleader,wearegoingtobeatleasta$10billioncorporation.Soyou'reanticipatinga30percentmarketshare?Jobs:Tobeanindustryleader,thatisvirtuallyadefinition.Nowwhatisexcitingtousisthis:Mostcorpora-tions,astheyreachthelevelofafewbilliondollarsinsales,becomeplain-vanillacorporations.Theylosetheircorporateculture;theylosetheirsoul.Theyaddalotofpeople,andalotofprocess.Wearetryingnottodothat.Weneedalittlemorediscipline,butwhatwedonotneedisalotmorelevelsofmanagement.WhatIthinkthesenior-levelmanagementwillbemeasuredbyinsixorsevenyearsisnotdidwegrowto$10billion,buthowdidwegrowto$10billion—thequalityofthe$10billioncorporationAndourchallengeis:Canwegrowtobeagreat$10billioncorporation?Howdoyoumeasuregreatness?Jobs:Bybeingabletokeepthein-crediblytalentedgroupoftechnicalpeople...wehavethemosttalentedtechnicalpeopleintheworld.Therearepeoplewhodon’tliketoworkinlargeorganizations.Theydon’tliketohavetoconvince10otherpeoplethattheirideasareright.Wehavesomeofthemosttalentedmarketingpeopleinthecountry,andthesearepeoplewhodon’twanttoworkfourlevelsdown.Thesearepeoplewhowanttoexpresstheirideas,getfund-ing,andgo.WehavetokeepthatApplespiritalive;wehavetocon-tinuetakingrisksonthekeyplayersandnotletApplemushroomintoagiantbureaucracy,whichiswhathappenstomostcompanies.
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INTRODUCINGSARGONIII.THEFIRSTCHESSGAMETHAT'STOUGHENOUGHFORBORISANDEASYENOUGHFORBOBBIE.aarealchal-likelittleBobbieAdamswhoitstolearnthefinerpoofthegameSargonIIIchallengesthemasters.SargonIIIcanbethetoughestopponentyou'lleverplayIt’smoredifficultandmfasterthanourSARGONil|nsandprob-1.Ifyouwanttoreplayganevenstopyourgameinprogre:veittodiskorprintitoutifyouwant.argonIIIisthebestwaytolearnche:argonIIIgivesyoutheanySgame.Itallovplayeachotherwhileitmonitotencywithrulesofplay.Youalsoqueryfbestmove.rgonIIIprovidestheierfo:mtheUonIIrunsonApp!ComputerandotherpopularcoSovisityourlocalretailerandfccall1-800.rkofHaydenSoftware.kofApplMachineCorp.wt"CIRCLE108alone,youscveinilnieaAiesccsonteetatectreiteakNaTheNewsweeklyFebruary20,1984for€Volume6,Issue8orldmputerUsers$1.50